{"id":5777,"date":"2023-11-30T12:05:40","date_gmt":"2023-11-30T12:05:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/?p=5777"},"modified":"2024-01-12T15:58:15","modified_gmt":"2024-01-12T15:58:15","slug":"dsl-kabel-opticke-vlakno-nebo-co","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/11\/30\/dsl-kabel-glasfaser-oder-was\/","title":{"rendered":"DSL, kabel, optick\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna - nebo co?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Obsah<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/11\/30\/dsl-kabel-glasfaser-oder-was\/#Historie\" >Historie<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/11\/30\/dsl-kabel-glasfaser-oder-was\/#Festnetz-Technologien\" >Technologie pevn\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/11\/30\/dsl-kabel-glasfaser-oder-was\/#ISDN\" >ISDN<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/11\/30\/dsl-kabel-glasfaser-oder-was\/#VDSL\" >(V)DSL<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/11\/30\/dsl-kabel-glasfaser-oder-was\/#Kabel\" >Kabely<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/11\/30\/dsl-kabel-glasfaser-oder-was\/#Glasfaser\" >Sklen\u011bn\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/11\/30\/dsl-kabel-glasfaser-oder-was\/#Internet_unterwegs\" >Internet na cest\u00e1ch<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/11\/30\/dsl-kabel-glasfaser-oder-was\/#GSM_EDGE_UMTS_LTE_3G_4G_5G\" >GSM \/ EDGE \/ UMTS \/ LTE 3G, 4G, 5G<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/11\/30\/dsl-kabel-glasfaser-oder-was\/#StarLink\" >StarLink<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Doba \u010dten\u00ed<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 3<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minuty<\/span><\/span>\n<p>DSL, kabel, optick\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna, nen\u00ed to v\u0161echno kabel? - Ned\u00e1vno se m\u011b jeden mil\u00fd p\u0159\u00edtel zeptal, jestli si um\u00edm p\u0159edstavit obr\u00e1zek hory a vola? P\u0159esn\u011b tak se c\u00edtil t\u011bsn\u011b pot\u00e9, co jsem mu doporu\u010dil, aby si pro budouc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k internetu m\u00edsto DSL za\u017e\u00e1dal o kabelovou televizi. Kabel - jak\u00fd je v tom rozd\u00edl, DSL p\u0159ece tak\u00e9 b\u011b\u017e\u00ed po kabelu!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00edme v\u00e1m \u010dl\u00e1nek, kter\u00fd by m\u011bl doslova pohnout horami a vydl\u00e1\u017edit cestu p\u0159i rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 cest\u011b k internetu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Historie\"><\/span>Historie<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdo je\u0161t\u011b zn\u00e1 <a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Modem.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">P\u00edp\u00e1n\u00ed a cvrlik\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a> telefonn\u00edho sluch\u00e1tka v akustick\u00e9 spojce (<em>Dataphone 21D<\/em>) s 300 ... 2 400 bit\/s nebo modemy (<em>ELSA Microlink 24.4 TQV<\/em>) s rychlost\u00ed 28 800 bit\/s p\u0159i vol\u00e1n\u00ed na internet?<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Akustikkoppler_Modem-1024x375.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5782\" style=\"width:481px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Akustikkoppler_Modem-1024x375.png 1024w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Akustikkoppler_Modem-1536x562.png 1536w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Akustikkoppler_Modem-18x7.png 18w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Akustikkoppler_Modem-300x110.png 300w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Akustikkoppler_Modem-768x281.png 768w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Akustikkoppler_Modem.png 1691w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Po vyto\u010den\u00ed internetov\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla akustick\u00e1 spojka zachytila akustick\u00fd sign\u00e1l vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 stanice p\u0159es reproduktor telefonn\u00edho sluch\u00e1tka pomoc\u00ed vestav\u011bn\u00e9ho mikrofonu a n\u00e1sledn\u011b odeslala zp\u011bt t\u00f3nov\u00e9 sekvence p\u0159es reproduktor zabudovan\u00fd v akustick\u00e9 spojce a mikrofon v telefonn\u00edm sluch\u00e1tku. Data byla tedy p\u0159evedena na akustick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly a p\u0159enesena. B\u011bhem tohoto procesu nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 linku pou\u017e\u00edvat pro telefonn\u00ed