{"id":4597,"date":"2023-06-15T18:26:49","date_gmt":"2023-06-15T18:26:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/?p=4597"},"modified":"2026-04-03T11:47:45","modified_gmt":"2026-04-03T11:47:45","slug":"potravinove-doplnky-a-pridatne-latky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/","title":{"rendered":"Dopl\u0148ky stravy a p\u0159\u00eddatn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Obsah<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#Zutaten_und_Zusatzstoffe\" >Slo\u017eky a p\u0159\u00edsady<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#Zutaten\" >Slo\u017een\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#Zusatzstoffe\" >P\u0159\u00eddatn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#Der_Teufel_im_Detail\" >\u010e\u00e1bel v detailu<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#E101_Riboflavin\" >E101 (riboflavin)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#E171_Titandioxid\" >E171 (oxid titani\u010dit\u00fd)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#E200_Sorbinsaure_E201Natriumsorbat_E202_Kaliumsorbat_E203_Calciumsorbat\" >E200 (kyselina sorbov\u00e1), E201 (sorban sodn\u00fd), E202 (sorban draseln\u00fd), E203 (sorban v\u00e1penat\u00fd).<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#E_407_407a_Carrageen\" >E 407 \/ 407a (karagenan)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#E460_Mikrokristalline_Cellulose\" >E460 (mikrokrystalick\u00e1 celul\u00f3za)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#E551_Siliciumdioxid\" >E551 (oxid k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00fd)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#E572_Magnesiumstearat\" >E572 (stearan ho\u0159e\u010dnat\u00fd)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#E952_Cyclamat\" >E952 (cyklam\u00e1t)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#E953_Isomalt\" >E953 (Isomalt)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#E954_Natriumsaccharin\" >E954 (sacharin sodn\u00fd)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#E967_Xylit_Birkenzucker\" >E967 (xylitol \/ b\u0159ezov\u00fd cukr)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#E968_Erythrit_Erythritol\" >E968 (Erythritol \/ Erythritol)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#E1400_Maltodextrin\" >E1400 (maltodextrin)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#Bioverfugbarkeit\" >Biologick\u00e1 dostupnost<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#Der_Wirkstoff_Magnesium-Citrat\" >\u00da\u010dinn\u00e1 l\u00e1tka: citr\u00e1t ho\u0159e\u010dnat\u00fd<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#Fazit\" >Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Doba \u010dten\u00ed<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 7<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minuty<\/span><\/span>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 cht\u011bj\u00ed, aby dopl\u0148ky stravy neobsahovaly p\u0159\u00eddatn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky. Pr\u016fmysl v\u0161ak r\u00e1d pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00eddatn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, jako jsou barviva nebo sladidla, ve sv\u016fj prosp\u011bch, aby usnadnil v\u00fdrobu a optimalizoval ekonomiku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u010cas od \u010dasu m\u016f\u017eete v drogeri\u00edch, obchodn\u00edch domech nebo \u010dasopisech naj\u00edt reklamn\u00ed let\u00e1ky se s\u00e1\u010dky se vzorky s l\u00e1kav\u00fdm reklamn\u00edm sloganem, nap\u0159\u00edklad \"Podpo\u0159te sv\u00e9 svaly\", jeho\u017e \u00fa\u010dinnou slo\u017ekou je citr\u00e1t ho\u0159e\u010dnat\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pokud se p\u0159ed u\u017eit\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpravku nepod\u00edv\u00e1te na drobn\u00e9 p\u00edsmo, budete nad\u0161eni nab\u00edzen\u00fdmi v\u00fdhodami a obsah s\u00e1\u010dku ihned zkonzumujete s p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00edm, \u017ee jste pro sv\u00e9 t\u011blo ud\u011blali n\u011bco dobr\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zutaten_und_Zusatzstoffe\"><\/span>Slo\u017eky a p\u0159\u00edsady<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nen\u00ed to jedno a tot\u00e9\u017e?