{"id":4800,"date":"2023-07-21T12:17:35","date_gmt":"2023-07-21T12:17:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/?p=4800"},"modified":"2025-08-03T07:17:15","modified_gmt":"2025-08-03T07:17:15","slug":"rozdily-v-kvalite-vody","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/","title":{"rendered":"Rozd\u00edly v kvalit\u011b vody"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Obsah<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/#Regenwasser\" >De\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1 voda<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/#Grundwasser\" >Podzemn\u00ed voda<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/#Trinkwasser\" >Pitn\u00e1 voda<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/#Mineralwasser\" >Miner\u00e1ln\u00ed voda<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/#Meerwasser\" >Mo\u0159sk\u00e1 voda<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/#Destilliertes_Wasser\" >Destilovan\u00e1 voda<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/#Osmose-Wasser\" >Osmotick\u00e1 voda<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/#Reinstwasser\" >Ultra\u010dist\u00e1 voda<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/#Hochreines_Wasser\" >Vysoce \u010dist\u00e1 voda<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/#Leitfahigkeits-Messung_TDS\" >M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vodivosti (TDS)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Doba \u010dten\u00ed<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minuty<\/span><\/span>\n<p>Aktualizov\u00e1no 14.07.2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rozd\u00edly v kvalit\u011b vody nejsou na prvn\u00ed pohled p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 patrn\u00e9. Nej\u010dast\u011bji se uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 klasifikace pitn\u00e9 vody, odpadn\u00ed vody, de\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9 vody, podzemn\u00ed vody, mo\u0159sk\u00e9 vody, miner\u00e1ln\u00ed vody a destilovan\u00e9 vody. Krom\u011b nich existuj\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed rozd\u00edly, nap\u0159\u00edklad miner\u00e1ln\u00ed voda, osmotick\u00e1 voda, \u010dist\u00e1 voda a ultra\u010dist\u00e1 voda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Za\u010dn\u011bme zm\u00ednkou o \"\u017eiv\u00e9 vod\u011b\", kter\u00e1 je v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b na vzestupu v reklam\u011b. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdrobci inzeruj\u00ed sv\u00e9 syst\u00e9my s tvrzen\u00edmi jako \"energizovan\u00e1\", \"bioenergetick\u00e1\" nebo \"energetick\u00fd modul\", kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed \"naprogramovan\u00e9 informace o p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed pramenit\u00e9 vod\u011b s vysok\u00fdm obsahem energie\" k obnoven\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00ed sv\u011b\u017eesti a vitality vody. Nep\u0159edkl\u00e1daj\u00ed v\u0161ak o tom \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy, kter\u00e9 by obst\u00e1ly p\u0159i \u010dist\u011b v\u011bdeck\u00e9m zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed, a odkazuj\u00ed na \"firemn\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed\" (kter\u00e9 by jist\u011b mohlo b\u00fdt chr\u00e1n\u011bno patentov\u00fdm pr\u00e1vem, pokud by spl\u0148ovalo patentov\u00e9 po\u017eadavky...).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mimochodem, \"\u017eiv\u00e1 voda\" je biblick\u00fd cit\u00e1t, nap\u0159\u00edklad v Janov\u011b evangeliu 4,14 \".<strong>Kdo se v\u0161ak napije vody, kterou mu d\u00e1m j\u00e1, nebude \u017e\u00edznit nav\u011bky, ale voda, kterou mu d\u00e1m j\u00e1, se v n\u011bm stane studnic\u00ed vody vyv\u011braj\u00edc\u00ed do v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/strong>\" nebo u Jana 7, 38 \"<strong>Kdo v\u011b\u0159\u00ed ve mne, jak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 P\u00edsmo, z jeho t\u011bla pote\u010dou \u0159eky \u017eiv\u00e9 vody.<\/strong>n.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nyn\u00ed k rozd\u00edl\u016fm mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi druhy vody, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1me k dispozici...<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Regenwasser\"><\/span>De\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1 voda<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>De\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1 voda je zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 ji\u017e p\u0159i de\u0161ti z mrak\u016f, proto\u017ee krom\u011b prachov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic obsahuje tak\u00e9 termicky (rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 se a\u017e p\u0159i teplot\u00e1ch nad 400 \u00b0C) a chemicky vysoce stabiln\u00ed per- a polyfluorovan\u00e9 alkylov\u00e9 slou\u010deniny (PFAS), z nich\u017e mnoh\u00e9 nelze odbourat, ale hromad\u00ed se v lidsk\u00fdch a zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edch tk\u00e1n\u00edch. