{"id":1912,"date":"2022-06-22T10:30:34","date_gmt":"2022-06-22T10:30:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/?p=1912"},"modified":"2025-10-24T18:05:27","modified_gmt":"2025-10-24T18:05:27","slug":"waterontsmetting-uv-c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/blog\/2022\/06\/22\/wasser-entkeimung-uv-c\/","title":{"rendered":"Waterontsmetting met behulp van UV-C"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Inhoudsopgawe<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/blog\/2022\/06\/22\/wasser-entkeimung-uv-c\/#Studien\" >Studies<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/blog\/2022\/06\/22\/wasser-entkeimung-uv-c\/#Die_Theorie_%E2%80%A6\" >Die teorie \u2026<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/blog\/2022\/06\/22\/wasser-entkeimung-uv-c\/#Strahlungs-Dosis\" >Stralingsdosis<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/blog\/2022\/06\/22\/wasser-entkeimung-uv-c\/#%E2%80%A6_und_die_Praxis\" >... en die praktyk<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/blog\/2022\/06\/22\/wasser-entkeimung-uv-c\/#Wahl_des_Einbauortes\" >Keuse van installasieplek<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/blog\/2022\/06\/22\/wasser-entkeimung-uv-c\/#Besonderheit_Druckpumpe\" >Spesiale kenmerk drukpomp<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Leestyd<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 3<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minute<\/span><\/span>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Waterontsmetting kan op verskeie maniere bewerkstellig word. Die veiligste en eenvoudigste oplossing is UV-C-bestraling (golflengte 200 tot 280 nm). Hierdie metode word in laboratoriums, klinieke, nywerhede, akwariums en huishoudings gebruik. Mikro\u00f6rganismes soos bakterie\u00eb, virusse, giste en swamme word met 99,9% doodgemaak teen die toepaslike vloeitempo per tydseenheid en bestralingsintensiteit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Studien\"><\/span>Studies<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Onder waterspesialiste word die doeltreffendheid van UV-C-verheldering in die inaktivering van virusse soms bevraagteken. Die argument is dat virusse kleiner as bakterie\u00eb is en nie deur UV-C ge\u00efnaktiveer word nie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Die <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0043135424012211?via%3Dihub#bib0050\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Studiesituasie<\/a> Dit bevestig egter die inaktivering, selfs van virusse, natuurlik altyd afhanklik van die dosistempo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Die_Theorie_%E2%80%A6\"><\/span>Die teorie \u2026<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ontsmetting is egter nie sinoniem met <a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/omgekeerde-osmose-2\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"2131\">Filtrering<\/a>Besoedelende deeltjies word slegs deur geskikte filters verwyder! Verder verminder besoedelde water UV-C-oordrag en dus die doeltreffendheid van UV-C-straling.<br>Byvoorbeeld, ultrasuiwer water op &#039;n afstand van 1 cm vanaf die stralingsbron (wat ooreenstem met 80 % van die 100% stralingsvermo\u00eb, na 17 mm steeds 70 %) het &#039;n transmissie van 99 .. 100 %, drinkwater 85 .. 98 %, re\u00ebnwater 75 .. 85 % en afvalwater 50 .. 75 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Strahlungs-Dosis\"><\/span>Stralingsdosis<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Die stralingsdosis word bereken vanaf die tyd (<em>t<\/em>) vermenigvuldig met die intensiteit (<em>Ek<\/em>) van die UV-C-lamp en word gemeet in mJ\/cm<sup>2<\/sup> gemeet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Die dosis wat benodig word om mikro\u00f6rganismes dood te maak, is byvoorbeeld<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\n<table id=\"tablepress-1\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">patogeen<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Dosis mJ\/cm2<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Clostridium tetani<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">4,90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Hepatitis A<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">11,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Infektiewe pankreasnekrose<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">60,00 *<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">11,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Legionella