hovory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Modem (<strong>Mo<\/strong>dulator-<strong>Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch<\/strong>odul\u00e1tor) byl p\u0159ipojen ke dv\u011bma link\u00e1m telefonn\u00edho kabelu vhodnou z\u00e1str\u010dkou do telefonn\u00ed z\u00e1suvky a t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem komunikoval p\u0159\u00edmo se vzd\u00e1lenou stanic\u00ed s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00edm a modulac\u00ed dat nosn\u00e9 frekvence a ode\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00edm a demodulac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00edch dat od nosn\u00e9 frekvence. To se tak\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011blo v\u00edce ne\u017e desetin\u00e1sobnou rychlost\u00ed, a\u017e 56 000 bit\/s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Postupem \u010dasu se modemov\u00e1 technologie stala v\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 m\u011bli st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1jem o data. D\u0159\u00edve se webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky skl\u00e1daly z blokov\u00e9 grafiky a textu, dnes se skl\u00e1daj\u00ed z obr\u00e1zk\u016f, vide\u00ed a textu. V d\u016fsledku toho vzrostla popt\u00e1vka po \u0161\u00ed\u0159ce p\u00e1sma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Festnetz-Technologien\"><\/span>Technologie pevn\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ISDN\"><\/span>ISDN<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>ISDN<\/em> (Integrated Services Digital Network) umo\u017enila propojit ob\u011b linky a zdvojn\u00e1sobit tak rychlost p\u0159enosu dat 2 x 64 000 bit\/s pomoc\u00ed dvou samostatn\u00fdch telefonn\u00edch linek a telefonn\u00edch \u010d\u00edsel. Pokud v\u00e1m sta\u010dila jedna linka, mohli jste volat p\u0159es druhou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"VDSL\"><\/span>(V)DSL<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00edho zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed bylo dosa\u017eeno <em>DSL<\/em> (Digital Subscriber Line) a znovu o <em>VDSL<\/em> (Very High Speed Digital Subscriber Line) dosahuje rychlosti a\u017e 400 Mbit\/s (400 000 000 bit\/s, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 6250kr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rychlosti ne\u017e kan\u00e1l ISDN).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kabel\"><\/span>Kabely<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Soub\u011b\u017en\u011b s v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdm v\u00fdvojem se kolem roku 1980 stala popul\u00e1rn\u00ed kabelov\u00e1 televize, kter\u00e1 umo\u017enila zprost\u0159edkovat rozhlasov\u00e9 a televizn\u00ed programy i na pozemsky nevhodn\u00fdch m\u00edstech pomoc\u00ed tzv. <em>Koaxi\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/em>-kabely (st\u0159edov\u00fd, jedno\u017eilov\u00fd, polotuh\u00fd m\u011bd\u011bn\u00fd vodi\u010d s okoln\u00edmi st\u00ednic\u00edmi f\u00f3liemi a opleten\u00edm). Pot\u00e9, co satelitn\u00ed televize zatla\u010dila kabelovou televizi do pozad\u00ed, uvolnily se kapacity, kter\u00e9 bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 v budoucnu vyu\u017e\u00edt pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k internetu, a bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 realizovat dod\u00e1vky s rychlost\u00ed a\u017e 1 000 Mbit\/s (co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 1 Gbit\/s).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Glasfaser\"><\/span>Sklen\u011bn\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Optick\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b postupn\u011b nahrazuj\u00ed kabelov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b a v sou\u010dasnosti nab\u00edzej\u00ed rychlost a\u017e 100 Gbit\/s. Zat\u00edmco ve v\u0161ech v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch technologi\u00edch se k p\u0159enosu pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 kabely, zde se sv\u011btlo p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed pomoc\u00ed optick\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken - t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 rychlost\u00ed sv\u011btla. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 dos\u00e1hnout je\u0161t\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed propustnosti dat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Internet_unterwegs\"><\/span>Internet na cest\u00e1ch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"GSM_EDGE_UMTS_LTE_3G_4G_5G\"><\/span>GSM \/ EDGE \/ UMTS \/ LTE 3G, 4G, 5G<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Mobiln\u00ed internet byl poprv\u00e9 dostupn\u00fd na p\u0159elomu stolet\u00ed se zaveden\u00edm syst\u00e9mu GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications). <em>EDGE<\/em> (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution) s rychlost\u00ed 256 kbit\/s. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159ineslo <em>UMTS<\/em> (univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed mobiln\u00ed telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m) <em>3G<\/em> s rychlost\u00ed 384 kBit\/s od roku 2007, n\u00e1sledovan\u00fd roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdm <em>UMTS<\/em> Standardn\u00ed <em>HSPA<\/em> s rychlost\u00ed 7,2 MBit\/s a <em>HSPA+<\/em> s rychlost\u00ed 42 bit\/s. S technologi\u00ed LTE (Long Term Evolution) 4G se rychlost p\u0159enosu dat zv\u00fd\u0161ila na neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdch 300 bit\u016f za sekundu.... 1 000 MBit\/s, v <em>5G<\/em> S\u00ed\u0165 s rychlost\u00ed a\u017e 1 500 MBit\/s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tyto p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9 technologie jsou v\u0161ak dostupn\u00e9 pouze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee je k dispozici odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed pokryt\u00ed mobiln\u00edmi telefony.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"StarLink\"><\/span>StarLink<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>StarLink nab\u00edz\u00ed pomoc v oblastech se \u0161patn\u00fdm nebo \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm pokryt\u00edm nebo na mo\u0159i prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm v sou\u010dasnosti p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 4 000 satelit\u016f ve v\u00fd\u0161ce 540 ... 570 km s rychlost\u00ed 150 ... 500 MBit\/s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jej\u00ed satelity z\u00e1sobuj\u00ed internetem t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny oblasti sv\u011bta. K p\u0159\u00edjmu jsou v\u0161ak zapot\u0159eb\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed ant\u00e9ny, kter\u00e9 jsou nastaveny na nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed dostupn\u00fd satelit a automaticky se sleduj\u00ed. Ant\u00e9ny pro pou\u017eit\u00ed ve vozidlech nebo na lod\u00edch p\u0159i cestov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a jsou nam\u00ed\u0159eny staticky k obloze.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Doba \u010dten\u00ed<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 3<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minuty<\/span><\/span>DSL, kabel, optick\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna, nen\u00ed to v\u0161echno kabel? - Ned\u00e1vno se m\u011b jeden mil\u00fd p\u0159\u00edtel zeptal, jestli si um\u00edm p\u0159edstavit obr\u00e1zek hory a vola? P\u0159esn\u011b tak se c\u00edtil t\u011bsn\u011b pot\u00e9, co jsem mu doporu\u010dil, aby si pro budouc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k internetu m\u00edsto DSL za\u017e\u00e1dal o kabelovou televizi. Kabel - jak\u00fd je v tom rozd\u00edl?&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/blog\/2023\/11\/30\/dsl-kabel-glasfaser-oder-was\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">\u010c\u00edst d\u00e1le \"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">DSL, kabel, optick\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna - nebo co?<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"[\"title\",\"meta\",\"thumbnail\",\"content\",\"tags\",\"comments\"]","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2039,345],"tags":[2703,2704,1702,2708,1604,2702,2705,2700,1549,2707,1366,2710,2706,725,2709,2711,2699,2701],"class_list":["post-5777","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-internet","category-kommunikation-lte","tag-3g","tag-4g","tag-5g","tag-akustikkoppler","tag-dsl","tag-edge","tag-glasfaser","tag-gprs","tag-gsm","tag-isdn","tag-kabel","tag-kabelfernsehen","tag-kupferkabel","tag-lte","tag-modem","tag-starlink","tag-umts","tag-vdsl"],"modified_by":"Achim Goerner","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5777","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5777"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5777\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5777"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5777"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5777"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}