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V oblastech s pitnou vodou kontaminovanou PFAS je zaznamen\u00e1n statisticky v\u00fdznamn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, jako je diabetes mellitus, cerebrovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, Alzheimerova choroba, infarkty a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00famrtnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto\u017ee tyto slou\u010deniny lze v \u010dist\u00edrn\u00e1ch odpadn\u00edch vod rozlo\u017eit pouze ne\u00fapln\u011b, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se pro PFAS s dlouh\u00fdm \u0159et\u011bzcem aktivn\u00ed uhl\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po\u017eadovan\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 kontaminace PFAS je 100 ng\/l, zat\u00edmco 300 ng\/l je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za \"p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 pro \u017eivot\". Pitn\u00e1 voda se ji\u017e nepova\u017euje za pou\u017eitelnou nad 5 \u03bcg\/l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1 voda m\u00e1 vodivost p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 30 \u03bcS\/cm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Grundwasser\"><\/span>Podzemn\u00ed voda<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Podzemn\u00ed vody jsou kontaminov\u00e1ny ve vod\u011b rozpustn\u00fdmi a kapaln\u00fdmi slo\u017ekami nekontrolovan\u011b skladovan\u00fdch odpad\u016f, odpadn\u00edmi vodami z net\u011bsnost\u00ed kanaliza\u010dn\u00edho potrub\u00ed, odvodn\u011bn\u00edm silnic (nap\u0159. ot\u011bry pneumatik, odmrazovac\u00edmi solemi), hnojivy a pesticidy, pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdmi a obchodn\u00edmi odpadn\u00edmi vodami, miner\u00e1ln\u00edmi oleji atd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zejm\u00e9na zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dusi\u010dnany p\u0159edstavuje velk\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed riziko: Dokonce i dlouhodob\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vody s obsahem v\u00edce ne\u017e 16,75 mg\/l zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee se v n\u00ed vyskytuje <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ijc.31306\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Riziko<\/a> v\u00fdrazn\u011b zvy\u0161uje riziko vzniku rakoviny st\u0159ev.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Trinkwasser\"><\/span>Pitn\u00e1 voda<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kvalita pitn\u00e9 vody je charakterizov\u00e1na p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed ne\u010distot v n\u00ed. <em>Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o pitn\u00e9 vod\u011b (TrinkwV)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dvgw.de\/medien\/dvgw\/wasser\/verordnung\/trinkwasserverordnung-2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Spolkov\u00e1 sb\u00edrka z\u00e1kon\u016f 159\/2023<\/a> definov\u00e1na 24. \u010dervna 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Slo\u017een\u00ed a mezn\u00ed hodnoty naleznete ve v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9m na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vodivost (parametr pro sou\u010det v\u0161ech obsa\u017een\u00fdch l\u00e1tek) pitn\u00e9 vody je v N\u011bmecku stanovena na mezn\u00ed hodnotu 2,79 mS\/cm (mili-siemens na centimetr).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mineralwasser\"><\/span>Miner\u00e1ln\u00ed voda<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <em>Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed miner\u00e1ln\u00ed vod\u011b, pramenit\u00e9 vod\u011b a stoln\u00ed vod\u011b<\/em> (<a href=\"https:\/\/gesetze-im-internet.de\/min_tafelwv\/BJNR010360984.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka o miner\u00e1ln\u00edch a stoln\u00edch vod\u00e1ch<\/a>) upravuje terminologii, v\u010detn\u011b obsahu (limitn\u00ed hodnoty) p\u0159irozen\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00edch slo\u017eek v p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed miner\u00e1ln\u00ed vod\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed platn\u00e9 od 1. ledna 2006 bylo 1. ledna 2008 zm\u011bn\u011bno tak, aby obsahovalo mezn\u00ed hodnoty pro fluoridy. Hodnota pro nikl byla sn\u00ed\u017eena z 0,05 na 0,02 mg\/l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed tabulka obsahuje srovn\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1konem stanoven\u00fdch limitn\u00edch hodnot pro slo\u017eky v pitn\u00e9 a miner\u00e1ln\u00ed vod\u011b. Hodnoty v z\u00e1vork\u00e1ch v tabulce p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed limitn\u00ed hodnoty platn\u00e9 od roku 2028 nebo 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-14\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-14\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-14-description\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Komponenty<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Mezn\u00ed hodnota TrinkwV<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Limit min\/tableWV<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">Hrani\u010dn\u00ed f. Kojenci<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Antimon<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,005 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,005 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Arsen<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,010 (0,004) mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,010 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">&lt;0,05 mg\/l.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Barium<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">1,0 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Olovo<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,01 (0,005) mg\/ltr.