{"id":7072,"date":"2024-04-05T19:28:39","date_gmt":"2024-04-05T19:28:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/?p=7072"},"modified":"2024-05-03T08:26:07","modified_gmt":"2024-05-03T08:26:07","slug":"inverter-og-aegte-sinusbolge","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/da\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/","title":{"rendered":"Inverter og \"\u00e6gte\" sinusb\u00f8lge"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Indholdsfortegnelse<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/da\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/#Sinus_%E2%80%93_Netzspannung\" >Sinusformet netsp\u00e6nding<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/da\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/#Sinus_%E2%80%93_APC_USV_Back_Pro_1500\" >Bihule - APC UPS Back Pro 1500<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/da\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/#Sinus_%E2%80%93_Victron_Multiplus_II\" >Sinus - Victron Multiplus II<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/da\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/#Messung\" >M\u00e5ling<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/da\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/#Vorgehensweise\" >Procedure<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/da\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/#Kalibrierung\" >Kalibrering<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/da\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/#Teilerverhaltnis_am_Tastkopf_einstellen\" >Indstil delingsforholdet p\u00e5 proben<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/da\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/#Oszilloskop-Einstellungen\" >Oscilloskopets indstillinger<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/da\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/#Unterschied_AC_DC_coupling\" >Forskel AC \/ DC-kobling<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/da\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/#Messung-2\" >M\u00e5ling<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">L\u00e6setid<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 3<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutter<\/span><\/span>\n<p>Inverter (<em>Engelsk<\/em>. invertere), is\u00e6r de \"billige\", annonceres ofte med en \"\u00e6gte\" sinuskurve. En \u00e6gte sinusb\u00f8lge er s\u00e6rlig vigtig for switching-str\u00f8mforsyninger. En mere eller mindre afrundet firkantet b\u00f8lge er et problem for komponenterne i switching-str\u00f8mforsyninger og kan endda \u00f8del\u00e6gge dem p\u00e5 lang sigt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En inverters effekt b\u00f8r ikke overstige 20 % af batterikapaciteten ved 12 V DC og 10 % ved 24 V DC. Eksempel: 1.000 W invertereffekt * 0,2 = 200 Ah batterikapacitet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sinus_%E2%80%93_Netzspannung\"><\/span>Sinusformet netsp\u00e6nding<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Netsp\u00e6ndingen er normalt 230 V ved en frekvens p\u00e5 50 Hz. Netfrekvensen betyder, at sp\u00e6ndingen veksler 50 gange i sekundet mellem sit minimum og maksimum omkring nullinjen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>F\u00f8lgende diagram viser sinuskurven for netsp\u00e6ndingen.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Sinus.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7076\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Sinus.png 800w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Sinus-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Sinus-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Sinus-768x461.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:34px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Det er bem\u00e6rkelsesv\u00e6rdigt, at m\u00e5leenheden er indstillet til 200 V (nederst til venstre i billedet). Derfor repr\u00e6senterer to kasser 400 V. Kurvens toppunkt repr\u00e6senterer <em>Effektiv v\u00e6rdi<\/em> den nominelle sp\u00e6nding p\u00e5 230 V og er visuelt lidt over halvanden kasse, svarende til omkring 300 V, eller pr\u00e6cis <em>325 V<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sinus_%E2%80%93_APC_USV_Back_Pro_1500\"><\/span>Bihule - APC UPS Back Pro 1500<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>APC er en anerkendt producent af UPS'er (uninterruptible power supplies), <em>Engelsk<\/em>. UPS). Det antages derfor, at disse genererer en korrekt sinusb\u00f8lge, is\u00e6r da de generelt bruges til at beskytte computere mod str\u00f8msvigt.<br>De har koblingstider p\u00e5 omkring 18 ms, hvilket er tilstr\u00e6kkeligt til at beskytte computerne mod en ukontrolleret nedlukning. B\u00e5de b\u00e6rbare og station\u00e6re computere arbejder med switching-str\u00f8mforsyninger.<br>Da de hovedsageligt drives med netstr\u00f8m, er driftstiden med UPS-brobygning n\u00e6ppe v\u00e6sentlig, og derfor er en tiln\u00e6rmet sinusb\u00f8lge acceptabel, selvom den - faktisk - ikke er \u00f8nskelig. S\u00e5 - desv\u00e6rre - leveres der ingen \u00e6gte sinuskurve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:34px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Pseudo_Sinus.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7075\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Pseudo_Sinus.png 800w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Pseudo_Sinus-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Pseudo_Sinus-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Pseudo_Sinus-768x461.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:0px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:34px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sinus_%E2%80%93_Victron_Multiplus_II\"><\/span>Sinus - Victron Multiplus II<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Inverteren <em>Victron Multiplus II<\/em> og dens sl\u00e6gtninge er designet til permanent str\u00f8mforsyning af forbrugere, herunder computere. Ligesom den ovenfor n\u00e6vnte APC UPS har de en lige s\u00e5 kort omkoblingstid, hvorfor de ogs\u00e5 kan fungere som UPS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Da dette, afh\u00e6ngigt af batterikapaciteten, kan v\u00e6re en faktisk permanent forsyning til switching-str\u00f8mforsyninger, er fokus her prim\u00e6rt p\u00e5 en faktisk - \u00e6gte - sinusb\u00f8lge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Messung\"><\/span>M\u00e5ling<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Hvis du selv vil m\u00e5le din inverters sinuskurve og har et oscilloskop, kan du tjekke reklamep\u00e5standene live.