{"id":12436,"date":"2026-01-25T13:10:33","date_gmt":"2026-01-25T13:10:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/?p=12436"},"modified":"2026-01-25T14:26:09","modified_gmt":"2026-01-25T14:26:09","slug":"darkfield-microscopy-dfm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/en\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/","title":{"rendered":"Dark-field microscopy (DFM)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/en\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Historie\" >history<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/en\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Studien_uber_wissenschaftlich_anerkannten_Einsatz_der_Dunkelfeld-Mikrokopie\" >Studies on the scientifically recognized use of dark-field microscopy<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/en\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Syphilis-Diagnostik_Primar-Syphilis\" >Syphilis diagnostics (primary syphilis)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/en\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Molekulare_vs_Dunkelfeldmikroskopie_bei_Syphilis\" >Molecular vs. dark field microscopy in syphilis<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/en\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Malaria-Detektion_durch_Dunkelfeldmikroskopie\" >Malaria detection by dark-field microscopy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/en\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Leptospirose-Diagnostik\" >Leptospirosis diagnostics<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/en\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Campylobacter-Enteritis_Diagnostik\" >Campylobacter enteritis diagnostics<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/en\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Bakterielle_Flagellen-Visualisierung\" >Bacterial flagella visualization<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/en\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Blutgefas-Visualisierung_in_der_Pathologie\" >Blood vessel visualization in pathology<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/en\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Hautmikrozirkulation_mit_Sidestream_Dark_Field_Imaging\" >Skin microcirculation with Sidestream Dark Field Imaging<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/en\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Dunkelfeldmikroskopie_nach_Enderlein\" >Dark-field microscopy according to Enderlein<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/en\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Die_Hypothese_%E2%80%A6\" >The hypothesis ...<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/en\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#und_der_Widerspruch\" >and the contradiction<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/en\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Therapeutischer_Ansatz_von_Enderlein\" >Enderlein's therapeutic approach<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/en\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Sanum-Therapie\" >Sanum therapy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/en\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Registrierung_gem_AMG\" >Registration according to AMG<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/en\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Qualitatskontrollpflicht\" >Quality control obligation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/en\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Nebenwirkungen\" >Side effects<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Reading time<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/span><\/span>\n<p>DFM is a technique for examining blood components and microorganisms that has been known since the 17th century.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is used clinically for the diagnosis of <em>Spirochetes<\/em> (gram-negative, spiral-shaped, actively moving <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC274447\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">bacteria<\/a>, how <em>Leptospires<\/em>, <em>Treponemas<\/em>) and Plasmodium species (<a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC272731\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Malaria parasites<\/a>), as well as for the detection of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/21\/4652\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">E.coli<\/a> in water samples and the malaria pathogen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another, but scientifically untenable, application is the so-called. <em>Vital blood analysis \/ dark-field microscopy according to Enderlein<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the following, the history of DFM will be presented, the areas of application scientifically proven by studies, as well as Enderlein's theory of the <em>Pleomorphism<\/em> and related information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Historie\"><\/span>history<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Antoni van Leeuwenhoek<\/em> (1632 - 1723, Dutch natural scientist and most important microscopist), <em>Robert Hooke<\/em> (1635 - 1703, English polymath) and <em>Christiaan Huygens<\/em> (1629 - 1695, Dutch astronomer, mathematician and physicist) were already using the DFM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Over the course of time, optics and techniques have been further developed so that DFM is now also available for stereo and scanning electron microscopy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Compared to normal microscopy (<em>Bright field<\/em>microscopy), in which the object to be examined is located in front of a light background, DFM is used for contrast-enhanced (without the use of staining techniques) imaging of transparent objects, including living objects, in front of a dark background.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Only the light deflected or scattered by the object is directed through the lens to the viewer's eye, making even the smallest particles visible. The prerequisite is an absolutely clean slide in order to prevent light scattering due to impurities and thus distortions of the object actually being viewed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Studien_uber_wissenschaftlich_anerkannten_Einsatz_der_Dunkelfeld-Mikrokopie\"><\/span>Studies on the scientifically recognized use of dark-field microscopy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Syphilis-Diagnostik_Primar-Syphilis\"><\/span><strong>Syphilis diagnostics (primary syphilis)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33268187\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Is dark-field microscopy still useful for the primary syphilis diagnosis in the 21st century?