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,010 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Borat<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">30,0 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Chrome<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,025 (0,005) mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,050 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Fluorid<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">1,5 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">5,0 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">&lt;0,7 mg\/l.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Kadmium<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,003 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,003 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-10\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">M\u011b\u010f<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">2,0 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">1,0 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-11\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Mangan<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,05 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,5 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">&lt;0,05 mg\/l.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-12\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Sod\u00edk<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">200,0 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">&lt; 20,0 mg\/l (n\u00edzk\u00fd obsah sod\u00edku)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-13\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Nikl<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,020 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,020 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-14\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Dusi\u010dnany<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">50 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">50 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">&lt;10,0 mg\/l.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-15\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Dusitany<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,5 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,1 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">&lt;0,02 mg\/l.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-16\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Rtu\u0165<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,0010 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,0010 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-17\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Selen<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,010 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,010 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-18\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">S\u00edran<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">250 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">&lt;240,0 mg\/l.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-19\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Uran<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,01 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">&lt;0,02 mg\/l.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-20\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Kyanid<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,050 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,070 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<span id=\"tablepress-14-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-14\"><\/span>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdrobci takzvan\u00fdch \"\u017eiv\u00fdch pramenit\u00fdch vod\" (nebo podobn\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f) se odvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed na obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b \u0161patn\u00e9 vlastnosti miner\u00e1ln\u00edch vod, kter\u00e9 \u010dasto nespl\u0148uj\u00ed ani po\u017eadavky vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky o pitn\u00e9 vod\u011b. Anal\u00fdzy nejsou aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed a informace na etiket\u00e1ch proto nemus\u00ed odr\u00e1\u017eet skute\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fadaje o obsahu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry jsou takov\u00e1 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed obhajiteln\u00e1 z hlediska pr\u00e1va hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee a zejm\u00e9na zda jsou p\u0159esn\u00e1, lze rychle objasnit kr\u00e1tkou korespondenc\u00ed s p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdm v\u00fdrobcem. V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b byste se nem\u011bli nechat zm\u00e1st a m\u011bli byste si sami prov\u011b\u0159it, zda se nejedn\u00e1 o ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed kupuj\u00edc\u00edch ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edm sm\u011brem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Meerwasser\"><\/span>Mo\u0159sk\u00e1 voda<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Mo\u0159sk\u00e1 voda se vyzna\u010duje pom\u011brn\u011b