{"id":7072,"date":"2024-04-05T19:28:39","date_gmt":"2024-04-05T19:28:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/?p=7072"},"modified":"2024-05-03T08:26:07","modified_gmt":"2024-05-03T08:26:07","slug":"omsetter-en-ware-sinusgolf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/","title":{"rendered":"Omkeerder en &quot;ware&quot; sinusgolf"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Inhoudsopgawe<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/#Sinus_%E2%80%93_Netzspannung\" >Sinus \u2013 netspanning<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/#Sinus_%E2%80%93_APC_USV_Back_Pro_1500\" >Sinus \u2013 APC UPS Back Pro 1500<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/#Sinus_%E2%80%93_Victron_Multiplus_II\" >Sinus \u2013 Victron Multiplus II<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/#Messung\" >meting<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/#Vorgehensweise\" >Prosedure<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/#Kalibrierung\" >kalibrasie<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/#Teilerverhaltnis_am_Tastkopf_einstellen\" >Stel die delerverhouding op die sonde in<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/#Oszilloskop-Einstellungen\" >Ossilloskoop-instellings<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/#Unterschied_AC_DC_coupling\" >Verskil tussen AC- en DC-koppeling<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/#Messung-2\" >meting<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Leestyd<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 3<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minute<\/span><\/span>\n<p>Omskakelaar (<em>Engels<\/em>Omsetters, veral &quot;goedkoper&quot; omsetters, word dikwels geadverteer asof hulle &#039;n &quot;ware&quot; sinusgolf het. &#039;n Ware sinusgolf is veral belangrik vir skakelkragbronne. &#039;n Min of meer afgeronde vierkantige golf veroorsaak probleme vir die komponente van skakelkragbronne en kan hulle selfs mettertyd vernietig.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#039;n Omsetter se krag behoort &#039;n maksimum van ongeveer 20 % van die batterykapasiteit teen 12 V GS en 10 % teen 24 V GS uit te maak. Voorbeeld: 1 000 W omsetterkrag * 0,2 = 200 Ah batterykapasiteit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sinus_%E2%80%93_Netzspannung\"><\/span>Sinus \u2013 netspanning<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Die netspanning is gewoonlik 230 V teen &#039;n frekwensie van 50 Hz. Die netfrekwensie beteken dat die spanning 50 keer per sekonde tussen sy minimum en maksimum rondom die nullyn verander.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Die volgende diagram toon die sinuskromme van die netspanning.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Sinus.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7076\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Sinus.png 800w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Sinus-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Sinus-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Sinus-768x461.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:34px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Dit is opmerklik dat die meeteenheid op 200 V gestel is (links onder in die beeld). Gevolglik verteenwoordig twee blokkies 400 V. Die piek van die kurwe verteenwoordig die <em>Effektiewe waarde<\/em> die nominale spanning van 230 V en is visueel net meer as een en &#039;n half bokse, wat ooreenstem met ongeveer 300 V, of presies <em>325 V<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sinus_%E2%80%93_APC_USV_Back_Pro_1500\"><\/span>Sinus \u2013 APC UPS Back Pro 1500<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>APC is &#039;n bekende vervaardiger van ononderbroke kragbronne (UPS, <em>Engels<\/em>. UPS). Daar word aanvaar dat hierdie &#039;n ordentlike sinusgolf genereer, veral omdat hulle gewoonlik gebruik word om teen kragonderbrekings te beskerm, veral in rekenaars.<br>Hulle het skakeltye van ongeveer 18 ms, wat voldoende is om rekenaars teen onbeheerde afskakelings te beskerm. Beide skootrekenaars en tafelrekenaars werk met skakelkragbronne.<br>Aangesien hulle hoofsaaklik deur netstroom aangedryf word, is bedryfstye met UPS-rugsteun weglaatbaar, en daarom is &#039;n benaderde sinusgolf verdraagsaam, selfs al is dit \u2013 eintlik \u2013 ongewens. Dus word ongelukkig geen ware sinusgolf gelewer nie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:34px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Pseudo_Sinus.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7075\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Pseudo_Sinus.png 800w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Pseudo_Sinus-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Pseudo_Sinus-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Pseudo_Sinus-768x461.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:0px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:34px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sinus_%E2%80%93_Victron_Multiplus_II\"><\/span>Sinus \u2013 Victron Multiplus II<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Die omsetter <em>Victron Multiplus II<\/em> en sy verwante is ontwerp vir die deurlopende kragtoevoer van verbruikers, insluitend rekenaars. Soos die voorgenoemde APC UPS, het hulle &#039;n soortgelyke kort skakeltyd, en daarom kan hulle ook as UPS&#039;e funksioneer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aangesien dit, afhangende van die batterykapasiteit, eintlik &#039;n permanente toevoer van skakelkragbronne kan wees, is die fokus hier hoofsaaklik op &#039;n werklike \u2013 re\u00eble \u2013 sinusgolf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Messung\"><\/span>meting<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Enigiemand wat self die sinusgolf van hul omsetter wil meet en &#039;n ossilloskoop het, kan die advertensie-eise regstreeks nagaan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:34px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>! \u2013 <strong>Gevaar - !