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Of 806 samples, 53.2% (429) were positive for DFM. 48% of the 429 patients had negative serologic tests, indicating that <em>DFM<\/em> one <em>Early detection<\/em> still enables <em>before serological tests become positive<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Molekulare_vs_Dunkelfeldmikroskopie_bei_Syphilis\"><\/span><strong>Molecular vs. dark field microscopy in syphilis<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7312206\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Molecular and Direct Detection Tests for Treponema pallidum Subspecies pallidum: A Review of the Literature, 1964-2017<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In patients with primary syphilis, the sensitivity and specificity of DFM compared to clinical diagnoses and laboratory findings were 75-100% and 94-100% respectively. In secondary syphilis, the sensitivity was 58-71% with 100% specificity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Malaria-Detektion_durch_Dunkelfeldmikroskopie\"><\/span><strong>Malaria detection by dark-field microscopy<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/jcm.17.5.717-721.1983\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dark-field microscopy for detection of malaria in unstained blood films<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The in various <em>Plasmodium species<\/em> pigment shows light scattering when blood smears are viewed using DFM. The technique offers the <em>Advantages of rapid diagnosis, increased sensitivity<\/em> and <em>Adaptability<\/em> for field work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Leptospirose-Diagnostik\"><\/span><strong>Leptospirosis diagnostics<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26068347\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">An evaluation of dark field microscopy, culture and commercial serological kits in the diagnosis of leptospirosis<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>None of the clinical samples showed positivity by DFM. The study concludes that DFM and culture have a <em>limited benefit<\/em> <em>at<\/em> the <em>Diagnosis of leptospirosis<\/em> with serology remaining the mainstay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Campylobacter-Enteritis_Diagnostik\"><\/span><strong>Campylobacter enteritis diagnostics<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/jcm.15.1.61-63.1982\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dark-field microscopy of human feces for presumptive diagnosis of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni enteritis<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 1,377 stool samples, the sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of the observation of Campylobacter motility were 36%, 99% and 62%, respectively. The <em>Sensitivity <\/em>was<em> highest<\/em>, when samples <em>within 2 hours<\/em> were examined (50%) compared to after 2 hours (28%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bakterielle_Flagellen-Visualisierung\"><\/span><strong>Bacterial flagella visualization<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC274447\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Examination of bacterial flagellation by dark-field microscopy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A method for the visualization of unstained bacterial <em>Flagella<\/em> is described by DFM. Since individual filaments can be seen, a genus such as <em>Salmonella<\/em> (peritrichously flagellated) are easily distinguished from polar flagellated genera such as <em>Pseudomonas<\/em> can be distinguished.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Blutgefas-Visualisierung_in_der_Pathologie\"><\/span><strong>Blood vessel visualization in pathology<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7341069\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dark-field microscopy enhances visibility of CD31 endothelial staining<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The visibility of the <em>Peroxidase-induced DAB protein precipitation<\/em> can be amplified using the DFM technique due to its ability to scatter light, making it easy to detect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hautmikrozirkulation_mit_Sidestream_Dark_Field_Imaging\"><\/span><strong>Skin microcirculation with Sidestream Dark Field Imaging<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20972572\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sidestream dark field imaging: the evolution of real-time visualization of cutaneous microcirculation and its potential application in dermatology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Sidestream Dark Field<\/em> (SDF) Imaging is the latest tool for the <em>Microcirculation research<\/em>. It represents a simple and non-invasive imaging technique with low costs, <em>good portability and high sensitivity <\/em>that delivers fine, well-defined images<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dunkelfeldmikroskopie_nach_Enderlein\"><\/span>Dark-field microscopy according to Enderlein<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Die_Hypothese_%E2%80%A6\"><\/span>The hypothesis ...<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><em>G\u00fcnther Enderlein<\/em> (1872 - 1968, German zoologist and entomologist) published over 500 articles on insect research and gained international recognition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Antoine B\u00e9champ (1816 - 1908, French chemist, physician and pharmacist) had previously developed the hypothesis of the <em>Phleomorphism<\/em>(multiformity). He had the idea that all animal and plant cells contained tiny granules (microzymes) from which pathogenic bacteria could develop under certain circumstances<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>During the First World War, Enderlein took up this hypothesis. Comparative morphological studies on bacteria led to the publication of his main bacteriological work in 1925 <em>Bactieria cyclogeny<\/em> as an attempt to define a new bacterial classification based on this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Based on Enderlein's idea that parasites, viruses and bacteria, as well as their further development, are dependent on the pH value of the blood, he founded the so-called <em>Cyclogeny of bacteria<\/em> (pH-dependent change in the shape of the bacteria). He described the entire development process with the term \u201ecyclode\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"und_der_Widerspruch\"><\/span>and the contradiction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Enderlein's hypothesis was already contradicted during his lifetime. So in 1931 from <em>Emmy Klieneberger <\/em>(1892 - 1985, German-British microbiologist - co-discoverer of the <em>Mycoplasma<\/em>) .