{"id":5777,"date":"2023-11-30T12:05:40","date_gmt":"2023-11-30T12:05:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/?p=5777"},"modified":"2024-01-12T15:58:15","modified_gmt":"2024-01-12T15:58:15","slug":"dsl-kabelis-optiska-skiedra-vai-kas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2023\/11\/30\/dsl-kabel-glasfaser-oder-was\/","title":{"rendered":"DSL, kabelis, optisk\u0101 \u0161\u0137iedra vai kas cits?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_87_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Satura r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101js<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2023\/11\/30\/dsl-kabel-glasfaser-oder-was\/#Historie\" >V\u0113sture<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2023\/11\/30\/dsl-kabel-glasfaser-oder-was\/#Festnetz-Technologien\" >Fiks\u0113t\u0101 t\u012bkla tehnolo\u0123ijas<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2023\/11\/30\/dsl-kabel-glasfaser-oder-was\/#ISDN\" >ISDN<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2023\/11\/30\/dsl-kabel-glasfaser-oder-was\/#VDSL\" >(V)DSL<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2023\/11\/30\/dsl-kabel-glasfaser-oder-was\/#Kabel\" >Kabe\u013ci<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2023\/11\/30\/dsl-kabel-glasfaser-oder-was\/#Glasfaser\" >Stikla \u0161\u0137iedra<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2023\/11\/30\/dsl-kabel-glasfaser-oder-was\/#Internet_unterwegs\" >Internets kust\u012bb\u0101<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2023\/11\/30\/dsl-kabel-glasfaser-oder-was\/#GSM_EDGE_UMTS_LTE_3G_4G_5G\" >GSM \/ EDGE \/ UMTS \/ LTE 3G, 4G, 5G<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2023\/11\/30\/dsl-kabel-glasfaser-oder-was\/#StarLink\" >StarLink<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Las\u012b\u0161anas laiks<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 3<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">protokols<\/span><\/span>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DSL, kabelis, optisk\u0101 \u0161\u0137iedra, vai tas viss nav kabelis? - Nesen k\u0101ds d\u0101rgs draugs man jaut\u0101ja, vai es var\u0113tu izt\u0113loties att\u0113lu, kur\u0101 redzams kalns un v\u0113rsis? Tie\u0161i t\u0101 vi\u0146\u0161 jut\u0101s tie\u0161i p\u0113c tam, kad es ieteicu vi\u0146am pieteikties kabe\u013ctelev\u012bzijai, nevis DSL, lai turpm\u0101k var\u0113tu piek\u013c\u016bt internetam. K\u0101da at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bba, vai ar\u012b DSL darbojas pa kabeli?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u0101p\u0113c \u0161eit ir raksts, kas burtiski p\u0101rvietos kalnus un bru\u0123\u0113s ce\u013cu, kad runa ir par pareiz\u0101 ce\u013ca izv\u0113li uz internetu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Historie\"><\/span>V\u0113sture<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kas v\u0113l zina <a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Modem.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">P\u012bkst\u0113\u0161ana un \u010divin\u0101\u0161ana<\/a> telefona uztv\u0113r\u0113ja akustiskaj\u0101 savienot\u0101j\u0101 (<em>Dataphone 21D<\/em>) ar 300 ... 2400 bitu\/s vai modemiem (<em>ELSA Microlink 24.4 TQV<\/em>) ar jau 28 800 bitu\/s, zvanot uz internetu?<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Akustikkoppler_Modem-1024x375.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5782\" style=\"width:481px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Akustikkoppler_Modem-1024x375.png 1024w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Akustikkoppler_Modem-1536x562.png 1536w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Akustikkoppler_Modem-18x7.png 18w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Akustikkoppler_Modem-300x110.png 300w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Akustikkoppler_Modem-768x281.png 768w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Akustikkoppler_Modem.png 1691w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u0113c interneta numura izsauk\u0161anas akustiskais savienot\u0101js uztv\u0113ra att\u0101lin\u0101t\u0101s stacijas akustisko sign\u0101lu, izmantojot t\u0101lru\u0146a uztv\u0113r\u0113ja ska\u013cruni, izmantojot ieb\u016bv\u0113to mikrofonu, un, savuk\u0101rt, nos\u016bt\u012bja atpaka\u013c to\u0146u sekvences, izmantojot akustiskaj\u0101 savienot\u0101j\u0101 ieb\u016bv\u0113to ska\u013cruni un t\u0101lru\u0146a uztv\u0113r\u0113ja mikrofonu. