{"id":4800,"date":"2023-07-21T12:17:35","date_gmt":"2023-07-21T12:17:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/?p=4800"},"modified":"2025-08-03T07:17:15","modified_gmt":"2025-08-03T07:17:15","slug":"vandens-kokybes-skirtumai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lt\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/","title":{"rendered":"Vandens kokyb\u0117s skirtumai"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Turinys<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lt\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/#Regenwasser\" >Lietaus vanduo<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lt\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/#Grundwasser\" >Po\u017eeminis vanduo<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lt\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/#Trinkwasser\" >Geriamasis vanduo<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lt\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/#Mineralwasser\" >Mineralinis vanduo<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lt\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/#Meerwasser\" >J\u016bros vanduo<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lt\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/#Destilliertes_Wasser\" >Distiliuotas vanduo<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lt\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/#Osmose-Wasser\" >Osmoz\u0117s vanduo<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lt\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/#Reinstwasser\" >Ypa\u010d \u0161varus vanduo<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lt\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/#Hochreines_Wasser\" >Didelio grynumo vanduo<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lt\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/#Leitfahigkeits-Messung_TDS\" >Laidumo matavimas (TDS)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Skaitymo laikas<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minut\u0117s<\/span><\/span>\n<p>Atnaujinta 14.07.2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vandens kokyb\u0117s skirtumai i\u0161 prad\u017ei\u0173 n\u0117ra labai akivaizd\u016bs. Geriamasis vanduo, nuotekos, lietaus vanduo, po\u017eeminis vanduo, j\u016bros vanduo, mineralinis vanduo ir distiliuotas vanduo - tai da\u017eniausiai pripa\u017e\u012fstamos klasifikacijos. Be j\u0173, yra ir kit\u0173 skirtum\u0173, pavyzd\u017eiui, mineralinis vanduo, osmoso vanduo, grynas vanduo ir itin grynas vanduo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prad\u0117kime nuo \"gyvojo vandens\", kuris \u0161iuo metu i\u0161gyvena reklamos pakilim\u0105. Kai kurie gamintojai reklamuoja savo sistemas su tokiais teiginiais kaip \"energizuotas\", \"bioenergetinis\" arba \"energetinis modulis\", kuriuose naudojama \"u\u017eprogramuota nat\u016bralaus, didel\u0117s energijos \u0161altinio vandens informacija\", kad b\u016bt\u0173 atkurtas pirminis vandens gaivumas ir gyvybingumas. Ta\u010diau jie nepateikia joki\u0173 tai patvirtinan\u010di\u0173 \u012frodym\u0173, kurie atlaikyt\u0173 grynai mokslin\u012f tyrim\u0105, ir remiasi \"\u012fmon\u0117s paslaptimi\" (kuri, be abejo, gal\u0117t\u0173 b\u016bti saugoma pagal patent\u0173 teis\u0119, jei atitikt\u0173 patent\u0173 reikalavimus...).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Beje, \"gyvasis vanduo\" yra biblin\u0117 citata, pavyzd\u017eiui, Jono 4:14 \"<strong>O kas gers vandens, kur\u012f a\u0161 jam duosiu, netrok\u0161 per am\u017eius, bet vanduo, kur\u012f a\u0161 jam duosiu, taps jame vandens \u0161altiniu, tryk\u0161tan\u010diu \u012f am\u017ein\u0105j\u012f gyvenim\u0105.<\/strong>\" arba Jono 7, 38 \"<strong>Kas tiki mane, kaip pasakyta Ra\u0161te, i\u0161 jo k\u016bno tek\u0117s gyvojo vandens up\u0117s.<\/strong>n.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dabar apie skirtumus tarp \u012fvairi\u0173 mums prieinam\u0173 vandens r\u016b\u0161i\u0173...<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Regenwasser\"><\/span>Lietaus vanduo<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Lietaus vanduo u\u017eter\u0161tas jau tada, kai krinta i\u0161 debes\u0173, nes jame yra ne tik dulki\u0173 daleli\u0173, bet ir termi\u0161kai (suyra tik auk\u0161tesn\u0117je nei 400 \u00b0C temperat\u016broje) bei chemi\u0161kai labai stabili\u0173 per- ir polifluorint\u0173 alkil\u0173 jungini\u0173 (PFAS), kuri\u0173 daugelis nesuyra, bet kaupiasi \u017emoni\u0173 ir gyv\u016bn\u0173 audiniuose. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Teritorijose, kuriose geriamasis vanduo u\u017eter\u0161tas PFAS, statisti\u0161kai reik\u0161mingai padaug\u0117jo toki\u0173 lig\u0173 kaip cukrinis diabetas, cerebrovaskulin\u0117s ligos, Alzhaimerio liga, \u0161irdies priepuoliai ir padid\u0117jo mirtingumas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kadangi \u0161ie junginiai nuotek\u0173 valymo \u012frenginiuose gali b\u016bti suskaidyti tik nepilnai, ilg\u0173 grandini\u0173 PFAS atveju naudojama aktyvinta anglis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pageidautinas PFAS u\u017eter\u0161tumo lygis yra 100 ng\/l, o 300 ng\/l laikomas \"toleruotinu gyvybei\". Geriamasis vanduo nebelaikomas tinkamu naudoti, jei jo koncentracija vir\u0161ija 5 \u03bcg\/l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lietaus vandens laidumas yra apie 30 \u03bcS\/cm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Grundwasser\"><\/span>Po\u017eeminis vanduo<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Po\u017eeminis vanduo u\u017eter\u0161iamas vandenyje tirpiais ir skystais nekontroliuojam\u0173 sand\u0117liuojam\u0173 atliek\u0173 komponentais, nuotekomis, susidaran\u010diomis d\u0117l nuotek\u0173 vamzdyn\u0173 nesandarumo, keli\u0173 drena\u017eo (pvz., padang\u0173 dilimo, apled\u0117jimo drusk\u0173), tr\u0105\u0161\u0173 ir pesticid\u0173, pramonini\u0173 ir komercini\u0173 nuotek\u0173, mineralini\u0173 alyv\u0173 ir kt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ypa\u010d didel\u012f pavoj\u0173 sveikatai kelia tar\u0161a nitratais: Net ilgalaikis vandens, kurio koncentracija vir\u0161ija 16,75 mg\/l, vartojimas sukelia <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ijc.31306\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Rizika<\/a> labai padid\u0117ja rizika susirgti \u017earnyno v\u0117\u017eiu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Trinkwasser\"><\/span>Geriamasis vanduo<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Geriamojo vandens kokyb\u0119 apib\u016bdina priemai\u0161\u0173 buvimas <em>Geriamojo vandens potvarkis (TrinkwV)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dvgw.de\/medien\/dvgw\/wasser\/verordnung\/trinkwasserverordnung-2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Federalinis \u012fstatym\u0173 leidinys 159\/2023<\/a> apibr\u0117\u017eta 2023 m. bir\u017eelio 24 d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Informacija apie sudedam\u0105sias dalis ir ribines vertes pateikta pirmiau min\u0117tame reglamente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vokietijoje nustatyta, kad geriamojo vandens laidumo (vis\u0173 jame esan\u010di\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173 sumos parametro) ribin\u0117 vert\u0117 yra 2,79 mS\/cm (mili-siemens\u0173 centimetre).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mineralwasser\"><\/span>Mineralinis vanduo<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Svetain\u0117 <em>Potvarkis d\u0117l nat\u016bralaus mineralinio vandens, \u0161altinio vandens ir stalo vandens<\/em> (<a href=\"https:\/\/gesetze-im-internet.de\/min_tafelwv\/BJNR010360984.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Nutarimas d\u0117l mineralinio ir stalo vandens<\/a>) reglamentuoja terminologij\u0105, \u012fskaitant nat\u016braliai gamtoje esan\u010di\u0173 komponent\u0173 kiek\u012f (ribin\u0119 vert\u0119) nat\u016braliame mineraliniame vandenyje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nuo 2006 m. sausio 1 d. galiojantis reglamentas buvo i\u0161 dalies pakeistas 2008 m. sausio 1 d., \u012ftraukiant fluorido ribines vertes. Nikelio ribin\u0117 vert\u0117 suma\u017einta nuo 0,05 iki 0,02 mg\/l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toliau pateiktoje lentel\u0117je palyginamos teis\u0117s aktais nustatytos geriamojo vandens ir mineralinio vandens sudedam\u0173j\u0173 dali\u0173 ribin\u0117s vert\u0117s. Lentel\u0117je skliausteliuose nurodytos vert\u0117s rei\u0161kia ribines vertes, taikomas nuo 2028 arba 2030 m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-14\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-14\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-14-description\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Komponentai<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Ribin\u0117 vert\u0117 TrinkwV<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Apribojimas min\/tableWV<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">Ribinis f. K\u016bdikiai<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Antimonas<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,005 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,005 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Arsenas<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,010 (0,004) mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,010 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">&lt;0,05 mg\/l.