{"id":12080,"date":"2026-01-03T17:38:35","date_gmt":"2026-01-03T17:38:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/?p=12080"},"modified":"2026-01-04T18:20:53","modified_gmt":"2026-01-04T18:20:53","slug":"pocd-demensie-alzheimer-se-siekte","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/blog\/2026\/01\/03\/pocd-demenz-alzheimer\/","title":{"rendered":"POCD \u2013 Demensie en Alzheimer se siekte"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Inhoudsopgawe<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/blog\/2026\/01\/03\/pocd-demenz-alzheimer\/#POCD\" >POCD<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/blog\/2026\/01\/03\/pocd-demenz-alzheimer\/#Testmethoden\" >Toetsmetodes<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/blog\/2026\/01\/03\/pocd-demenz-alzheimer\/#Montreal_Cognitive_Assessment_MoCA\" >Montreal Kognitiewe Assessering (MoCA)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/blog\/2026\/01\/03\/pocd-demenz-alzheimer\/#Six_Cognitive_Item_Test_6CIT\" >Ses Kognitiewe Item Toets (6CIT)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/blog\/2026\/01\/03\/pocd-demenz-alzheimer\/#Cognitive_Failure_Questionnaire_CFQ\" >Kognitiewe Mislukkingsvraelys (CFQ)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/blog\/2026\/01\/03\/pocd-demenz-alzheimer\/#Einfluss_von_Narkotika_auf_postoperative_POCD\" >Invloed van dwelmmiddels op postoperatiewe POCD<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/blog\/2026\/01\/03\/pocd-demenz-alzheimer\/#Demenz_Alzheimer\" >Demensie en Alzheimer se siekte<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Leestyd<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minute<\/span><\/span>\n<p>Wat is die verskille tussen POCD (<strong>P<\/strong>oos<strong>O<\/strong>peratiewe <strong>C<\/strong>kognitief <strong>D<\/strong>Disfunksie), demensie en Alzheimer se siekte, en wat is die huidige stand van mediese navorsing? Dit sal hieronder in detail ondersoek en verduidelik word. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#039;n Verdere artikel (nog in voorbereiding) sal die toepassings van essensi\u00eble olies en hul effekte op die bogenoemde mediese toestande ondersoek. Alle stellings sal deur onafhanklike wetenskaplike studies ondersteun word.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"POCD\"><\/span>POCD<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>POCD kom dikwels na chirurgie voor as gevolg van narkose. Dit affekteer mense van alle ouderdomme, maar hoofsaaklik pasi\u00ebnte ouer as 60. Drie maande later ly ongeveer 10% van pasi\u00ebnte steeds aan POCD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Afhangende van hul algemene gesondheid, ouderdom, voorafbestaande toestande en omvang van die operasie, vlak van opvoeding, maar ook afhangende van die narkose wat gebruik word, verteenwoordig dit gewoonlik &#039;n <a href=\"http:\/\/Cognitive dysfunction 1\u20132 years after non-cardiac surgery in the elderly\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">tydelik<\/a> Verswakking van kognitiewe funksies (bv. geheue, konsentrasie, leervermo\u00eb).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Die risiko om POCD te ontwikkel kan beraam word deur verskeie toetse voor en na die operasie te gebruik. Hierdie assessering hang van die beskikbaarheid van vergelykende data wat voor die operasie (preoperatief) ingesamel is.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Statisties, <a href=\"http:\/\/Predictors of Cognitive Dysfunction after Major Noncardiac Surgery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">bewese<\/a>, dat <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>36,6% van % onder 18- tot 39-jariges<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>30.4 % van 40-59-jariges en<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>41.4 % van pasi\u00ebnte ouer as 60 jaar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>het met ontslag aan POCD gely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Verdere inligting <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aerzteblatt.de\/archiv\/postoperative-kognitive-dysfunktion-2960a89b-577d-4f15-9307-8e9ae082b804\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Artikel<\/a> van die Duitse Mediese Tydskrif 2014.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Testmethoden\"><\/span>Toetsmetodes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kort opsomming vooraf:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>MoCA<\/strong> is die <strong>beste gevalideerde toets<\/strong> vir &#039;n ho\u00eb-sensitiwiteit POCD-sifting<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>6CIT<\/strong> kan wees <strong>Ultrasnelle sifting<\/strong> kan gebruik word, maar vereis opleiding.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CFQ<\/strong> is <strong>nie geskik nie<\/strong> <strong>as &#039;n objektiewe maatstaf<\/strong> vir POCD, meer so vir subjektiewe kognitiewe klagtes en sielkundige nood<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Vergelyking van al drie toetsmetodes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>toets<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Tydsduur<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>punte<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>opmerking<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Versterk<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Beperkings<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>MoCA<\/strong><\/td><td>10 min<\/td><td>0-30<\/td><td>Beste gevalideer<\/td><td>Ho\u00eb sensitiwiteit (90% vir MCI), bespeur POCD onder algemene en streeksnarkose<\/td><td>Vereis opleiding, langer duur<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>6CIT<\/strong><\/td><td>2 min<\/td><td>0-28*<\/td><td>Vinnige sifting<\/td><td>Baie vinnig, korreleer goed met MoCA (r=-0.86)<\/td><td>Lae betroubaarheid in werklike omgewings sonder opleiding<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>CFQ<\/strong><\/td><td>5-10 min<\/td><td>0-100<\/td><td>Subjektiewe klagtes<\/td><td>Vang alledaagse funksie, selfverslag vas<\/td><td>Dit korreleer NIE met objektiewe toetse nie; dit meet sielkundige nood eerder as objektiewe nood.