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zutaten\"><\/span>Slo\u017een\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Podle n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho potravinov\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va jsou slo\u017eky na balen\u00fdch(!) potravin\u00e1ch povinn\u00e9 od 26. prosince 1983 - a\u017e na n\u011bkolik v\u00fdjimek - a zahrnuj\u00ed jednotliv\u00e9 slo\u017eky v sestupn\u00e9m po\u0159ad\u00ed podle hmotnosti a\u017e do 2 %, kter\u00e9 byly do potraviny p\u0159id\u00e1ny b\u011bhem v\u00fdrobn\u00edho procesu. Slo\u017eky s obsahem ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm ne\u017e 2 % v N\u011bmecku nepodl\u00e9haj\u00ed povinn\u00e9mu uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nedeklarovateln\u00e1 d\u00edl\u010d\u00ed slo\u017eka je slo\u017eka, kter\u00e1 nepln\u00ed (nebo p\u0159estala plnit) funkci. P\u0159\u00edklad: Karagenan se p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 jako emulg\u00e1tor pro sm\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed tuku s vodou, nap\u0159. do smetany. Ve \u0161pen\u00e1tov\u00e9m kr\u00e9mu je v\u0161ak smetana (emulgovan\u00e1 karagenanem) zpracov\u00e1na a nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt deklarov\u00e1na. Karagenan pou\u017eit\u00fd ve smetan\u011b ji\u017e splnil svou funkci ve smetan\u011b a ne (nebo ji\u017e ne) ve \u0161pen\u00e1tov\u00e9m kr\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nebo: Konzerva\u010dn\u00ed l\u00e1tky obsa\u017een\u00e9 v ovocn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpravku v jogurtu se rovn\u011b\u017e nemus\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u011bt, pokud konzervuj\u00ed pouze ovocn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpravek, ale nikoli jogurt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zusatzstoffe\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00eddatn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u0159\u00eddatn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky jsou l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 zjednodu\u0161uj\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00ed procesy a po\u017eadovan\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed barvu, chu\u0165, konzistenci nebo trvanlivost. V EU je registrov\u00e1no a povoleno p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 320 p\u0159\u00eddatn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek pod tzv. \u010d\u00edsly E. Jsou uvedeny v seznamu <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bvl.bund.de\/DE\/Arbeitsbereiche\/01_Lebensmittel\/03_Verbraucher\/05_Zusatzstoffe\/lm_zusatzst_node.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Aditivn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy<\/a> rozd\u011blena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Der_Teufel_im_Detail\"><\/span>\u010e\u00e1bel v detailu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ale jak u\u017e to tak b\u00fdv\u00e1, \u010f\u00e1bel se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 v detailech: seznam slo\u017eek obsahuje celou \u0159adu l\u00e1tek, kter\u00e9 nejsou nijak prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 a zdrav\u00ed prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9. Ve v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edkladu je E953 (<em>Isomalt<\/em>), E1400 (<em>Maltodextrin<\/em>), E952 (<em>Cyklam\u00e1t<\/em>), E954 (<em>Sacharin sodn\u00fd<\/em>), v\u0161echna um\u011bl\u00e1 sladidla a E101 (<em>Riboflavin<\/em>) jako barvivo. Ale tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed designov\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, jako je E202 (<em>Sorban draseln\u00fd<\/em>) vede k nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9mu podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed poko\u017eky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"E101_Riboflavin\"><\/span>E101 (riboflavin)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Riboflavin, zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako <em>Laktoflavin<\/em> zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako vitamin B, se na rozd\u00edl od p\u0159irozen\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00edho vitaminu B vyr\u00e1b\u00ed um\u011ble, a to i pomoc\u00ed genov\u00e9ho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mo\u017en\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost hlin\u00edku v um\u011ble vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fdch potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch barvivech je d\u016fvodem k obav\u00e1m, proto\u017ee m\u016f\u017ee naru\u0161it funkci st\u0159ev t\u00edm, \u017ee m\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00fd mikrobiom (st\u0159evn\u00ed bakterie), a t\u00edm oslabit imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m. M\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 podporovat rozvoj demence a zhor\u0161ovat plodnost ovlivn\u011bn\u00edm \u017eensk\u00fdch pohlavn\u00edch hormon\u016f (tzv. kovov\u00fd estrogen).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"E171_Titandioxid\"><\/span>E171 (oxid titani\u010dit\u00fd)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se jako um\u011bl\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edsada pod&nbsp;<em>E171<\/em>&nbsp;nebo&nbsp;<em>CI 77891<\/em>nebo&nbsp;<em>PW6<\/em>&nbsp;jako - b\u00edl\u00fd - barevn\u00fd pigment).