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Bario<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">1,0 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\u0160vinas<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,01 (0,005) mg\/ltr.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,010 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Boratas<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">30,0 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\"Chrome\"<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,025 (0,005) mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,050 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Fluoridas<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">1,5 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">5,0 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">&lt;0,7 mg\/l.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Kadmis<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,003 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,003 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-10\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Vario<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">2,0 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">1,0 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-11\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Manganas<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,05 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,5 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">&lt;0,05 mg\/l.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-12\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Natris<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">200,0 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">&lt; 20,0 mg\/l (ma\u017eai natrio)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-13\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Nikelio<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,020 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,020 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-14\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Nitratai<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">50 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">50 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">&lt;10,0 mg\/l.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-15\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Nitritai<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,5 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,1 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">&lt;0,02 mg\/l.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-16\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Gyvsidabris<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,0010 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,0010 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-17\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Selenas<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,010 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,010 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-18\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Sulfatas<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">250 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">&lt;240,0 mg\/l.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-19\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Uranas<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,01 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">&lt;0,02 mg\/l.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-20\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Cianidas<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,050 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,070 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<span id=\"tablepress-14-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-14\"><\/span>\n<!-- #tablepress-14 from cache -->\n\n\n<p>Kai kurie vadinamojo \"gyvojo \u0161altinio vandens\" (ar pana\u0161i\u0173) sistem\u0173 gamintojai nurodo itin prastas mineralinio vandens savybes, kurios da\u017enai net neatitinka Geriamojo vandens reglamento reikalavim\u0173. Analiz\u0117s n\u0117ra naujausios, tod\u0117l etiket\u0117se pateikiama informacija gali neatitikti tikr\u0173j\u0173 turinio duomen\u0173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kiek tokie teiginiai yra pagr\u012fsti konkurencijos teise ir ypa\u010d ar jie yra tiksl\u016bs, galima greitai i\u0161siai\u0161kinti trumpai susira\u0161in\u0117jant su atitinkamu gamintoju. Bet kokiu atveju netur\u0117tum\u0117te leisti, kad jus apgaut\u0173, ir patys atlikite tyrim\u0105, kad patikrintum\u0117te, ar tai gali b\u016bti \u012ftakos pirk\u0117jams darymo nepageidaujama linkme atvejis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Meerwasser\"><\/span>J\u016bros vanduo<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>J\u016bros vandeniui b\u016bdingas palyginti didelis druskos kiekis - vidutini\u0161kai 3,5 %. Baltijos j\u016broje yra 0,2-2 %, tod\u0117l joje druskos beveik n\u0117ra, palyginti su Negyv\u0105ja j\u016bra, kurioje yra 28 %. Jos vidutinis laidumas yra 56 mS\/cm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>J\u016bros vandens g\u0117linimo \u012frenginiuose druskos kiekis suma\u017einamas iki minimalaus geriamojo, pridedant kalcio hidrokarbonato. Kadangi g\u0117linimas yra labai daug energijos reikalaujantis procesas, da\u017enai naudojama atliekin\u0117 \u0161iluma, gaunama i\u0161 branduolini\u0173 elektrini\u0173 (taip pat laivuose, l\u0117ktuvne\u0161iuose ar atominiuose povandeniniuose laivuose), taip pat i\u0161 anglimi, dujomis ar nafta k\u016brenam\u0173 elektrini\u0173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Destilliertes_Wasser\"><\/span>Distiliuotas vanduo<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Distiliuotas vanduo gaminamas garinant ir v\u0117liau kondensuojant, o tam sunaudojama labai daug energijos. Taip i\u0161 esm\u0117s pa\u0161alinamos druskos, organin\u0117s med\u017eiagos ir mikroorganizmai. Laidumas yra tik 0,5-5,5 \u00b5S\/cm (mikrosimens\u0173 centimetre).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Daugkartinis distiliuotas vanduo si\u016blomas dvigubos arba trigubos distiliacijos pavidalu ir laikomas kvarco arba platinos talpyklose, nes verdant i\u0161 stiklini\u0173 talpykl\u0173 i\u0161tirpt\u0173 silicio dioksido p\u0117dsakai ir taip u\u017eter\u0161t\u0173 distiliat\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Osmose-Wasser\"><\/span>Osmoz\u0117s vanduo<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Vanduo i\u0161 atvirk\u0161tinio osmoso sistemos filtruojamas kelis kartus iki 0,02 \u00b5m, o jo laidumas siekia 1-50 \u00b5S\/cm. <br>Paprastai manoma, kad atvirk\u0161tinio osmoso sistema pasiekia ma\u017edaug 10 % \u012f\u0117jimo pus\u0117je esan\u010dios laidumo vert\u0117s.<br>Nors atvirk\u0161tinio osmoso b\u016bdu nepasiekiamas toks pat \u0161varumo lygis kaip distiliuoto vandens, jis yra higieni\u0161kesnis geriamojo vandens gamybai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reinstwasser\"><\/span>Ypa\u010d \u0161varus vanduo<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Labai \u0161varus vanduo gaminamas naudojant stipriai \u0161armin\u0119 mi\u0161riojo sluoksnio sistem\u0105 ir naudojamas pramon\u0117je, pvz., puslaidininki\u0173 pramon\u0117je. Laidumas yra 0,1-1 \u00b5S\/cm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hochreines_Wasser\"><\/span>Didelio grynumo vanduo<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pavyzd\u017eiui, medicinoje, farmacijos pramon\u0117je ir molekulin\u0117je biologijoje reikalingas didelio grynumo vanduo, kuris gaminamas mi\u0161riose jon\u0173 main\u0173 sistemose. Laidumas yra tik 0,052-0,1 \u00b5S\/cm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Leitfahigkeits-Messung_TDS\"><\/span>Laidumo matavimas (TDS)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u012evairi\u0173 r\u016b\u0161i\u0173 vandens laidumui nustatyti reikalingas laidumo matuoklis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Be vien tik laidumo matavimo funkcijos, tokiais prietaisais taip pat galima nustatyti TDS vert\u0119 (<em>Bendras i\u0161tirpusi\u0173 kiet\u0173j\u0173 daleli\u0173 kiekis<\/em>) ppm (<em>milijonin\u0117s dalys<\/em>). \u0160i vert\u0117 suteikia informacijos apie jon\u0173 pavidalu i\u0161tirpusias kiet\u0105sias med\u017eiagas, pvz., metalus, druskas, mineralus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\"Scenoje\" da\u017enai sutinkami \"matavimo prietaisai\", kainuojantys apie 20-50 eur\u0173, geriausiu atveju tur\u0117t\u0173 b\u016bti laikomi \"sp\u0117jimo \u012frankiais\". Jais galima tik apytiksliai \u012fvertinti ir nurodyti tendencijas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kas rimtai nori gauti atkuriam\u0105 ir patikim\u0105 i\u0161matuot\u0105 vert\u0119, negali nepirkti prietaiso, kur\u012f galima \u012fsigyti ir kalibruot\u0105, ir nekalibruot\u0105 versij\u0105.