vysok\u00fdm obsahem soli, v pr\u016fm\u011bru 3,5 %. Baltsk\u00e9 mo\u0159e s 0,2-2 % m\u00e1 prakticky n\u00edzk\u00fd obsah soli ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s Mrtv\u00fdm mo\u0159em s 28 %. Jeho pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 vodivost je 56 mS\/cm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na odsolov\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9 vody sni\u017euj\u00ed obsah soli na minimum vhodn\u00e9 k pit\u00ed p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm hydrogenuhli\u010ditanu v\u00e1penat\u00e9ho. Proto\u017ee odsolov\u00e1n\u00ed je energeticky velmi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd proces, \u010dasto se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 odpadn\u00ed teplo z jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren (tak\u00e9 na lod\u00edch, letadlov\u00fdch lod\u00edch nebo jadern\u00fdch ponork\u00e1ch), ale tak\u00e9 z uheln\u00fdch, plynov\u00fdch nebo ropn\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Destilliertes_Wasser\"><\/span>Destilovan\u00e1 voda<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Destilovan\u00e1 voda se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed odpa\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm a n\u00e1slednou kondenzac\u00ed za pou\u017eit\u00ed velmi vysok\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed energie. T\u00edm se z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti odstran\u00ed soli, organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky a mikroorganismy. Jej\u00ed vodivost je pouze 0,5 - 5,5 \u00b5S\/cm (mikrosiemens na centimetr).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00edcen\u00e1sobn\u011b destilovan\u00e1 voda je nab\u00edzena ve dvojit\u00fdch nebo trojit\u00fdch destil\u00e1tech a uchov\u00e1v\u00e1na v k\u0159emenn\u00fdch nebo platinov\u00fdch n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch, proto\u017ee stopy oxidu k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00e9ho by se p\u0159i varu rozpou\u0161t\u011bly ze sklen\u011bn\u00fdch n\u00e1dob, a t\u00edm kontaminovaly destil\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Osmose-Wasser\"><\/span>Osmotick\u00e1 voda<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Voda ze syst\u00e9mu reverzn\u00ed osm\u00f3zy je n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t filtrov\u00e1na a\u017e na 0,02 \u00b5m a dosahuje vodivosti 1 - 50 \u00b5S\/cm. <br>Obecn\u011b se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee syst\u00e9m reverzn\u00ed osm\u00f3zy dosahuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10 % hodnoty vodivosti dostupn\u00e9 na vstupn\u00ed stran\u011b.<br>P\u0159esto\u017ee reverzn\u00ed osm\u00f3za nedosahuje stejn\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b \u010distoty jako destilovan\u00e1 voda, je pro v\u00fdrobu pitn\u00e9 vody hygieni\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reinstwasser\"><\/span>Ultra\u010dist\u00e1 voda<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ultra\u010dist\u00e1 voda se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed pomoc\u00ed siln\u011b alkalick\u00e9ho sm\u011bsn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se v pr\u016fmyslu, nap\u0159. v polovodi\u010dov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu. Jej\u00ed vodivost je 0,1 - 1 \u00b5S\/cm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hochreines_Wasser\"><\/span>Vysoce \u010dist\u00e1 voda<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Vysoce \u010dist\u00e1 voda se vy\u017eaduje nap\u0159\u00edklad v l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed, farmaceutick\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu a molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed biologii a vyr\u00e1b\u00ed se v syst\u00e9mech iontom\u011bni\u010d\u016f se sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fdm lo\u017eem. Vodivost je pouze 0,052 - 0,1 \u00b5S\/cm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Leitfahigkeits-Messung_TDS\"><\/span>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vodivosti (TDS)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ke stanoven\u00ed vodivosti r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f vody je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed konduktometr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b \u010dist\u00e9 funkce m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vodivosti nab\u00edzej\u00ed tyto p\u0159\u00edstroje tak\u00e9 stanoven\u00ed hodnoty TDS (<em>Celkov\u00fd obsah rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch pevn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek<\/em>) v ppm (<em>\u010d\u00e1stic na milion<\/em>). Tato hodnota poskytuje informace o rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch pevn\u00fdch l\u00e1tk\u00e1ch ve form\u011b iont\u016f, nap\u0159. kov\u016f, sol\u00ed, miner\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\"M\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje\", kter\u00e9 se \u010dasto vyskytuj\u00ed na \"sc\u00e9n\u011b\" v cen\u011b kolem 20 - 50 eur, je t\u0159eba pova\u017eovat p\u0159inejlep\u0161\u00edm za \"odhadovac\u00ed n\u00e1stroje\". Poskytuj\u00ed pouze hrub\u00fd odhad a nazna\u010duj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fd trend.