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ve studii publikovan\u00e9 v \u010dasopise Nature v roce 2017 v\u011bdci z francouzsk\u00e9&nbsp;<em>N\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00fastav pro zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fd v\u00fdzkum<\/em>&nbsp;(INRA) uvedla, \u017ee krysy dost\u00e1valy po dobu 100 dn\u016f pitnou vodu obohacenou oxidem titani\u010dit\u00fdm. D\u00e1vka odpov\u00eddala d\u00e1vce, kterou \u010dlov\u011bk denn\u011b konzumuje prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm potravin nebo kosmetick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f. V\u00fdsledky studie uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee zpo\u010d\u00e1tku se tvo\u0159\u00ed nezhoubn\u00e9 n\u00e1dory, kter\u00e9 se nakonec vyvinou ve zhoubn\u00e9 n\u00e1dory.<br>Auto\u0159i zmi\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00fdsledky studie nelze nutn\u011b p\u0159en\u00e9st na \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Proto\u017ee velikost \u010d\u00e1stic oxidu titani\u010dit\u00e9ho m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 100 nm, je oxid titani\u010dit\u00fd propustn\u00fd i pro hematoencefalickou bari\u00e9ru. Vede k oxida\u010dn\u00edmu bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9mu stresu, vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9 reakce (chron. Plicn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.1008155107\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Zdroj:<\/a>&nbsp;ze dne 25. \u0159\u00edjna 2010) a je rovn\u011b\u017e schopen po\u0161kodit genetick\u00fd materi\u00e1l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u011bmeck\u00fd Spolkov\u00fd sn\u011bm (v\u011bdeck\u00e9 slu\u017eby) na n\u011bj reagoval pod \u010dj.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/resource\/blob\/557696\/9acba3e4bf8752b1507fae62ae6f2c5f\/wd-9---021-18-pdf-data.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WD 9 - 3000 - 021\/18<\/a>&nbsp;\"Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee mal\u00fd po\u010det studi\u00ed nazna\u010duje mo\u017en\u00e9 negativn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky na reproduk\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, EFSA doporu\u010duje prov\u00e9st dal\u0161\u00ed studie, kter\u00e9 by doplnily chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fadaje o mo\u017en\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dinc\u00edch na reproduk\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0278691520307043?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Studie<\/a>&nbsp;od prosince 2020 byly zkoum\u00e1ny potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00eddatn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky (barviva E171, E172, E174, E175 a protisp\u00e9kav\u00e1 l\u00e1tka E551) v nanorozm\u011brech a byla prok\u00e1z\u00e1na indukce gastro, jatern\u00ed a neurotoxicity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"E200_Sorbinsaure_E201Natriumsorbat_E202_Kaliumsorbat_E203_Calciumsorbat\"><\/span>E200 (kyselina sorbov\u00e1), E201 (sorban sodn\u00fd), E202 (sorban draseln\u00fd), E203 (sorban v\u00e1penat\u00fd).<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kyselina sorbov\u00e1, sorban sodn\u00fd, draseln\u00fd a v\u00e1penat\u00fd se vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed synteticky a pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se jako konzerva\u010dn\u00ed l\u00e1tky. Sorban draseln\u00fd se p\u0159irozen\u011b vyskytuje v nezral\u00fdch plodech je\u0159abin, zat\u00edmco kyselina sorbov\u00e1 se obecn\u011b vyskytuje v m\u0161ic\u00edch, je\u0159abin\u00e1ch a v\u00edn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se jako konzerva\u010dn\u00ed l\u00e1tky v l\u00e9c\u00edch, pomaz\u00e1nk\u00e1ch, datl\u00edch, ledov\u00e9m \u010daji, ke\u010dupu, kosmetick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpravc\u00edch, d\u017eemu, majon\u00e9ze, oliv\u00e1ch, remul\u00e1d\u011b, d\u017eusov\u00fdch st\u0159ic\u00edch, sirupu, s\u00f3jov\u00e9 om\u00e1\u010dce, tab\u00e1ku a v\u00edn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch okolnost\u00ed se sorban draseln\u00fd metabolizuje jako mastn\u00e1 kyselina. Proto\u017ee se v\u0161ak <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20036729\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Studie<\/a> Sevcan Mamur e.a. z roku 2009, \u017ee sorban draseln\u00fd m\u00e1 genotoxick\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek na lymfocyty a zp\u016fsobuje sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed diverzity st\u0159evn\u00ed fl\u00f3ry p\u0159i pokusech na zv\u00ed\u0159atech. Ve vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech byla pozorov\u00e1na tak\u00e9 p\u0159ecitliv\u011blost, nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00fdskyt kop\u0159ivky. P\u0159i vysok\u00fdch d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch byly in vitro prok\u00e1z\u00e1ny karcinogenn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed chemicky p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edpravku E201 (sorb\u00e1t sodn\u00fd) je v EU zak\u00e1z\u00e1no od roku 1998, proto\u017ee bylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt ke genetick\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"E_407_407a_Carrageen\"><\/span>E 407 \/ 407a (karagenan)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Karagenan se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako \u017eel\u00edruj\u00edc\u00ed\/zahu\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tka, nap\u0159. ve smetan\u011b, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo jej\u00edmu odd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed. Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se v t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 17 000 potravin\u00e1ch (E 407a v p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 80), a to i ve v\u00fdrobc\u00edch ur\u010den\u00fdch pro kojence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Karagenan, p\u0159\u00eddatn\u00e1 l\u00e1tka vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e1 z \u010derven\u00fdch \u0159as (Furcellariaceae, Gigartinaceae, Hypneaceae, Solieriaceae) nebo \u0159as Eucheuma (E 407a - Eucheuma cottonii a spinosum), je ze zdravotn\u00edho hlediska velmi kontroverzn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">EFSA nedoporu\u010duje pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed karagenanu d\u011btem do 3 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f a po\u017eaduje, aby \"byla objasn\u011bna z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e1 st\u0159evn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed u lid\u00ed\", stejn\u011b jako podez\u0159en\u00ed na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 riziko vzniku cukrovky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Karagenan existuje v r\u016fzn\u00fdch variant\u00e1ch (nap\u0159. \u03ba-(kappa-)karagenan, \u03b9-(iota-)karagenan a \u03bb-(lambda-)karagenan), kter\u00e9 mohou m\u00edt r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky, v\u010detn\u011b karcinogenn\u00edch (zejm\u00e9na ty s ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed molekulovou hmotnost\u00ed).<br>Obecn\u011b jsou povoleny pouze varianty s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed molekulovou hmotnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 v\u0161ak mohou obsahovat a\u017e 5 % variant s ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed molekulovou hmotnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Probl\u00e9m se zhor\u0161uje tr\u00e1ven\u00edm, proto\u017ee to m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159em\u011bnit ne\u0161kodn\u00e9 varianty na \u0161kodliv\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Obecn\u00e9 informace k tomuto t\u00e9matu naleznete v dokumentu&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/280020831_Carrageenan_A_review\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Studie<\/a>&nbsp;z dubna 2013 je shrnuta pom\u011brn\u011b obs\u00e1hle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V t\u00e9to studii je analyzov\u00e1n v\u00fdvoj chronick\u00fdch z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fdch st\u0159evn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, jako je Crohnova choroba a ulcer\u00f3zn\u00ed kolitida, zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch karagenanem ve spojen\u00ed s karboxymethylcelul\u00f3zou (CMC).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2017.00096\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Studie<\/a>&nbsp;o\u0161et\u0159eno. Tyto str\u00e1nky&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/13\/10\/3402\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Studie<\/a>&nbsp;v t\u00e9to souvislosti tak\u00e9 osv\u011btluje spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed alergi\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"E460_Mikrokristalline_Cellulose\"><\/span>E460 (mikrokrystalick\u00e1 celul\u00f3za)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mikrokrystalick\u00e1 celul\u00f3za (MCC) se pr\u016fmyslov\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako plnivo. Objev celul\u00f3zy&nbsp;<em>Anselme Payen<\/em>, francouzsk\u00e9ho chemika, poch\u00e1z\u00ed z roku 1838.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Dr. J. Seidemann<\/em>&nbsp;v roce 1976 varoval p\u0159ed touto l\u00e1tkou, kter\u00e1 pr\u00fd nen\u00ed v t\u011ble metabolizov\u00e1na, a proto se vylu\u010duje v nezm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 podob\u011b, proto\u017ee je \"persorbov\u00e1na\" (vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed velmi jemn\u00fdch nerozpustn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic st\u0159evn\u00edm epitelem).