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>*Aandag \u2013 Ho\u00ebr tellings dui op swakker kognisie!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Montreal_Cognitive_Assessment_MoCA\"><\/span>Montreal Kognitiewe Assessering (MoCA)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/Nasreddine et al. (2005): &quot;The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment&quot; - Journal of the American Geriatrics Society\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Toetsbeskrywing en prosedure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Die MoCA is &#039;n <strong>10-minuut kognitiewe siftingsinstrument<\/strong> met maksimum <strong>30 punte<\/strong>.<br>Die toets evalueer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>korttermyngeheue<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Visuospatiale vaardighede<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uitvoerende funksies<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aandag en werkgeheue<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>taal<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ori\u00ebntasie<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Interne konsekwentheid<\/strong>Cronbach se alfa van 0.83 in die oorspronklike weergawe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Met &#039;n afsnypunt van 26 punte:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>MMSE<\/strong>Sensitiwiteit van 18% vir die opsporing van MCI<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>MoCA<\/strong>Sensitiwiteit 90% vir die opsporing van MCI<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>In ligte Alzheimer-demensie<\/strong>MMSE 78% Sensitiwiteit teenoor MoCA 100%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Spesifisiteit<\/strong>MMSE 100%, MoCA 87%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Skakel:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/15817019\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/15817019\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Preoperatief teenoor 24 uur postoperatief onder algemene narkose<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>MMSE: 27.17\u00b11.93 \u2192 26.23\u00b12.77 (p=0.003)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>MoCA: 24,32\u00b13,19 \u2192 22,87\u00b13,88 (p=0,000)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Preoperatief teenoor 24 uur postoperatief tydens spinale narkose<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>MMSE: Geen beduidende verskil nie<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>MoCA: 24,35\u00b12,84 \u2192 23,13\u00b14,08 (p=0,019)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>POCD-voorkoms<\/strong>MoCA 32.9% teenoor MMSE 15.2% (p=0.018)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Gevaar<\/strong>MoCA het kognitiewe agteruitgang in beide narkosegroepe waargeneem; MMSE slegs in die algemene narkosegroep.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Verdere studies:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8580134\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Vergelyking van MoCA teenoor MMSE in bejaarde pasi\u00ebnte na geringe elektiewe prosedures<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8580134\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Vergelyking van postoperatiewe kognitiewe agteruitgang met behulp van die Mini-Mental State Examination en Montreal Kognitiewe Assessering na klein elektiewe chirurgie by bejaardes<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10811182\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">MCI as &#039;n risikofaktor vir POCD in spinale chirurgie<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8925052\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">POCD-definisie met behulp van MoCA<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8925052\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Postoperatiewe kognitiewe disfunksie by ouer chirurgiese pasi\u00ebnte geassosieer met verhoogde gesondheidsorgbenutting: &#039;n prospektiewe studie uit &#039;n boonste middelinkomsteland<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9764502\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Telefoon-MoCA (T-MoCA) in die preoperatiewe omgewing<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/Wang et al. (2022): &quot;Early Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Patients after Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Analysis of Risk Factors and Cognitive Functional Levels&quot; - Journal of Healthcare Engineering\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Risikofaktore vir POCD van verskillende erns<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7028034\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">MoCA-afsnywaardes in kliniese praktyk<\/a><br><br><strong>vir normale kognisie<\/strong>:<br><strong>\u226526 punte<\/strong>Sensitiwiteit: 95%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>vir die uitsluiting van ligte demensie<\/strong>:<br><strong>\u226521 punte<\/strong>: 98% negatiewe voorspellende waarde (NPV)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>vir uitsluiting MCI<\/strong>:<br><strong>\u226526 punte<\/strong>: 94% Netto netto waarde<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7028034\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Diagnostiese akkuraatheid van die Montreal Kognitiewe Assessering (MoCA) vir kognitiewe sifting in bejaardepsigiatrie: Bepaling van afsnypunte in kliniese praktyk. Vermyding van spektrumvooroordeel veroorsaak deur gesonde kontroles.