{"id":12436,"date":"2026-01-25T13:10:33","date_gmt":"2026-01-25T13:10:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/?p=12436"},"modified":"2026-01-25T14:26:09","modified_gmt":"2026-01-25T14:26:09","slug":"tumsa-lauka-mikroskopija-dfm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/","title":{"rendered":"Tum\u0161\u0101 lauka mikroskopija (DFM)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Satura r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101js<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Historie\" >V\u0113sture<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Studien_uber_wissenschaftlich_anerkannten_Einsatz_der_Dunkelfeld-Mikrokopie\" >P\u0113t\u012bjumi par zin\u0101tniski atz\u012btu tum\u0161\u0101 lauka mikroskopijas izmanto\u0161anu<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Syphilis-Diagnostik_Primar-Syphilis\" >Sifilisa diagnostika (prim\u0101rais sifiliss)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Molekulare_vs_Dunkelfeldmikroskopie_bei_Syphilis\" >Molekul\u0101r\u0101 un tum\u0161\u0101 lauka mikroskopija sifilisa gad\u012bjum\u0101<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Malaria-Detektion_durch_Dunkelfeldmikroskopie\" >Mal\u0101rijas noteik\u0161ana, izmantojot tum\u0161\u0101 lauka mikroskopiju<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Leptospirose-Diagnostik\" >Leptospirozes diagnostika<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Campylobacter-Enteritis_Diagnostik\" >Kampilobakt\u0113riju enter\u012bta diagnostika<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Bakterielle_Flagellen-Visualisierung\" >Bakt\u0113riju b\u0101rksti\u0146u vizualiz\u0101cija<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Blutgefas-Visualisierung_in_der_Pathologie\" >Asinsvadu vizualiz\u0101cija patolo\u0123ij\u0101<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Hautmikrozirkulation_mit_Sidestream_Dark_Field_Imaging\" >\u0100das mikrocirkul\u0101cija ar s\u0101nstraumes tum\u0161\u0101 lauka att\u0113lveido\u0161anu<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Dunkelfeldmikroskopie_nach_Enderlein\" >Tum\u0161\u0101 lauka mikroskopija saska\u0146\u0101 ar Enderleinu<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Die_Hypothese_%E2%80%A6\" >Hipot\u0113ze ...<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#und_der_Widerspruch\" >un pretruna<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Therapeutischer_Ansatz_von_Enderlein\" >Enderleina terapeitisk\u0101 pieeja<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Sanum-Therapie\" >Sanum terapija<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Registrierung_gem_AMG\" >Re\u0123istr\u0101cija saska\u0146\u0101 ar AMG<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Qualitatskontrollpflicht\" >Kvalit\u0101tes kontroles pien\u0101kums<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Nebenwirkungen\" >Blakuspar\u0101d\u012bbas<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Las\u012b\u0161anas laiks<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">protokols<\/span><\/span>\n<p>DFM ir asins komponentu un mikroorganismu anal\u012bzes metode, kas paz\u012bstama jau kop\u0161 17. gadsimta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To kl\u012bniski izmanto, lai diagnostic\u0113tu <em>Spirochetes<\/em> (gramnegat\u012bvs, spir\u0101lveida, akt\u012bvi kust\u012bgs) <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC274447\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bakt\u0113rijas<\/a>, k\u0101 <em>Leptospiras<\/em>, <em>Trepon\u0113mas<\/em>) un Plasmodium sugas (<a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC272731\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mal\u0101rijas