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di dati tika p\u0101rv\u0113rsti akustiskos sign\u0101los un p\u0101rraid\u012bti. \u0160\u0101 procesa laik\u0101 l\u012bniju nevar\u0113ja izmantot telefona zvaniem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Modems (<strong>Mo<\/strong>dulator-<strong>Port\u0101ls<\/strong>odulators) tika savienots ar div\u0101m telefona kabe\u013ca l\u012bnij\u0101m, izmantojot piem\u0113rotu kontaktdak\u0161u telefona kontaktligzdai, un \u0161\u0101d\u0101 veid\u0101 tie\u0161i sazin\u0101j\u0101s ar att\u0101lo staciju, saskaitot un modul\u0113jot nes\u0113jfrekvences datus un at\u0146emot un demodul\u0113jot ien\u0101ko\u0161os datus no nes\u0113jfrekvences. Tas ar\u012b tika dar\u012bts ar vair\u0101k nek\u0101 desmit reizes liel\u0101ku \u0101trumu - l\u012bdz 56 000 bitu\/s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Laika gait\u0101 modemu tehnolo\u0123ijas k\u013cuva jaud\u012bg\u0101kas, un pat\u0113r\u0113t\u0101ju v\u0113lme p\u0113c datu pieauga. Agr\u0101k t\u012bmek\u013ca vietnes veidoja grafiski bloki un teksts, tagad t\u0101s veido att\u0113li, videoklipi un teksts. Rezult\u0101t\u0101 pieauga piepras\u012bjums p\u0113c joslas platuma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Festnetz-Technologien\"><\/span>Fiks\u0113t\u0101 t\u012bkla tehnolo\u0123ijas<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ISDN\"><\/span>ISDN<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>ISDN<\/em> (Integr\u0113to pakalpojumu digit\u0101lais t\u012bkls) \u013c\u0101va savstarp\u0113ji savienot abas l\u012bnijas un t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di dubultot datu p\u0101rraides \u0101trumu 2 x 64 000 bitu\/s, izmantojot divas atsevi\u0161\u0137as telefona l\u012bnijas un t\u0101lru\u0146a numurus. Ja j\u016bs apmierin\u0101ja viena l\u012bnija, j\u016bs var\u0113j\u0101t veikt zvanus, izmantojot otru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"VDSL\"><\/span>(V)DSL<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Papildu palielin\u0101jums tika pan\u0101kts ar <em>DSL<\/em> (digit\u0101l\u0101 abonenta l\u012bnija) un v\u0113lreiz ar <em>VDSL<\/em> (\u013coti \u0101trdarb\u012bga digit\u0101l\u0101 abonentl\u012bnija) sasniedz l\u012bdz 400 Mbit\/s (400 000 000 bitu\/s, kas ir 6250 rei\u017eu \u0101tr\u0101k nek\u0101 ISDN kan\u0101ls).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kabel\"><\/span>Kabe\u013ci<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u012bdztekus iepriek\u0161 min\u0113taj\u0101m tendenc\u0113m ap 1980. gadu k\u013cuva popul\u0101ra kabe\u013ctelev\u012bzija, lai ar t\u0101 saukto \"kabe\u013ctelev\u012bziju\" nodro\u0161in\u0101tu radio un telev\u012bzijas programmas pat no sauszemes ne\u0113rt\u0101s viet\u0101s. <em>Koaksi\u0101lais<\/em>-kabe\u013ci (centr\u0113ts, viendz\u012bslas, da\u013c\u0113ji ciets vara vads ar apk\u0101rt\u0113jo ekran\u0113jo\u0161o pl\u0113vi un pinumu). P\u0113c tam, kad satel\u012bttelev\u012bzija aizst\u016bma kabe\u013ctelev\u012bziju otraj\u0101 pl\u0101n\u0101, atbr\u012bvoj\u0101s jauda, ko n\u0101kotn\u0113 var\u0113tu izmantot interneta piesl\u0113gumiem, un bija iesp\u0113jams nodro\u0161in\u0101t pieg\u0101di ar \u0101trumu l\u012bdz 1000 Mbit\/s (kas atbilst 1 Gbit\/s).