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:34px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>! - <strong>Opm\u00e6rksomhed - !<\/strong><br>Arbejde med sp\u00e6ndinger over 50 volt kan v\u00e6re livsfarligt, hvis de generelle sikkerhedsregler ikke overholdes.<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:34px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vorgehensweise\"><\/span>Procedure<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kalibrierung\"><\/span>Kalibrering<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Hver m\u00e5leindgang skal kalibreres og tilpasses den anvendte probe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oscilloskopet har en fast frekvensudgang til dette form\u00e5l. Efter tilslutning af BNC-stikket fra probehovedet til den \u00f8nskede m\u00e5leindgang tilsluttes probespidsen til \u00f8jet p\u00e5 den faste frekvensudgang og krokodillen\u00e6bbet til jordforbindelsen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Der er et lille hul p\u00e5 siden af probestikket, hvorigennem en plastikskruetr\u00e6kker, der f\u00f8lger med probespidsen, kan s\u00e6ttes ind, og et rent firkantet signal kan indstilles ved at dreje den lidt i den ene eller anden retning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Teilerverhaltnis_am_Tastkopf_einstellen\"><\/span>Indstil delingsforholdet p\u00e5 proben<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Oscilloskopets probe frig\u00f8res fra sin jordforbindelse (normalt udstyret med en krokodillen\u00e6b i enden). Kun selve probespidsen er n\u00f8dvendig.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proben skal kunne skifte fra <em>1 x<\/em> p\u00e5 <em>10 x<\/em> g\u00f8r dette muligt. Dette repr\u00e6senterer et divisionsforhold. Da 230 V har en samlet effektiv sp\u00e6nding p\u00e5 650 V (baseret p\u00e5 minimums- og maksimumsv\u00e6rdierne), men oscilloskopets signalindgange generelt kun er designet til maksimalt 400 Vp (spidsvolt), indstilles delingsforholdet til 10:1 ved at skifte til 10x. Derfor har m\u00e5leindgangen ikke 650 V, men 65 V, hvilket er inden for de tilladte sp\u00e6ndingsv\u00e6rdier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Oszilloskop-Einstellungen\"><\/span>Oscilloskopets indstillinger<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u00e5 oscilloskopet er indgangssp\u00e6ndingsomr\u00e5det indstillet til <em>200 V<\/em> , signalkobling til <em>AC<\/em> og divisorforholdet til <em>10 x<\/em> s\u00e6t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Unterschied_AC_DC_coupling\"><\/span>Forskel AC \/ DC-kobling<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00e5r du ans\u00e6tter <em>AC-kobling<\/em> DC-sp\u00e6ndingskomponenten fjernes, og kun AC-sp\u00e6ndingskomponenten vises.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00e5r du ans\u00e6tter <em>DC-kobling<\/em> DC-sp\u00e6ndingskomponenten bruges som offset for AC-sp\u00e6ndingskomponenten, og sidstn\u00e6vnte vises h\u00f8jere p\u00e5 y-aksen med dette bel\u00f8b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Messung-2\"><\/span>M\u00e5ling<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>F\u00f8rst bestemmes fasen ved hj\u00e6lp af en sp\u00e6ndingstester (skruetr\u00e6kker med gl\u00f8delampe, ogs\u00e5 kendt som en \"l\u00f8gnstift\"). Den tilsluttede probe forbindes til denne. Sinusb\u00f8lgesignalet vises.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nogle oscilloskoper giver ogs\u00e5 mulighed for at vise et overlay af alle m\u00e5lte v\u00e6rdier, der stammer fra det anvendte signal, som vist i f\u00f8lgende illustration:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:34px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Messdaten.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7078\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Messdaten.png 800w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Messdaten-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Messdaten-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Messdaten-768x461.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">L\u00e6setid<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 3<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutter<\/span><\/span>Wechselrichter (engl. Inverter), insbesondere die &#8222;preisg\u00fcnstigen&#8220; werden oft mit &#8222;echter&#8220; Sinus beworben. Ein echter Sinus ist insbesondere f\u00fcr Schaltnetzteile wichtig. Eine mehr oder weniger abgerundete Rechteckwelle macht den Bauteilen von Schaltnetzteilen zu schaffen und kann sie auf Dauer gar zerst\u00f6ren. Ein Wechselrichter sollte in seiner Leistung bei 12 V DC etwa maximal 20 %, bei&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/da\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">L\u00e6s mere \"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Inverter og \"\u00e6gte\" sinusb\u00f8lge<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1757,2878,3210,3209,1582],"tags":[839,429,3228,3229,3216,840,3224,3225,3217,1295,540,3226,3211,1289,3218,3215,3227,3214,2442,3212,3213,3221,3220,3223,3222,1583,430,519,529,3219],"class_list":["post-7072","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-elektrotechnik","category-messtechnik","category-ups","category-usv","category-wechselrichter","tag-ac","tag-apc","tag-bnc","tag-bnc-stecker","tag-coupling","tag-dc","tag-effektivspannung","tag-festfrequenz-ausgang","tag-gleichspannungs-anteil","tag-inverter","tag-kalibrierung","tag-messeingang","tag-multiplus","tag-multiplus-ii-2","tag-offset","tag-oszilloskop","tag-phase","tag-schaltnetzteil","tag-signal","tag-sinus","tag-sinuskurve","tag-spannungspruefer","tag-tastkopf","tag-teilerverhaeltnis","tag-teilungsverhaeltnis","tag-ups","tag-usv","tag-victron","tag-wechselrichter","tag-wechselspannungs-anteil"],"modified_by":"Achim Goerner","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7072","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7072"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7072\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7072"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7072"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7072"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}