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Six_Cognitive_Item_Test_6CIT\"><\/span>Ses Kognitiewe Item Toets (6CIT)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10200246\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Toetsbeskrywing en prosedure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Die <strong>6CIT<\/strong> (sa. <strong>Kingshill Weergawe 2000<\/strong>Die toets het &#039;n gemiddelde toedieningstyd van slegs 2.05 minute en &#039;n maksimum telling van 28, wat die swakste kognitiewe vermo\u00eb verteenwoordig, terwyl laer tellings beter kognitiewe vermo\u00eb aandui. Die toets evalueer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>geheue<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aandag<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Taal<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uitvoerende funksies<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Motorspoed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mediaantellings per diagnostiese groep<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>SCD (Subjektiewe Kognitiewe Afname)<\/strong> - 2 punte<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>MCI (Ligte Kognitiewe Inkorting)<\/strong> \u2013 5 punte<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>demensie<\/strong> \u2013 17 punte<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Verdere studies:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10200246\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Vergelyking van die Ses-Item Kognitiewe Inkortingstoets (6CIT) met algemeen gebruikte kort kognitiewe siftingsinstrumente in &#039;n geheuekliniekpopulasie<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/24256425\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Geskiktheid van die 6CIT as &#039;n siftingstoets vir demensie in prim\u00eare sorgpasi\u00ebnte<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32342018\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Vinnige Persoonlike Kognitiewe Sifting in die Preoperatiewe Omgewing: Toetsoorwegings en Aanbevelings van die Vereniging vir Perioperatiewe Assessering en Gehalteverbetering (SPAQI)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cognitive_Failure_Questionnaire_CFQ\"><\/span>Kognitiewe Mislukkingsvraelys (CFQ)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/7126941\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Toetsbeskrywing en oorspronklike ontwikkeling<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Die <strong>CFQ<\/strong> is &#039;n <strong>selfgerapporteerde vraelys<\/strong> met 25 vrae vir die evaluering van foute in persepsie, geheue en motoriese funksie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Eienskappe<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Responsskaal<\/strong>: 0 (&quot;Nooit&quot;) tot 4 (&quot;Baie gereeld&quot;)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Totale tellingreeks<\/strong>: 0-100 (ho\u00ebr waardes dui op groter kognitiewe inkorting)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>stabiliteit<\/strong>Relatief stabiel oor lang tydperke (eienskap eerder as toestandsmeting)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Korrelasie met eksterne kriteria<\/strong>Beduidende korrelasie met graderings deur eggenote<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Korrelasie met psigiatriese simptome<\/strong>Ja (MHQ \u2013 Geestesgesondheidsvraelys)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Vier subdomeine is in die resultaat ingesluit:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Geheue<\/strong> met 0-32 punte<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Afleibaarheid<\/strong> met 0-36 punte<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Foute (Blunders)<\/strong> met 0-28 punte<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Name (Name)<\/strong> met 0-8 punte<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Tipiese POCD-omvang:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>geheue<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aandag<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Taal<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uitvoerende funksies<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Motorspoed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Verdere studies:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/7126941\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Die Kognitiewe Mislukkingsvraelys (KFV) en sy korrelate<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5140732\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Endoskopiese sinuschirurgie verbeter kognitiewe disfunksie by pasi\u00ebnte met chroniese rinosinusitis<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC6385821\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Postoperatiewe kognitiewe disfunksie na