paraz\u012bti<\/a>), k\u0101 ar\u012b lai noteiktu <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/21\/4652\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">E.coli<\/a> \u016bdens paraugos un mal\u0101rijas patog\u0113n\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u0113l viens pielietojums, kas nav zin\u0101tniski pamatots, ir t\u0101 saukt\u0101. <em>Dz\u012bv\u012bbas asins anal\u012bze \/ tum\u0161\u0101 lauka mikroskopija p\u0113c Enderleina metodes<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Turpm\u0101k tiks izkl\u0101st\u012bta DFM v\u0113sture, ar p\u0113t\u012bjumiem zin\u0101tniski pier\u0101d\u012bt\u0101s pielietojuma jomas, k\u0101 ar\u012b Enderleina teorija par DFM. <em>Pleomorfisms<\/em> un saist\u012bto inform\u0101ciju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Historie\"><\/span>V\u0113sture<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Antonijs van L\u012bvenh\u016bks<\/em> (1632 - 1723, holandie\u0161u dabaszin\u0101tnieks un noz\u012bm\u012bg\u0101kais mikroskopists), <em>Roberts H\u016bks<\/em> (1635-1703, ang\u013cu polim\u0101ts) un <em>Kristi\u0101ns H\u012bgenss<\/em> (1629 - 1695, holandie\u0161u astronoms, matem\u0101ti\u0137is un fizi\u0137is) jau izmantoja DFM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Laika gait\u0101 optika un metodes ir pilnveidotas t\u0101, ka DFM tagad ir pieejama ar\u012b stereo un sken\u0113\u0161anas elektronu mikroskopijai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sal\u012bdzinot ar parasto mikroskopiju (<em>Spilgts lauks<\/em>mikroskopija), kur\u0101 p\u0113t\u0101mais objekts atrodas uz gai\u0161a fona, DFM izmanto caursp\u012bd\u012bgu objektu, tostarp dz\u012bvu objektu, att\u0113lveido\u0161anai uz tum\u0161a fona ar palielin\u0101tu kontrastu (neizmantojot kr\u0101so\u0161anas metodes).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Caur l\u0113cu uz skat\u012bt\u0101ja aci tiek novad\u012bta tikai t\u0101 gaisma, ko objekts atstaro vai izklied\u0113, padarot redzamas pat vismaz\u0101k\u0101s da\u013ci\u0146as. Priek\u0161noteikums ir absol\u016bti t\u012brs priek\u0161metstikli\u0146\u0161, lai nov\u0113rstu gaismas izkliedi, ko rada piemais\u012bjumi, un t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di nov\u0113rstu faktiski apskat\u0101m\u0101 objekta izkrop\u013cojumus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Studien_uber_wissenschaftlich_anerkannten_Einsatz_der_Dunkelfeld-Mikrokopie\"><\/span>P\u0113t\u012bjumi par zin\u0101tniski atz\u012btu tum\u0161\u0101 lauka mikroskopijas izmanto\u0161anu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Syphilis-Diagnostik_Primar-Syphilis\"><\/span><strong>Sifilisa diagnostika (prim\u0101rais sifiliss)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33268187\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Vai tum\u0161\u0101 lauka mikroskopija joproj\u0101m ir noder\u012bga prim\u0101rai sifilisa diagnostikai 21. gadsimt\u0101?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>No 806 paraugiem 53,2% (429) bija pozit\u012bvi uz DFM. No 429 pacientiem 48% bija negat\u012bvi serolo\u0123iskie testi, kas nor\u0101da, ka <em>DFM<\/em> viens <em>Agr\u012bna atkl\u0101\u0161ana<\/em> joproj\u0101m \u013cauj <em>pirms serolo\u0123iskie testi k\u013c\u016bst pozit\u012bvi<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Molekulare_vs_Dunkelfeldmikroskopie_bei_Syphilis\"><\/span><strong>Molekul\u0101r\u0101 un tum\u0161\u0101 lauka mikroskopija sifilisa gad\u012bjum\u0101<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7312206\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Treponema pallidum