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Glasfaser\"><\/span>Stikla \u0161\u0137iedra<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Optisk\u0101s \u0161\u0137iedras t\u012bkli pak\u0101peniski aizst\u0101j kabe\u013cu t\u012bklus, un pa\u0161laik tie nodro\u0161ina \u0101trumu l\u012bdz 100 Gbit\/s. Lai gan vis\u0101s iepriek\u0161 min\u0113taj\u0101s tehnolo\u0123ij\u0101s p\u0101rraidei izmanto vara kabe\u013cus, gaisma tiek p\u0101rraid\u012bta, izmantojot optisko \u0161\u0137iedru - gandr\u012bz ar gaismas \u0101trumu. Tas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka ir iesp\u0113jama v\u0113l liel\u0101ka datu caurlaidsp\u0113ja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Internet_unterwegs\"><\/span>Internets kust\u012bb\u0101<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"GSM_EDGE_UMTS_LTE_3G_4G_5G\"><\/span>GSM \/ EDGE \/ UMTS \/ LTE 3G, 4G, 5G<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mobilais internets pirmo reizi k\u013cuva pieejams gadsimtu mij\u0101, kad tika ieviesta GSM (glob\u0101l\u0101 mobilo sakaru sist\u0113ma). <em>EDGE<\/em> (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution) standartiem ar 256 kbit\/s. Palielin\u0101jums rad\u012bja <em>UMTS<\/em> (univers\u0101l\u0101 mobilo telekomunik\u0101ciju sist\u0113ma) <em>3G<\/em> ar 384 kbit\/s no 2007. gada, kam sekoja papla\u0161in\u0101tais <em>UMTS<\/em> Standarta <em>HSPA<\/em> ar 7,2 MBit\/s un <em>HSPA+<\/em> ar 42 bitu\/s. Ar LTE (Long Term Evolution) 4G datu p\u0101rraides \u0101trums pieauga l\u012bdz iev\u0113rojamajiem 300 ... 1 000 MBit\/s. <em>5G<\/em> T\u012bkls ar \u0101trumu l\u012bdz 1500 MBit\/s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tom\u0113r \u0161\u012bs piek\u013cuves tehnolo\u0123ijas ir pieejamas tikai tad, ja ir atbilsto\u0161s mobilo sakaru p\u0101rkl\u0101jums.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"StarLink\"><\/span>StarLink<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\"StarLink\" pied\u0101v\u0101 pal\u012bdz\u012bbu teritorij\u0101s ar v\u0101ju p\u0101rkl\u0101jumu vai bez p\u0101rkl\u0101juma, vai ar\u012b j\u016br\u0101, izmantojot pa\u0161laik aptuveni 4000 satel\u012btu 540 ... 570 km augstum\u0101 ar \u0101trumu 150 ... 500 MBit\/s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u0101s satel\u012bti nodro\u0161ina internetu gandr\u012bz visos pasaules re\u0123ionos. Tom\u0113r uztver\u0161anai ir nepiecie\u0161amas \u012bpa\u0161as antenas, kas tiek piel\u0101gotas n\u0101kamajam pieejamajam satel\u012btam un tiek autom\u0101tiski izsekotas. Transportl\u012bdzek\u013cos vai uz ku\u0123iem ce\u013cojuma laik\u0101 izmantojam\u0101s antenas ir liel\u0101kas un statiski v\u0113rstas pret debes\u012bm.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Las\u012b\u0161anas laiks<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 3<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">protokols<\/span><\/span>DSL, kabelis, optisk\u0101 \u0161\u0137iedra, vai tas viss nav kabelis? - Nesen k\u0101ds d\u0101rgs draugs man jaut\u0101ja, vai es var\u0113tu izt\u0113loties att\u0113lu, kur\u0101 redzams kalns un v\u0113rsis? Tie\u0161i t\u0101 vi\u0146\u0161 jut\u0101s tie\u0161i p\u0113c tam, kad es ieteicu vi\u0146am pieteikties kabe\u013ctelev\u012bzijai, nevis DSL, lai turpm\u0101k var\u0113tu piek\u013c\u016bt internetam. Kabe\u013ctelev\u012bzija - k\u0101da ir at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bba?&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2023\/11\/30\/dsl-kabel-glasfaser-oder-was\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Las\u012bt vair\u0101k \"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">DSL, kabelis, optisk\u0101 \u0161\u0137iedra vai kas cits?<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"[\"title\",\"meta\",\"thumbnail\",\"content\",\"tags\",\"comments\"]","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2039,345],"tags":[2703,2704,1702,2708,1604,2702,2705,2700,1549,2707,1366,2710,2706,725,2709,2711,2699,2701],"class_list":["post-5777","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-internet","category-kommunikation-lte","tag-3g","tag-4g","tag-5g","tag-akustikkoppler","tag-dsl","tag-edge","tag-glasfaser","tag-gprs","tag-gsm","tag-isdn","tag-kabel","tag-kabelfernsehen","tag-kupferkabel","tag-lte","tag-modem","tag-starlink","tag-umts","tag-vdsl"],"modified_by":"Achim Goerner","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5777","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5777"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5777\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5777"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5777"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5777"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}