koron\u00eare arterie bypass-oorplanting<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10685926\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Twaalf maande opvolg-effekte van kognitiewe opleiding na hartklepchirurgie op kognitiewe funksies en gesondheidsverwante lewenskwaliteit: &#039;n gerandomiseerde kliniese proef<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10044453\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hersiening van die Faktorstruktuur en Konstrukgeldigheid van die Kognitiewe Mislukkingsvraelys<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/10579381\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Die vraelys oor kognitiewe mislukkings in psigiatrie<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Einfluss_von_Narkotika_auf_postoperative_POCD\"><\/span>Invloed van dwelmmiddels op postoperatiewe POCD<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Die intraveneus toegediende <em>Propofol<\/em> volgens hierdie <a href=\"http:\/\/Postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Possible neuronal mechanisms and practical consequences for clinical routine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">studeer<\/a> &#039;n Laer voorkoms van delirium en POCD in vergelyking met inasemingsnarkose met sevofluraan. Die studie is slegs beskikbaar as &#039;n betaalde weergawe in die <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00101-012-2024-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Volle teks<\/a> voorheen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Die voorkoms van POCD was ho\u00ebr met sevofluraan (57.1%) in vergelyking met propofol (32.3%), en die voorkoms van delirium was ook ho\u00ebr met sevofluraan (34.2%) in vergelyking met propofol (8.8%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Demenz_Alzheimer\"><\/span>Demensie en Alzheimer se siekte<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Terwyl demensie &#039;n sindroom is en simptome beskryf, verteenwoordig dit <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nia.nih.gov\/health\/alzheimers-and-dementia\/alzheimers-disease-fact-sheet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Alzheimer<\/a> Die siekte verteenwoordig &#039;n spesifieke oorsaak vir hierdie simptome.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Demensie word onderverdeel in (<a href=\"http:\/\/Relative frequencies of Alzheimer disease, Lewy body, vascular and frontotemporal dementia, and hippocampal sclerosis in the State of Florida Brain Bank\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">frekwensie<\/a>):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Alzheimer se siekte<\/strong> \u2013 (77%)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lewy-liggaamsdemensie (LBD)<\/strong> \u2013 (26%)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vaskul\u00eare demensie (VaD)<\/strong> \u2013 (18%)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hippocampus sklerose (HS)<\/strong> \u2013 (13%) <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Frontotemporale demensie (FTD)<\/strong> \u2013 (5%)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gemengde demensie<\/strong><br>Gelyktydige Alzheimer se siekte in LBD-pasi\u00ebnte \u2013 (66%)<br>Gelyktydige Alzheimer se siekte in VaD-pasi\u00ebnte \u2013 (77%)<br>Gelyktydige Alzheimer se siekte in HS-pasi\u00ebnte \u2013 (66%)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Volgens huidige kennis (Januarie 2026) word alle vorme van demensie as ongeneeslik beskou. Slegs die progressie kan vertraag word. Benewens die bekende farmaseutiese middels, <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC12131090\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">138 meer verken<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As &#039;n voorkomende maatre\u00ebl het ho\u00ebr onderwys, fisieke aktiwiteit, goeie hanteringsvaardighede en &#039;n sterk sosiale netwerk bewys dat dit positief is in die vermindering van demensie-risikofaktore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Verdere studies:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2026 word vervolg \u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Leestyd<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minute<\/span><\/span>Was sind die Unterschiede zwischen POCD (Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction), Demenz und Alzheimer und wie ist die aktuelle, medizinische Studienlage? Dies soll nachfolgend untersucht und detailliert dargelegt werden. In einem weiteren Beitrag (noch in Bearbeitung) werden M\u00f6glichkeiten der Anwendung \u00c4therischer \u00d6le und deren Wirkung auf o.g. Krankheitsbilder aufgezeigt. Alle Aussagen werden mittels unabh\u00e4ngiger wissenschaftlicher Studien belegt.&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/blog\/2026\/01\/03\/pocd-demenz-alzheimer\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Lees Meer \u00bb<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">POCD \u2013 Demensie en Alzheimer se siekte<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12080","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"modified_by":"Achim Goerner","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12080","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12080"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12080\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12080"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12080"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12080"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}