pasugas pallidum molekul\u0101r\u0101s un tie\u0161\u0101s noteik\u0161anas testi: Literat\u016bras apskats, 1964-2017<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pacientiem ar prim\u0101ro sifilisu DFM jut\u012bgums un specifiskums sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar kl\u012bniskaj\u0101m diagnoz\u0113m un laboratoriskajiem rezult\u0101tiem bija attiec\u012bgi 75-100% un 94-100%. Sekund\u0101r\u0101 sifilisa gad\u012bjum\u0101 jut\u012bgums bija 58-71% un specifiskums 100%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Malaria-Detektion_durch_Dunkelfeldmikroskopie\"><\/span><strong>Mal\u0101rijas noteik\u0161ana, izmantojot tum\u0161\u0101 lauka mikroskopiju<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/jcm.17.5.717-721.1983\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Tum\u0161\u0101 lauka mikroskopija mal\u0101rijas noteik\u0161anai nekr\u0101sot\u0101s asins pl\u0113v\u0113s<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Da\u017e\u0101dos <em>Plasmodium sugas<\/em> pigmentam ir redzama gaismas izklied\u0113\u0161ana, kad asins uztriepes tiek apskat\u012btas, izmantojot DFM. \u0160\u012b metode pied\u0101v\u0101 <em>\u0100tras diagnostikas priek\u0161roc\u012bbas, paaugstin\u0101ta jut\u012bba<\/em> un <em>Piel\u0101go\u0161an\u0101s sp\u0113jas<\/em> lauka darbam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Leptospirose-Diagnostik\"><\/span><strong>Leptospirozes diagnostika<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26068347\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Tum\u0161\u0101 lauka mikroskopijas, kult\u016bras un komerci\u0101lo serolo\u0123isko komplektu nov\u0113rt\u0113jums leptospirozes diagnostik\u0101<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nevien\u0101 no kl\u012bniskajiem paraugiem DFM neuzr\u0101d\u012bja pozit\u012bvu rezult\u0101tu. P\u0113t\u012bjum\u0101 secin\u0101ts, ka DFM un kult\u016bra ir <em>ierobe\u017eots ieguvums<\/em> <em>ar<\/em> . <em>Leptospirozes diagnostika<\/em> serolo\u0123ija joproj\u0101m ir galvenais pamats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Campylobacter-Enteritis_Diagnostik\"><\/span><strong>Kampilobakt\u0113riju enter\u012bta diagnostika<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/jcm.15.1.61-63.1982\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cilv\u0113ka izk\u0101rn\u012bjumu tum\u0161\u0101 lauka mikroskopija Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni enter\u012bta paredzamajai diagnostikai<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1377 izk\u0101rn\u012bjumu paraugos Campylobacter motilit\u0101tes nov\u0113ro\u0161anas jut\u012bgums, specifiskums un prognoz\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 v\u0113rt\u012bba bija attiec\u012bgi 36%, 99% un 62%. . <em>Jut\u012bgums <\/em>bija<em> augst\u0101kais<\/em>, kad paraugi <em>2 stundu laik\u0101<\/em> (50%), sal\u012bdzinot ar 2 stundu laik\u0101 (28%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bakterielle_Flagellen-Visualisierung\"><\/span><strong>Bakt\u0113riju b\u0101rksti\u0146u vizualiz\u0101cija<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC274447\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bakt\u0113riju b\u0101rksti\u0146u izmekl\u0113\u0161ana ar tum\u0161\u0101 lauka mikroskopiju<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nekr\u0101sotu bakt\u0113riju vizualiz\u0101cijas metode <em>Flagella<\/em> apraksta DFM. T\u0101 k\u0101 var redz\u0113t atsevi\u0161\u0137us pavedienus, tad \u0123ints, piem\u0113ram, DFM <em>Salmonella<\/em> (peritrihiski b\u0101rksti\u0146biks\u012b\u0161u dzimtas) ir viegli at\u0161\u0137irami no pol\u0101rbiks\u012b\u0161u \u0123int\u012bm, piem. <em>Pseudomonas<\/em> var at\u0161\u0137irt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Blutgefas-Visualisierung_in_der_Pathologie\"><\/span><strong>Asinsvadu vizualiz\u0101cija patolo\u0123ij\u0101<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7341069\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Tum\u0161\u0101 lauka mikroskopija uzlabo CD31 endot\u0113lija kr\u0101sojuma redzam\u012bbu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Redzam\u012bba <em>Peroksid\u0101zes izrais\u012bta DAB prote\u012bnu nogulsn\u0113\u0161an\u0101s<\/em> var pastiprin\u0101t, izmantojot DFM metodi, jo t\u0101 sp\u0113j izklied\u0113t gaismu, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di padarot to viegli atkl\u0101jamu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hautmikrozirkulation_mit_Sidestream_Dark_Field_Imaging\"><\/span><strong>\u0100das mikrocirkul\u0101cija ar s\u0101nstraumes tum\u0161\u0101 lauka att\u0113lveido\u0161anu<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20972572\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Tumsas lauka att\u0113lveido\u0161ana s\u0101nu straum\u0113: \u0101das mikrocirkul\u0101cijas re\u0101llaika vizualiz\u0101cijas att\u012bst\u012bba un t\u0101s potenci\u0101lais pielietojums dermatolo\u0123ij\u0101<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Sidestream Tum\u0161ais lauks<\/em> (SDF) att\u0113lveido\u0161ana ir jaun\u0101kais r\u012bks, kas paredz\u0113ts <em>Mikrocirkul\u0101cijas p\u0113t\u012bjumi<\/em>. T\u0101 ir vienk\u0101r\u0161a un neinvaz\u012bva att\u0113lveido\u0161anas metode ar zem\u0101m izmaks\u0101m, <em>laba p\u0101rn\u0113s\u0101jam\u012bba un augsta jut\u012bba <\/em>kas nodro\u0161ina smalkus, labi defin\u0113tus att\u0113lus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dunkelfeldmikroskopie_nach_Enderlein\"><\/span>Tum\u0161\u0101 lauka mikroskopija saska\u0146\u0101 ar Enderleinu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Die_Hypothese_%E2%80%A6\"><\/span>Hipot\u0113ze ...<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Ginters Enderleins<\/em> (1872-1968, v\u0101cu zoologs un entomologs) public\u0113ja vair\u0101k nek\u0101 500 rakstu par kukai\u0146u p\u0113tniec\u012bbu un ieguva starptautisku atzin\u012bbu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Antu\u0101ns Be\u0161\u0101ns (Antoine B\u00e9champ, 1816-1908, fran\u010du \u0137\u012bmi\u0137is, \u0101rsts un farmaceits) jau iepriek\u0161 bija izstr\u0101d\u0101jis hipot\u0113zi par <em>Fleomorfisms<\/em>(daudzveid\u012bba). Vi\u0146am rad\u0101s ideja, ka vis\u0101s dz\u012bvnieku un augu \u0161\u016bn\u0101s ir s\u012bkas granulas (mikroenz\u012bmi), no kur\u0101m noteiktos apst\u0101k\u013cos var att\u012bst\u012bties patog\u0113n\u0101s bakt\u0113rijas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pirm\u0101 pasaules kara laik\u0101 Enderleins izvirz\u012bja \u0161o hipot\u0113zi. Bakt\u0113riju sal\u012bdzino\u0161ie morfolo\u0123iskie p\u0113t\u012bjumi noveda pie vi\u0146a galven\u0101 bakteriolo\u0123isk\u0101 darba public\u0113\u0161anas 1925. gad\u0101. <em>Bactieria ciklo\u0123en\u0113ze<\/em> k\u0101 m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jumu defin\u0113t jaunu bakt\u0113riju klasifik\u0101ciju, pamatojoties uz to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pamatojoties uz Enderleina ideju, ka paraz\u012bti, v\u012brusi un bakt\u0113rijas, k\u0101 ar\u012b to turpm\u0101k\u0101 att\u012bst\u012bba ir atkar\u012bga no asins pH v\u0113rt\u012bbas, vi\u0146\u0161 izveidoja t. s. <em>Bakt\u0113riju ciklo\u0123en\u0113ze<\/em> (no pH atkar\u012bgas bakt\u0113riju formas izmai\u0146as). Visu att\u012bst\u012bbas procesu vi\u0146\u0161 apz\u012bm\u0113ja ar terminu \u201ecikls\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"und_der_Widerspruch\"><\/span>un pretruna<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Enderleina hipot\u0113ze tika noliegta jau vi\u0146a dz\u012bves laik\u0101. T\u0101p\u0113c 1931. gad\u0101 no <em>Emmy Klieneberger <\/em>(1892-1985, v\u0101cu un britu mikrobiologs, viens no <em>Mycoplasma<\/em>) .