pneumophila<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">2,04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Poliovirus<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">12,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">11,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Rotavirus<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">35,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-10\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">6,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-11\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Salmonella typhi<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">14,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-12\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Salmonella typhimurium<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">13,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-13\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Spore van bac. subtilis<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">12,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-14\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">36,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-15\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Streptokokkus faecalis<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">4,50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1 from cache --><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As &#039;n re\u00ebl word die dosisinligting vir die toestelle in J\/m\u00b2 gegee.<sup>2<\/sup> of mJ\/cm<sup>2<\/sup> Hulle verwys na die gespesifiseerde doeltreffendheid van ten minste 90% in die doodmaak van bakterie\u00eb en virusse teen die onderskeie vloeitempo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">*Waardes bo 40 mJ\/cm<sup>2<\/sup> Teen vloeisnelhede bo 4 tot 7 liter\/min is &#039;n tweede ekwivalente stadium nodig om hierdie patogene betroubaar op te spoor, met inagneming van die potensi\u00eble fotoreaktivering deur fotoliase. Hierdie ensieme kan die DNA-skade wat deur UV-C-lig veroorsaak word, herstel. Om hierdie effek effektief teen te werk, word dosisse van ongeveer 44 mJ\/cm<sup>2<\/sup>, of 440 J\/m\u00b2<sup>2<\/sup> nodig.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Halvering van die vloeitempo lei tot &#039;n verdubbeling van die dosis, wat weer die ontsmettingskapasiteit met &#039;n faktor van 10 verhoog. Die 90 persent ontsmetting neem dan toe tot 99%. Verdrievoudiging van die dosis lei tot 99.9% ontsmetting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dus word die bogenoemde fotoreaktivering teen die helfte van die vloeitempo reeds met een eenheid in ag geneem.<br>As jy egter van voorneme is om hoogs besoedelde water te ontsmet en ho\u00ebr vloeitempo&#039;s benodig, word &#039;n tweede en moontlik derde fase goed aanbeveel.<br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6_und_die_Praxis\"><\/span>... en die praktyk<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Drukpompe ge\u00efnstalleer in stacaravans, bv. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.de\/Shurflo-Wasser-Camper-Liter-Armaturen\/dp\/B07DYS5XZJ\/ref=sr_1_1?__mk_de_DE=%C3%85M%C3%85%C5%BD%C3%95%C3%91&amp;crid=22S8P4PJDEWEW&amp;keywords=shurflo+2095-204-112&amp;qid=1655889462&amp;sprefix=shurflo+2095-204-112%2Caps%2C123&amp;sr=8-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Shurflo<\/a>, lewer tot 7 liter\/min. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.purion.de\/produkte\/purion-500\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Purway 500<\/a> UV-C-ontsmettingstelsel (12 of 24 V GS) is vir tot 400 liter\/uur teen 400 J\/m\u00b2<sup>2<\/sup> en werk teen 254 nm met &#039;n UVT (<em>UV-oordrag<\/em>) van 90 %. Die vloeitempo is 6,7 liter\/min. As gevolg van die klein pypdeursnitte van 10\u201312 mm, lewer die Purway-stelsel &#039;n maksimum van 1,1 liter\/min. Dus, teen &#039;n vloeitempo van ongeveer 60 liter\/h, lei dit tot &#039;n dosis van 6 666,67 J\/m\u00b2.<sup>2<\/sup> en &#039;n doeltreffendheid van 99.9999999999999 % (wat ooreenstem met log12)!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dit is &#039;n goeie idee om die stelsel met &#039;n moniteringseenheid te installeer. Dit waarsku wanneer die lamp se lewensduur bereik is, wat &#039;n konsekwent ho\u00eb ontsmettingskapasiteit verseker.<br>Daar moet kennis geneem word dat die lamp se dosistempo mettertyd afneem. Daarom moet die totale dosistempo dienooreenkomstig oorskaal word, of &#039;n meer gereelde lampvervangingsinterval moet beplan word.<br>Alternatiewelik kan &#039;n bedryfsure-teller ge\u00efnstalleer word indien &#039;n stelsel sonder &#039;n moniteringseenheid aangekoop is.