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo v\u00e1\u017en\u011b stoj\u00ed o reprodukovatelnou a d\u016fv\u011bryhodnou nam\u011b\u0159enou hodnotu, se nem\u016f\u017ee vyhnout n\u00e1kupu p\u0159\u00edstroje, kter\u00fd je k dispozici jak v \"kalibrovan\u00e9\", tak v nekalibrovan\u00e9 verzi.<br>Kalibra\u010dn\u00ed certifik\u00e1t nakonec \"pouze\" uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edstroj poskytuje hodnotu, kter\u00e1 je p\u0159esn\u011b shodn\u00e1 s referen\u010dn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstrojem v centr\u00e1ln\u00edm rozsahu p\u0159i standardizovan\u00e9 teplot\u011b.<br>Nekalibrovan\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed tuto referenci nem\u00e1. M\u016f\u017ee proto zobrazovat hodnotu m\u00edrn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed nebo ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e tato referen\u010dn\u00ed hodnota.<br>Teplotn\u00ed kompenzace je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1, proto\u017ee m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u017edy elektronicky upraveno vzhledem k 25 \u00b0C, aby odpov\u00eddalo skute\u010dn\u00e9 hodnot\u011b a bylo v souladu s normou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee mus\u00ed b\u00fdt spln\u011bna dv\u011b minim\u00e1ln\u00ed krit\u00e9ria: funkce m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vodivosti a teploty. Pokud chcete je\u0161t\u011b zn\u00e1t hodnotu TDS, pot\u0159ebujete dopl\u0148kovou funkci m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed TDS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V nejp\u0159\u00edzniv\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jsme v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b na \u00farovni cca. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pce-instruments.com\/deutsch\/messtechnik\/messgeraete-fuer-alle-parameter\/leitfaehigkeitsmessgeraet-pce-instruments-leitfaehigkeitstester-pce-ph-25-det_5884810.htm?_list=kat&amp;_listpos=7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">390,- Euro<\/a>nebo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pce-instruments.com\/deutsch\/messtechnik\/messgeraete-fuer-alle-parameter\/leitfaehigkeitsmessgeraet-lutron-electronic-enterprise-co.-ltd.-leitfaehigkeitsmessgeraet-pce-phd-1-det_17447.htm?_list=kat&amp;_listpos=9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">530,- Euro<\/a> v\u010detn\u011b funkce TDS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proveden\u00ed platn\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vy\u017eaduje p\u0159esn\u00fd postup podle p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho n\u00e1vodu k obsluze, zejm\u00e9na pokud jde o \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed senzoru destilovanou vodou (DAB), kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 elektrickou vodivost &lt; 1,1 \u00b5S\/cm.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Doba \u010dten\u00ed<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minuty<\/span><\/span>Aktualizov\u00e1no 14.07.2024 Rozd\u00edly v kvalit\u011b vody nejsou na prvn\u00ed pohled p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 patrn\u00e9. Nej\u010dast\u011bji uzn\u00e1vanou klasifikac\u00ed je pitn\u00e1 voda, odpadn\u00ed voda, de\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1 voda, podzemn\u00ed voda, mo\u0159sk\u00e1 voda, miner\u00e1ln\u00ed voda a destilovan\u00e1 voda. Krom\u011b nich existuj\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed rozd\u00edly, nap\u0159\u00edklad miner\u00e1ln\u00ed voda, osmotick\u00e1 voda, \u010dist\u00e1 voda a ultra\u010dist\u00e1 voda. Na za\u010d\u00e1tku je t\u0159eba zm\u00ednit pojem \"\u017eiv\u00e1 voda\", kter\u00fd v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 reklamn\u00ed boom. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdrobci inzeruj\u00ed sv\u00e9 syst\u00e9my...&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">\u010c\u00edst d\u00e1le \"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Rozd\u00edly v kvalit\u011b vody<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[339,338],"tags":[2037,2038,2036,2032,2035,2021,1581,2018,2016,2030,1214,2023,2027,1413,2022,2024,2017,2019,1384,2029,2028,2026,2031,1668,2020,2034,2025,2013,2015,2014,587,584,2033,2011,2012],"class_list":["post-4800","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-umkehr-osmose","category-wasser-management","tag-aktivkohle","tag-alkylverbindung","tag-alzheimer","tag-belastung","tag-darmkrebs","tag-desilliertes-wasser","tag-diabetes","tag-entsalzung","tag-grundwasser","tag-halbleiterindustrie","tag-herzinfarkt","tag-hochreines-wasser","tag-ionentauscher","tag-leitfaehigkeit","tag-leitfaehigkeitsmessung","tag-medizin","tag-meerwasser","tag-meerwasserentsalzung","tag-messgeraet","tag-mischbett-system","tag-mischbettanlage","tag-molekularbiologie","tag-nitrat","tag-osmose-anlage","tag-osmose-wasser","tag-pfas","tag-pharmaindustrie","tag-regenwasser","tag-reinstwasser","tag-reinwasser","tag-trinkwasser","tag-umkehr-osmose","tag-verunreinigung","tag-wasser","tag-wasserqualitaet"],"modified_by":"Achim Goerner","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4800","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4800"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4800\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4800"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4800"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4800"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}