<br>Kalibravimo sertifikate galiausiai \"tik\" nurodoma, kad prietaiso vert\u0117 yra visi\u0161kai identi\u0161ka etaloninio prietaiso vertei centriniame diapazone, esant standartinei temperat\u016brai.<br>Nekalibruotas prietaisas \u0161ios nuorodos neturi. Tod\u0117l jis gali rodyti \u0161iek tiek didesn\u0119 arba ma\u017eesn\u0119 u\u017e \u0161i\u0105 atskaitos vert\u0119.<br>Temperat\u016bros kompensavimas yra svarbus, nes, norint, kad matavimas atitikt\u0173 faktin\u0119 vert\u0119 ir standartizacijos reikalavimus, visada reikia elektroniniu b\u016bdu reguliuoti matavim\u0105 pagal 25 \u00b0C temperat\u016br\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tai rei\u0161kia, kad turi b\u016bti tenkinami du minimal\u016bs kriterijai: laidumo ir temperat\u016bros matavimo funkcija. Jei vis dar norite su\u017einoti TDS vert\u0119, reikia papildomos TDS matavimo funkcijos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dabartiniu palankiausiu atveju esame ma\u017edaug. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pce-instruments.com\/deutsch\/messtechnik\/messgeraete-fuer-alle-parameter\/leitfaehigkeitsmessgeraet-pce-instruments-leitfaehigkeitstester-pce-ph-25-det_5884810.htm?_list=kat&amp;_listpos=7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">390,- eur\u0173<\/a>arba ma\u017edaug. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pce-instruments.com\/deutsch\/messtechnik\/messgeraete-fuer-alle-parameter\/leitfaehigkeitsmessgeraet-lutron-electronic-enterprise-co.-ltd.-leitfaehigkeitsmessgeraet-pce-phd-1-det_17447.htm?_list=kat&amp;_listpos=9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">530,- eur\u0173<\/a> \u012fskaitant TDS funkcij\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Norint atlikti teising\u0105 matavim\u0105, reikia tiksliai laikytis atitinkam\u0173 naudojimo instrukcij\u0173, ypa\u010d valyti jutikl\u012f distiliuotu vandeniu (DAB), kurio elektrinis laidumas &lt; 1,1 \u00b5S\/cm.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Skaitymo laikas<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minut\u0117s<\/span><\/span>Atnaujinta 14.07.2024 Vandens kokyb\u0117s skirtumai i\u0161 prad\u017ei\u0173 n\u0117ra labai akivaizd\u016bs. Geriamasis vanduo, nuotekos, lietaus vanduo, po\u017eeminis vanduo, j\u016bros vanduo, mineralinis vanduo ir distiliuotas vanduo - tai da\u017eniausiai pripa\u017e\u012fstamos klasifikacijos. Be j\u0173, yra ir kit\u0173 skirtum\u0173, pavyzd\u017eiui, mineralinis vanduo, osmoso vanduo, grynas vanduo ir itin grynas vanduo. Prad\u017eioje reik\u0117t\u0173 pamin\u0117ti \u0161iuo metu reklamoje spar\u010diai populiar\u0117jant\u012f termin\u0105 \"gyvasis vanduo\". Kai kurie gamintojai savo sistemas reklamuoja...&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lt\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Skaityti daugiau \"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Vandens kokyb\u0117s skirtumai<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[339,338],"tags":[2037,2038,2036,2032,2035,2021,1581,2018,2016,2030,1214,2023,2027,1413,2022,2024,2017,2019,1384,2029,2028,2026,2031,1668,2020,2034,2025,2013,2015,2014,587,584,2033,2011,2012],"class_list":["post-4800","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-umkehr-osmose","category-wasser-management","tag-aktivkohle","tag-alkylverbindung","tag-alzheimer","tag-belastung","tag-darmkrebs","tag-desilliertes-wasser","tag-diabetes","tag-entsalzung","tag-grundwasser","tag-halbleiterindustrie","tag-herzinfarkt","tag-hochreines-wasser","tag-ionentauscher","tag-leitfaehigkeit","tag-leitfaehigkeitsmessung","tag-medizin","tag-meerwasser","tag-meerwasserentsalzung","tag-messgeraet","tag-mischbett-system","tag-mischbettanlage","tag-molekularbiologie","tag-nitrat","tag-osmose-anlage","tag-osmose-wasser","tag-pfas","tag-pharmaindustrie","tag-regenwasser","tag-reinstwasser","tag-reinwasser","tag-trinkwasser","tag-umkehr-osmose","tag-verunreinigung","tag-wasser","tag-wasserqualitaet"],"modified_by":"Achim Goerner","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4800","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4800"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4800\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4800"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4800"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4800"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}