<br>She wrote: <br><br>\u201e<em>G. Enderlein has established a systematic structure of a bacterial development cycle that is not based on faithful observations but rather on theoretical speculation. Enderlein's speculations must therefore be completely rejected, as they lack any basis in reality<\/em>\u201e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Ferdinand Cohn<\/em> (1828 - 1898, German bacteriologist and botanist - discoverer of endospores in bacteria) is regarded as the founder of modern bacteriology and the systematic classification of bacteria around 1870. <em>Monophormism<\/em>, the <em>Louis Pasteur<\/em> (1822 - 1895, French biochemist, chemist, microbiologist and physicist) and <em>Robert Koch<\/em> (1843 - 1910, German bacteriologist and physician) are still valid today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Therapeutischer_Ansatz_von_Enderlein\"><\/span>Enderlein's therapeutic approach<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Enderlein developed healing preparations as so-called isopathic remedies, similar to homeopathy \u201elike with like\u201c (simile principle), which are intended to cure diseases caused by pathogens using the same pathogen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sanum-Therapie\"><\/span>Sanum therapy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>He founded SANUM in 1933, today under <em>Sanum Kehlbeck<\/em> trading. He called his form of therapy <em>Sanum therapy<\/em>.<br>The Company <a href=\"https:\/\/sanum.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sanum-Kehlbeck<\/a> sells preparations manufactured according to homeopathic principles in D3 - D7 potencies (decimal dilutions; D7 = 1:10,000,000, corresponding to 1 part starting material to 99,999,999 parts water\/alcohol), which may be sold without proof of efficacy under EU law, including ampoules for injection, which also do not have a license under the German Medicines Act (AMG).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Registrierung_gem_AMG\"><\/span>Registration according to AMG<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>All preparations are only available according to <a href=\"https:\/\/dejure.org\/gesetze\/AMG\/38.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 38 AMG<\/a> registered, i.e. the manufacturer requires neither proof of therapeutic efficacy nor a statement of indications (areas of application). The preparations must therefore bear the imprint<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201eRegistered homeopathic medicinal product, <br> therefore without indication of a therapeutic indication\u201c<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>wear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Qualitatskontrollpflicht\"><\/span>Quality control obligation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The manufacturer is responsible for quality controls. In 2023, Sanum was forced to discontinue various injection solutions on 28.03., 06.04. and 14.04. due to contamination with visible particles. <a href=\"https:\/\/sanum.com\/service\/aktuelles\/detail\/chargenrueckruf-28032023-06042023-14042023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">recall<\/a>. The public announcement was made on 17.04.2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nebenwirkungen\"><\/span>Side effects<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>However, since there is no evidence of therapeutic effects (as of 01.2026), various side effects have been identified:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>70-year-old woman, took Notakehl D4 (3\u00d71 capsule daily) for 6 months, developed acute interstitial nephritis with renal failure (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aerzteblatt.de\/nachrichten\/49491\/Penicillin-Allergie-auf-homoeopathische-Arzneimittel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">source<\/a>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>39-year-old woman with albuminuria, hematuria and fever after Notakehl application (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bfarm.de\/SharedDocs\/Downloads\/DE\/Arzneimittel\/Pharmakovigilanz\/Risikoinformationen\/RisikoBewVerf\/m-r\/penicilliumhaltige-am-anhoerung.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">source<\/a>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Further cases of suspected lung reactions after taking Mucokehl D5, Nigersan D5 and Notakehl D7 (source as before)<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Reading time<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/span><\/span>Die DFM ist eine seit dem 17. Jahrhundert bekannte Technik der Untersuchung von Blutbestandteilen und Kleinlebewesen. Sie wird klinisch zur Diagnostik von Spiroch\u00e4ten (gramnegative, wendelf\u00f6rmige, sich aktiv bewegende Bakterien, wie Leptospiren, Treponemen) und Plasmodium-Arten (Malaria-Parasiten), sowie zur Detektion von E.coli in Wasserproben und des Malaria-Errregers angewandt. Eine andere, wissenschaftlich jedoch nicht haltbare Anwendung, ist die&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/en\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Read More \"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Dark-field microscopy (DFM)<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12436","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"modified_by":"Achim Goerner","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12436","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12436"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12436\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12436"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12436"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12436"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}