<br>Vi\u0146a rakst\u012bja: <br><br>\u201e<em>G. Enderleins ir izveidojis sistem\u0101tisku bakt\u0113riju att\u012bst\u012bbas cikla modeli, kas nav balst\u012bts uz patiesiem nov\u0113rojumiem, bet gan uz teor\u0113tisk\u0101m spekul\u0101cij\u0101m. T\u0101p\u0113c Enderleina spekul\u0101cijas ir piln\u012bb\u0101 j\u0101noraida, jo t\u0101m nav nek\u0101da pamatojuma.<\/em>\u201e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Ferdinands Konns<\/em> (1828 - 1898, v\u0101cu bakteriologs un bot\u0101ni\u0137is, bakt\u0113riju endosporu atkl\u0101j\u0113js) tiek uzskat\u012bts par modern\u0101s bakteriolo\u0123ijas un sistem\u0101tisk\u0101s bakt\u0113riju klasifik\u0101cijas pamatlic\u0113ju ap 1870. gadu. <em>Monoforisms<\/em>, . <em>Luijs Past\u0113rs<\/em> (1822 - 1895, fran\u010du bio\u0137\u012bmi\u0137is, \u0137\u012bmi\u0137is, mikrobiologs un fizi\u0137is) un <em>Roberts Kochs<\/em> (1843 - 1910, v\u0101cu bakteriologs un \u0101rsts) joproj\u0101m ir sp\u0113k\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Therapeutischer_Ansatz_von_Enderlein\"><\/span>Enderleina terapeitisk\u0101 pieeja<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Enderleins izstr\u0101d\u0101ja \u0101rstnieciskos prepar\u0101tus k\u0101 t\u0101 sauktos izop\u0101tiskos l\u012bdzek\u013cus, kas l\u012bdz\u012bgi k\u0101 homeop\u0101tij\u0101 \u201el\u012bdz\u012bgs ar l\u012bdz\u012bgu\u201c (l\u012bdz\u012bbas princips) ir paredz\u0113ti patog\u0113nu izrais\u012btu slim\u012bbu \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anai, izmantojot vienu un to pa\u0161u patog\u0113nu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sanum-Therapie\"><\/span>Sanum terapija<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1933. gad\u0101 vi\u0146\u0161 nodibin\u0101ja SANUM, kas tagad paz\u012bstams k\u0101 <em>Sanum Kehlbeck<\/em> tirdzniec\u012bba. Savu terapijas veidu vi\u0146\u0161 nosauca par <em>Sanum terapija<\/em>.<br>Uz\u0146\u0113mums <a href=\"https:\/\/sanum.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sanum-Kehlbeck<\/a> izplata prepar\u0101tus, kas ra\u017eoti saska\u0146\u0101 ar homeop\u0101tiskiem principiem D3 - D7 potenc\u0113s (decim\u0101lda\u013cskaitlis; D7 = 1:10 000 000, kas atbilst 1 da\u013cai izejvielas uz 99 999 999 da\u013c\u0101m \u016bdens\/spirta), kurus saska\u0146\u0101 ar ES ties\u012bbu aktiem var p\u0101rdot bez pier\u0101d\u012bjuma par iedarb\u012bgumu, tostarp ampulas injekcij\u0101m, kur\u0101m ar\u012b nav tirdzniec\u012bbas at\u013caujas saska\u0146\u0101 ar V\u0101cijas Likumu par z\u0101l\u0113m (AMG).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Registrierung_gem_AMG\"><\/span>Re\u0123istr\u0101cija saska\u0146\u0101 ar AMG<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Visi prepar\u0101ti ir pieejami tikai saska\u0146\u0101 ar <a href=\"https:\/\/dejure.org\/gesetze\/AMG\/38.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 38 AMG<\/a> re\u0123istr\u0113tas, t. i., ra\u017eot\u0101js nepieprasa ne terapeitisk\u0101s efektivit\u0101tes pier\u0101d\u012bjumus, ne indik\u0101ciju (pielietojuma jomu) nor\u0101d\u012bjumus. T\u0101d\u0113\u013c uz prepar\u0101tiem j\u0101b\u016bt uzrakstam<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201eRe\u0123istr\u0113tas homeop\u0101tisk\u0101s z\u0101les, <br> t\u0101p\u0113c bez nor\u0101des par terapeitisk\u0101m indik\u0101cij\u0101m\u201c.