<\/strong><br>Werk met spannings groter as 50 volt kan lewensgevaarlik wees indien algemene veiligheidsregulasies nie nagekom word nie.<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:34px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vorgehensweise\"><\/span>Prosedure<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kalibrierung\"><\/span>kalibrasie<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Elke meetinvoer moet aangepas en gekalibreer word vir die gebruikte sonde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Die ossilloskoop verskaf &#039;n vastefrekwensie-uitset vir hierdie doel. Nadat die sonde se BNC-konnektor aan die verlangde meetinvoer gekoppel is, word die sondepunt aan die vastefrekwensie-uitsetterminaal gekoppel en die krokodilklem word aan die grondterminaal gekoppel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Daar is &#039;n klein gaatjie aan die kant van die sonde-konnektor waardeur &#039;n plastiek-aanpassingskroewedraaier, wat saam met die sondepunt ingesluit is, ingesteek kan word en &#039;n skoon vierkantige golf ingestel kan word deur dit effens in die een of ander rigting te draai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Teilerverhaltnis_am_Tastkopf_einstellen\"><\/span>Stel die delerverhouding op die sonde in<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Die ossilloskoop-sonde word van sy insteekbare aardverbinding verwyder (gewoonlik toegerus met &#039;n krokodilklem aan die einde). Slegs die sondepunt self word benodig.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Die sonde moet oorskakel van <em>1 x<\/em> aan <em>10 keer<\/em> Dit verteenwoordig &#039;n delingsverhouding. Aangesien 230 V &#039;n totale effektiewe spanning (gebaseer op die minimum en maksimum waardes) van 650 V het, maar ossilloskoopseininsette oor die algemeen slegs ontwerp is vir &#039;n maksimum van 400 Vp (voltpiek), word die delingsverhouding op 10:1 gestel deur oor te skakel na 10x. Gevolglik is die meetinset nie 650 V nie, maar 65 V, wat binne die toelaatbare spanningswaardes is.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Oszilloskop-Einstellungen\"><\/span>Ossilloskoop-instellings<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Die ossilloskoop gebruik die insetspanningsbereik <em>200 V<\/em> , seinkoppeling aan <em>lugversorging<\/em> en die delerverhouding op <em>10 keer<\/em> stel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Unterschied_AC_DC_coupling\"><\/span>Verskil tussen AC- en DC-koppeling<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Wanneer jy instel <em>WS-koppeling<\/em> Die GS-spanningskomponent word afgetrek en slegs die WS-spanningskomponent word vertoon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wanneer jy instel <em>GS-koppeling<\/em> Die GS-spanningskomponent word as &#039;n verrekening vir die WS-spanningskomponent gebruik en die WS-spanningskomponent word met hierdie hoeveelheid ho\u00ebr op die y-as vertoon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Messung-2\"><\/span>meting<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Eers word die fase bepaal met behulp van &#039;n spanningstoetser (\u2019n skroewedraaier met &#039;n gloeilamp, ook genoem &#039;n &quot;leuenaartoetser&quot;). Die gekoppelde sonde word dan hieraan gekoppel. Die sinusgolfsein word vertoon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sommige ossilloskope laat ook &#039;n oorvleuelende vertoon van alle gemete waardes toe wat voortspruit uit die toegepaste sein, soos in die volgende figuur getoon:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:34px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Messdaten.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7078\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Messdaten.png 800w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Messdaten-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Messdaten-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Messdaten-768x461.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Leestyd<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 3<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minute<\/span><\/span>Wechselrichter (engl. Inverter), insbesondere die &#8222;preisg\u00fcnstigen&#8220; werden oft mit &#8222;echter&#8220; Sinus beworben. Ein echter Sinus ist insbesondere f\u00fcr Schaltnetzteile wichtig. Eine mehr oder weniger abgerundete Rechteckwelle macht den Bauteilen von Schaltnetzteilen zu schaffen und kann sie auf Dauer gar zerst\u00f6ren. Ein Wechselrichter sollte in seiner Leistung bei 12 V DC etwa maximal 20 %, bei&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Lees Meer \u00bb<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Omkeerder en &quot;ware&quot; sinusgolf<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1757,2878,3210,3209,1582],"tags":[839,429,3228,3229,3216,840,3224,3225,3217,1295,540,3226,3211,1289,3218,3215,3227,3214,2442,3212,3213,3221,3220,3223,3222,1583,430,519,529,3219],"class_list":["post-7072","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-elektrotechnik","category-messtechnik","category-ups","category-usv","category-wechselrichter","tag-ac","tag-apc","tag-bnc","tag-bnc-stecker","tag-coupling","tag-dc","tag-effektivspannung","tag-festfrequenz-ausgang","tag-gleichspannungs-anteil","tag-inverter","tag-kalibrierung","tag-messeingang","tag-multiplus","tag-multiplus-ii-2","tag-offset","tag-oszilloskop","tag-phase","tag-schaltnetzteil","tag-signal","tag-sinus","tag-sinuskurve","tag-spannungspruefer","tag-tastkopf","tag-teilerverhaeltnis","tag-teilungsverhaeltnis","tag-ups","tag-usv","tag-victron","tag-wechselrichter","tag-wechselspannungs-anteil"],"modified_by":"Achim Goerner","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7072","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7072"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7072\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7072"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7072"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/af\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7072"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}