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dit is ook raadsaam om &#039;n ekstra UV-C-lamp te bestel. Dit gaan minder oor die verwagte lewensduur en meer oor die hoogs waarskynlike risiko van voortydige mislukking op die slegste moontlike tyd, ver van &#039;n verskaffer van die ooreenstemmende onderdele, volgens Murphy se Wet\u2026<br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Wahl_des_Einbauortes\"><\/span>Keuse van installasieplek<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jy sal nie kiemvrye water in die stort of badkamer nodig h\u00ea nie. Jy sal wel in die kombuis nodig h\u00ea. Daarom is die koue waterpyp net voor die kraan ideaal. Daar is gewoonlik genoeg spasie op die agtermuur van die wasbakkas om die 32 cm lange UV-eenheid in die waterslang te integreer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Benewens twee geskikte slangmondstukke en slangklemme, benodig jy ook &#039;n 12\/24 V GS-aansluiting. Die waterpomp is ideaal hiervoor. &#039;n Tweedraadskabel, wat langs die waterslange na die pomp gel\u00ea en daar parallel aan sy kragtoevoer gekoppel word, is voldoende, mits &#039;n suigpomp via die kraan geaktiveer word.<br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Besonderheit_Druckpumpe\"><\/span>Spesiale kenmerk drukpomp<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In die geval van onderbroke lopende drukpompe moet &#039;n vertragingskring parallel ge\u00efnstalleer word, wat weer die kragtoevoer van die ontsmettingstelsel oorneem sodat dit vir &#039;n verstelbare tydperk aangeskakel bly, selfs nadat die drukpomp afgeskakel is en wateronttrekking voortgegaan het.<br><br>Dit word bereik deur &#039;n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.de\/dp\/B07W6NLTYT\/ref=pe_27091401_487024491_TE_item\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Beheerelektronika<\/a>wat die afskakeling van die toevoerspanning vir die ontsmettingstelsel vir &#039;n verstelbare tydperk vertraag.<br>Dit is direk gekoppel aan die boordspanning van 12 of 24 V. &#039;n Kabel word parallel met die uitgaande positiewe draad van die drukpomp se drukskakelaar aan die seiningang gekoppel. Wanneer die pomp begin, begin die geaktiveerde positiewe seinvlak en die aktivering van die drukpomp die vertragingstyd, en die ontsmettingstelsel bly aangeskakel vir die ingestelde tydperk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:34px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ps Indien u persoonlike ondersteuning met die implementering teen &#039;n fooi benodig, is u welkom om&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/konsultasiediens\/\">bespreking<\/a>&nbsp;maak!<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br><br><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Leestyd<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 3<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minute<\/span><\/span>Waterontsmetting kan op verskeie maniere uitgevoer word. Die veiligste en eenvoudigste oplossing is bestraling met UV-C (golflengte 200\u2013280 nm). Hierdie metode word in laboratoriums, klinieke, nywerhede, akwariums en huise gebruik. Mikro\u00f6rganismes soos bakterie\u00eb, virusse, giste en swamme word teen &#039;n tempo van 99,9% per tydseenheid en bestralingsintensiteit met &#039;n geskikte vloeitempo doodgemaak. Studies onder\u2026&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/blog\/2022\/06\/22\/wasser-entkeimung-uv-c\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Lees Meer \u00bb<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Waterontsmetting met behulp van UV-C<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[340,338],"tags":[680,691,684,687,618,591,688,693,679,696,694,697,695,686,698,689,690,699,685,683,682,681,677,678,676,692],"class_list":["post-1912","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-wasser-entkeimung-mittels-uv-c","category-wasser-management","tag-bestrahlungsintensitaet","tag-dna","tag-dosis","tag-dosis-angaben","tag-druckpumpe","tag-durchflussmenge","tag-durchflussraten","tag-entkeimungs-kapazitaet","tag-filterung","tag-filterwechsel","tag-fliessgeschwindigkeit","tag-kalk","tag-lampenlebensdauer","tag-mikroorganismen","tag-pha","tag-photolyasen","tag-photoreaktivierung","tag-polyphosphat","tag-strahlungs-dosis","tag-strahlungsleistung","tag-strahlungsquelle","tag-transmission","tag-uv-c","tag-v-c-klaerer","tag-wasser-entkeimung","tag-zellschaden"],"modified_by":"Achim Goerner","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1912","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1912"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1912\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1912"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1912"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1912"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}