\u201c<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>valk\u0101t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Qualitatskontrollpflicht\"><\/span>Kvalit\u0101tes kontroles pien\u0101kums<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ra\u017eot\u0101js ir atbild\u012bgs par kvalit\u0101tes kontroli. 2023. gad\u0101 Sanum bija spiesta p\u0101rtraukt da\u017e\u0101du injekciju \u0161\u0137\u012bdumu lieto\u0161anu 28. mart\u0101, 6. apr\u012bl\u012b un 14. apr\u012bl\u012b redzamu da\u013ci\u0146u pies\u0101r\u0146ojuma d\u0113\u013c. <a href=\"https:\/\/sanum.com\/service\/aktuelles\/detail\/chargenrueckruf-28032023-06042023-14042023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">atsaukt<\/a>. Publisks pazi\u0146ojums tika public\u0113ts 17.04.2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nebenwirkungen\"><\/span>Blakuspar\u0101d\u012bbas<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tom\u0113r, t\u0101 k\u0101 nav pier\u0101d\u012bjumu par terapeitisko iedarb\u012bbu (no 01.2026. gada), ir konstat\u0113tas da\u017e\u0101das blakuspar\u0101d\u012bbas:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>70 gadus vecai sievietei, kas 6 m\u0113ne\u0161us lietoja Notakehl D4 (3\u00d71 kapsula dien\u0101), att\u012bst\u012bj\u0101s ak\u016bts interstici\u0101ls nefr\u012bts ar nieru mazsp\u0113ju (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aerzteblatt.de\/nachrichten\/49491\/Penicillin-Allergie-auf-homoeopathische-Arzneimittel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Avots:<\/a>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>39 gadus veca sieviete ar album\u012bn\u016briju, hemat\u016briju un drudzi p\u0113c Notakehl lieto\u0161anas (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bfarm.de\/SharedDocs\/Downloads\/DE\/Arzneimittel\/Pharmakovigilanz\/Risikoinformationen\/RisikoBewVerf\/m-r\/penicilliumhaltige-am-anhoerung.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Avots:<\/a>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Papildu gad\u012bjumi, kad p\u0113c Mucokehl D5, Nigersan D5 un Notakehl D7 lieto\u0161anas radu\u0161\u0101s aizdomas par plau\u0161u reakcij\u0101m (avots k\u0101 iepriek\u0161).<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Las\u012b\u0161anas laiks<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">protokols<\/span><\/span>Die DFM ist eine seit dem 17. Jahrhundert bekannte Technik der Untersuchung von Blutbestandteilen und Kleinlebewesen. Sie wird klinisch zur Diagnostik von Spiroch\u00e4ten (gramnegative, wendelf\u00f6rmige, sich aktiv bewegende Bakterien, wie Leptospiren, Treponemen) und Plasmodium-Arten (Malaria-Parasiten), sowie zur Detektion von E.coli in Wasserproben und des Malaria-Errregers angewandt. Eine andere, wissenschaftlich jedoch nicht haltbare Anwendung, ist die&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Las\u012bt vair\u0101k \"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Tum\u0161\u0101 lauka mikroskopija (DFM)<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12436","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"modified_by":"Achim Goerner","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12436","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12436"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12436\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12436"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12436"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12436"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}