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rozd\u00edl spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v \"mikrokrystalick\u00e9m\". Je to proto, \u017ee b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 celul\u00f3za je ve skute\u010dnosti nestraviteln\u00e1 a tak\u00e9 se vylu\u010duje v nezm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 podob\u011b a ve stejn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed, v jak\u00e9m byla dod\u00e1na. Mikrokrystalick\u00e1 celul\u00f3za m\u00e1 naproti tomu velikost v \u0159\u00e1du nanometr\u016f, a proto m\u016f\u017ee proch\u00e1zet st\u0159evn\u00ed sliznic\u00ed a hematoencefalickou bari\u00e9rou. Proto\u017ee tyto \u010d\u00e1stice nemohou b\u00fdt v organismu metabolizov\u00e1ny, je t\u0159eba zpo\u010d\u00e1tku p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee v organismu z\u016fstanou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zat\u00edm se EFSA omezuje na doporu\u010den\u00ed, zda je MCC \"st\u0159edn\u011b\" nebo \"t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159\" rozpustn\u00fd v roztoku hydroxidu sodn\u00e9ho, jako je nap\u0159.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.efsa.europa.eu\/en\/efsajournal\/pub\/4699\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">zde<\/a>&nbsp;si m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst zde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm by m\u011bl b\u00fdt zak\u00e1z\u00e1n obsah MCC v d\u011btsk\u00e9 a kojeneck\u00e9 v\u00fd\u017eiv\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b byl pozorov\u00e1n reverzibiln\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011bt postihuj\u00edc\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dnou tk\u00e1\u0148 plic zp\u016fsoben\u00fd MCC.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1569904808002206\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Studie<\/a>&nbsp;pops\u00e1no.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V t\u00e9to studii byly prok\u00e1z\u00e1ny pozitivn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky MCC p\u0159i l\u00e9\u010db\u011b alkalick\u00e9 gastritidy u \u017elu\u010dov\u00e9ho refluxu.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/med\/9412131\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Studie<\/a>&nbsp;osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"E551_Siliciumdioxid\"><\/span>E551 (oxid k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00fd)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Oxid k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00fd se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako uvol\u0148ovac\u00ed \u010dinidlo nebo protisp\u00e9kav\u00e1 l\u00e1tka v potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu a tak\u00e9 v dopl\u0148c\u00edch stravy (potravinov\u00fdch dopl\u0148c\u00edch), aby se zabr\u00e1nilo shlukov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Oxid k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00fd je podez\u0159el\u00fd z vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed st\u0159evn\u00edch z\u00e1n\u011bt\u016f, proto\u017ee ve st\u0159ev\u011b uvol\u0148uje z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u011b reaktivn\u00ed procesy. A\u010dkoli to v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd t\u00fdm veden\u00fd panem Hanspeterem N\u00e4gelim z Cury\u0161sk\u00e9 univerzity prok\u00e1zal pouze v laboratorn\u00edch testech na dendritick\u00fdch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch my\u0161\u00ed, studie t\u011bchto \u00fa\u010dink\u016f na \u010dlov\u011bka teprve \u010dekaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Oxid k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00fd nav\u00edc nen\u00ed v t\u011ble metabolizov\u00e1n a ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 se v org\u00e1nech. Mimo jin\u00e9 vede k z\u00e1n\u011bt\u016fm, zp\u016fsobuje poruchy bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho metabolismu a vede k p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9mu st\u00e1rnut\u00ed bun\u011bk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Proklamovan\u00e1 ne\u0161kodnost oxidu k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00e9ho by m\u011bla b\u00fdt p\u0159ehodnocena, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1\u00a0<em>Hanspeter N\u00e4geli<\/em>\u00a0z Institutu veterin\u00e1rn\u00ed farmakologie a toxikologie na univerzit\u011b v Curychu v z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 bro\u017eu\u0159e N\u00e1rodn\u00edho v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho programu NRP 64.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.snf.ch\/media\/de\/WZHgU3CXDj9IKQqK\/Schlussbroschuere_NFP64_D.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\"P\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti a rizika nanomateri\u00e1l\u016f\"<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"E572_Magnesiumstearat\"><\/span>E572 (stearan ho\u0159e\u010dnat\u00fd)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Stearan ho\u0159e\u010dnat\u00fd je s\u016fl kyseliny stearov\u00e9, kter\u00e1 se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z 96 % kyseliny stearov\u00e9 a 4 % ho\u0159\u010d\u00edku. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se jako superplastik\u00e1tor\/uvol\u0148ovac\u00ed \u010dinidlo. Stearan ho\u0159e\u010dnat\u00fd se v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b nevyskytuje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mezi \u0161kodliv\u00e9 vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky pat\u0159\u00ed oslaben\u00ed imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu a zhor\u0161en\u00e9 vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch l\u00e1tek a \u017eivin obecn\u011b. Alergizuj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek byl prok\u00e1z\u00e1n u&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23241129\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">zde<\/a>&nbsp;v\u00fd\u0161e popsan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"E952_Cyclamat\"><\/span>E952 (cyklam\u00e1t)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cyklam\u00e1t je tak\u00e9 um\u011ble vyroben\u00e1 designov\u00e1 l\u00e1tka, kter\u00e1 se nemetabolizuje, ale vylu\u010duje se v nezm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 podob\u011b ledvinami. To vede ke kontaminaci pitn\u00e9 vody. Pokusy uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee my\u0161i po po\u017eit\u00ed cyklam\u00e1tu v pitn\u00e9 vod\u011b p\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00ed na v\u00e1ze.<br>Pokusy na zv\u00ed\u0159atech nicm\u00e9n\u011b prok\u00e1zaly zm\u011bny ve slo\u017een\u00ed bakteri\u00ed ve st\u0159ev\u011b. Cyklam\u00e1t je v n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch zak\u00e1z\u00e1n kv\u016fli podez\u0159en\u00ed na karcinogenn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"E953_Isomalt\"><\/span>E953 (Isomalt)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Isomalt se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed z cukru pro dom\u00e1cnost, je klasifikov\u00e1n jako designov\u00e9 sladidlo a m\u016f\u017ee se pou\u017e\u00edvat v potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu bez omezen\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00edho mno\u017estv\u00ed. Proto\u017ee s\u00e1m o sob\u011b nedok\u00e1\u017ee vytvo\u0159it dostate\u010dnou sladivost, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se v kombinaci s jin\u00fdmi um\u011bl\u00fdmi sladidly.<br>Proto\u017ee isomalt m\u016f\u017ee ve velk\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed zp\u016fsobit pr\u016fjem, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt potravina ozna\u010dena slovy \"P\u0159i nadm\u011brn\u00e9 konzumaci m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt proj\u00edmav\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"E954_Natriumsaccharin\"><\/span>E954 (sacharin sodn\u00fd)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Obsah sacharinu sodn\u00e9ho je v podstat\u011b toto\u017en\u00fd s v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdm. Limitn\u00ed hodnota pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v potravin\u00e1ch je mezi 80 mg a 3 g na kilogram. V\u00fdskyt kop\u0159ivky p\u0159edstavuje zdravotn\u00ed probl\u00e9m. Sacharin a acesulfam K byly rovn\u011b\u017e klasifikov\u00e1ny jako spou\u0161t\u011b\u010de po\u0161kozen\u00ed DNA. Jejich genotoxicita je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u aspartamu.<br>Pokud jde o zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odpadn\u00edch vod, je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee dosud \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 \u010dist\u00edrna odpadn\u00edch vod nen\u00ed schopna toto um\u011bl\u00e9 sladidlo odstranit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"E967_Xylit_Birkenzucker\"><\/span>E967 (xylitol \/ b\u0159ezov\u00fd cukr)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u0159ezov\u00fd cukr, zn\u00e1m\u00fd pod r\u016fzn\u00fdmi n\u00e1zvy, jako je xylitol, xylitol, pentanpentol (<em>2R,3r,4S)-Pentan-1,2,3,4,5-pentol<\/em> \/ <em>xylo-1,2,3,4,5-pentanpentol<\/em>) slou\u017e\u00ed jako n\u00e1hra\u017eka cukru a nen\u00ed \u0159azen mezi sacharidy jako cukr, ale mezi cukern\u00e9 alkoholy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mus\u00ed b\u00fdt ozna\u010dena v potravin\u00e1ch s obsahem vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm ne\u017e 10 % (p\u0159i nadm\u011brn\u00e9 konzumaci m\u00e1 proj\u00edmav\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek), proto\u017ee m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit plynatost a pr\u016fjem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nav\u00edc stejn\u011b jako u sorbitolu, podobn\u00e9ho cukern\u00e9ho alkoholu, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k jejich fermentaci st\u0159evn\u00edmi bakteriemi, co\u017e vede jednak k v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdm ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edm \u00fa\u010dink\u016fm, ale tak\u00e9 k mo\u017en\u00e9 intoleranci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 studie v N\u011bmecku i v zahrani\u010d\u00ed ukazuj\u00ed na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed po\u010dtu tromb\u00f3z a infarkt\u016f u 60 % (viz tak\u00e9 E968), nap\u0159. studie z 07.2024. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38842092\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Xylitol je protrombotick\u00fd a je spojen s kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edm rizikem.<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"E968_Erythrit_Erythritol\"><\/span>E968 (Erythritol \/ Erythritol)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Erythritol je stejn\u011b jako <em>Xylitol, sorbitol, manitol<\/em> je cukern\u00fd alkohol, a proto je t\u0159eba ho pova\u017eovat za stejn\u00fd, pokud jde o rizika a ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Studie ukazuj\u00ed stejn\u00fd probl\u00e9m, pokud jde o \u00fa\u010dinky na zdrav\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad americk\u00e1 studie z 02.2023 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-023-02223-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Um\u011bl\u00e9 sladidlo erythritol a riziko kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edhod<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"E1400_Maltodextrin\"><\/span>E1400 (maltodextrin)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Maltodextrin je um\u011ble vyroben\u00e1 designov\u00e1 l\u00e1tka a stejn\u011b jako cukr m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobovat zubn\u00ed kaz. Krom\u011b toho je glykemick\u00fd index 120 mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 70 u dom\u00e1c\u00edho cukru. M\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 v\u00e9st ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9mu riziku cukrovky, kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a dokonce i p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9ho \u00famrt\u00ed. P\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b se sladidlem sukral\u00f3zou (E955) m\u016f\u017ee maltodextrin podporovat obezitu. Studie na zv\u00ed\u0159atech prok\u00e1zaly chronick\u00e9 st\u0159evn\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011bty, jako je Crohnova choroba nebo ulcer\u00f3zn\u00ed kolitida.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jednou z variant je <em>odolnost v\u016f\u010di tr\u00e1ven\u00ed<\/em> Maltodextrin, kter\u00fd se v t\u011ble nevst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bioverfugbarkeit\"><\/span>Biologick\u00e1 dostupnost<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u0161ichni jsme to za\u017eili: sed\u00edte p\u0159ed uzav\u0159en\u00fdm bal\u00ed\u010dkem s\u00fdra nebo sal\u00e1mu a nem\u016f\u017eete ho otev\u0159\u00edt!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Podobn\u00fd osud postihuje organismus i u r\u016fzn\u00fdch potravinov\u00fdch dopl\u0148k\u016f. U\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te je, ale t\u011blo je dok\u00e1\u017ee vst\u0159ebat a zpracovat jen \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby se u\u017e\u00edvaly pouze takov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravky, kter\u00e9 jsou pro t\u011blo pln\u011b a rychle dostupn\u00e9 k vyu\u017eit\u00ed, tj. biologick\u00e1 dostupnost ozna\u010duje rozsah a rychlost, s jakou je \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 l\u00e1tka dostupn\u00e1 v krevn\u00edm ob\u011bhu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Der_Wirkstoff_Magnesium-Citrat\"><\/span>\u00da\u010dinn\u00e1 l\u00e1tka: citr\u00e1t ho\u0159e\u010dnat\u00fd<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nyn\u00ed je zde nab\u00edzena forma ho\u0159\u010d\u00edku, a to citr\u00e1t ho\u0159e\u010dnat\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V p\u0159\u00edpravc\u00edch s ho\u0159\u010d\u00edkem se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm tyto slou\u010deniny:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>S\u00edran ho\u0159e\u010dnat\u00fd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Oxid ho\u0159e\u010dnat\u00fd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Taur\u00e1t ho\u0159e\u010dnat\u00fd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Citr\u00e1t ho\u0159e\u010dnat\u00fd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mal\u00e1t ho\u0159e\u010dnat\u00fd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pokud se n\u011bkdo sna\u017e\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29679349\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Studie<\/a> Pokud jde o biologickou dostupnost ho\u0159\u010d\u00edku, zjistilo se, \u017ee citr\u00e1t ho\u0159e\u010dnat\u00fd a oxid ho\u0159e\u010dnat\u00fd maj\u00ed nejhor\u0161\u00ed biologickou dostupnost, zat\u00edmco nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed dostupnost zaji\u0161\u0165uje mal\u00e1t ho\u0159e\u010dnat\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Fazit\"><\/span>Z\u00e1v\u011br<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00eddatn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky a dopl\u0148ky stravy p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed pro v\u00fdrobce ekonomicky zaj\u00edmavou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed prodeje. Ve spojen\u00ed s \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdm marketingem je lze v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo uv\u011b\u0159\u00ed neov\u011b\u0159en\u00fdm reklamn\u00edm tvrzen\u00edm, rychle napln\u00ed aspirace spole\u010dnosti, ale m\u00e1lokdy p\u0159isp\u011bje ke sv\u00e9mu zdrav\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Proto je vhodn\u00e9 se na t\u00e9ma dopl\u0148k\u016f stravy pod\u00edvat bl\u00ed\u017ee a pou\u017e\u00edvat pouze produkty, kter\u00e9 jsou skute\u010dn\u011b bez jak\u00fdchkoli p\u0159\u00eddatn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek a slo\u017eek, kter\u00e9 nejsou zdrav\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00e9 a - v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b dopl\u0148k\u016f stravy - jsou vysoce biologicky dostupn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Doba \u010dten\u00ed<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 7<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minuty<\/span><\/span>Spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 cht\u011bj\u00ed, aby dopl\u0148ky stravy neobsahovaly p\u0159\u00eddatn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky. Pr\u016fmysl v\u0161ak r\u00e1d vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00fdrobn\u011b usnad\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed a ekonomicky optimalizuj\u00edc\u00ed vlastnosti r\u016fzn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00eddatn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, jako jsou barviva nebo sladidla, ve sv\u016fj prosp\u011bch. Ka\u017edou chv\u00edli m\u016f\u017eete v drogeri\u00edch, obchodn\u00edch domech nebo \u010dasopisech narazit na reklamn\u00ed let\u00e1ky se s\u00e1\u010dky se vzorky s l\u00e1kav\u00fdmi reklamn\u00edmi slogany, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad \"Podpo\u0159te sv\u00e9 svaly\" citr\u00e1tem ho\u0159e\u010dnat\u00fdm...&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">\u010c\u00edst d\u00e1le \"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Dopl\u0148ky stravy a p\u0159\u00eddatn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[354,1641],"tags":[1645,1488,1510,1479,1644,1730,1495,1560,1500,1486,1569,1649,1503,1504,1581,1646,1103,1652,1655,1492,1760,1759,1561,1562,1499,1573,1506,1654,1656,1653,1767,1489,1766,1566,1567,1497,1575,1577,1571,1570,1481,1485,1647,1578,1659,1476,1478,1660,1579,1565,1657,1762,1563,1650,1764,1484,1648,1564,1475,1474,1496,1661,1731,1733,1505,1734,1732,1658,1483,1498,1568,1472,1509,1643,1761,214,1490,1763,1494,1502,1642,1574,1501,1572,1580,1507,1491,1482,1487,1508,1765,1651,1480,1493,1477],"class_list":["post-4597","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-medizin-gesundheit","category-nahrungsergaenzungsmittel","tag-acesulfam-k","tag-adi","tag-allergen","tag-analysemethode","tag-aspartam","tag-bioverfuegbarkeit","tag-blut-hirn-schranke","tag-carrageen","tag-cellulose","tag-chronisch","tag-colitis-ulcerosa","tag-cyclamat","tag-darmepithel","tag-darmschleimhaut","tag-diabetes","tag-dna-schaeden","tag-durchfall","tag-e101","tag-e1400","tag-e171","tag-e201","tag-e202","tag-e407","tag-e407a","tag-e460","tag-e551","tag-e572","tag-e952","tag-e953","tag-e954","tag-eberesche","tag-efsa","tag-erbgutschaeden","tag-eucheuma-cottonii","tag-eucheuma-spinosum","tag-fortpflanzungssystem","tag-fuellstoff","tag-furcellariaceae","tag-gallenreflux","tag-gastritis","tag-gebrauchszweck","tag-genotoxisch","tag-genotoxizitaet","tag-gigartinaceae","tag-gykaemisch","tag-herstellerangaben","tag-herstellungsverfahren","tag-herz-kreislauf-erkrankungen","tag-hypneaceae","tag-iota-carrageen","tag-isomalt","tag-kaliumsorbat","tag-kappa-carrageen","tag-karzinogen","tag-konservierungsmittel","tag-krebserregend","tag-lactoflavin","tag-lambdacarrageen","tag-lebensmittel-zusatzstoffe","tag-lebensmittelzusatzstoffe","tag-lungenerkrankung","tag-magnesium-citrat","tag-magnesiummalat","tag-magnesiumoxir","tag-magnesiumstearat","tag-magnesiumsulfat","tag-magnesiumtaurat","tag-maltodextrin","tag-metabolismus","tag-mikrokristalline-cellulose","tag-morbus-crohn","tag-nahrungsergaenzungsmittel","tag-natriumhydroxidloesung","tag-natriumsaccharin","tag-natriumsorbat","tag-nebenwirkungen","tag-nem","tag-nesselsucht","tag-oxidativ","tag-persorbieren","tag-riboflavin","tag-rieselhilfe","tag-seidemann","tag-siliciumdioxid","tag-solieriaceae","tag-stearinsaeure","tag-titandioxid","tag-toxikologie","tag-toxisch","tag-trennmittel","tag-urticaria","tag-urtikaria","tag-verwendung","tag-zellstress","tag-zusammensetzung"],"modified_by":"Achim Goerner","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4597","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4597"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4597\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4597"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4597"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4597"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}