{"id":604,"date":"2021-08-22T01:23:19","date_gmt":"2021-08-22T01:23:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/?p=604"},"modified":"2023-01-21T16:44:31","modified_gmt":"2023-01-21T16:44:31","slug":"interneta-pamati-manekeniem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2021\/08\/22\/internet-grundlagen-fuer-dummies\/","title":{"rendered":"Interneta pamati manekeniem"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_87_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Satura r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101js<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2021\/08\/22\/internet-grundlagen-fuer-dummies\/#DNS\" >DNS<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2021\/08\/22\/internet-grundlagen-fuer-dummies\/#Der_Weg_zum_Ziel\" >Ce\u013c\u0161 uz m\u0113r\u0137i<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Las\u012b\u0161anas laiks<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 2<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">protokols<\/span><\/span>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Interneta izpratnes pamati - sp\u0113l\u0113sim mu\u013c\u0137us... - Ikviens, kur\u0161 ir redz\u0113jis filmu \"Feuerzangenbowle\" ar Heincu Rihmanu, zina \u0161o teicienu par tur apl\u016bkoto tvaika dzin\u0113ja darb\u012bbu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ikviens, kur\u0161 to nezina, ir vismaz dzird\u0113jis par Google, kas, iesp\u0113jams, ir viena no visbie\u017e\u0101k izmantotaj\u0101m mekl\u0113t\u0101jprogramm\u0101m m\u016bsdienu internet\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bet k\u0101 tas darbojas, ja <em>google.com<\/em> non\u0101k ar\u012b \u0161aj\u0101 mekl\u0113t\u0101j\u0101?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sal\u012bdzin\u0101jums ar veco labo telefona gr\u0101matu, protams, ir maldino\u0161s, ta\u010du tas ir labs pamats:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Agr\u0101k, ja v\u0113l\u0113j\u0101ties atrast paz\u012bstamas personas t\u0101lru\u0146a numuru, bija nepiecie\u0161ams vismaz t\u0101s v\u0101rds un uzv\u0101rds un pils\u0113ta, kur\u0101 t\u0101 dz\u012bvoja. P\u0113c tam jums vajadz\u0113ja \u0161\u012bs pils\u0113tas t\u0101lru\u0146u gr\u0101matu, lai atrastu v\u0101rdu. Taj\u0101 bija nor\u0101d\u012bts apgabala kods, kas bija j\u0101nor\u0101da t\u0101lru\u0146a numura priek\u0161\u0101. Ja pazi\u0146u sauca ar\u012b M\u00fcller, noder\u0113ja ar\u012b v\u0101rds. Ja ar\u012b tas bija visp\u0101rpie\u0146emts v\u0101rds, tad, zinot ielu, bija vien\u012bgais veids, k\u0101 atrast \"M\u00fcller\" un atrast vi\u0146a t\u0101lru\u0146a numuru. Un, ja vi\u0146\u0161 dz\u012bvoja kop\u012bg\u0101 dz\u012bvokl\u012b, tad svar\u012bgs bija ar\u012b telefona numurs, protams, ar nosac\u012bjumu, ka mekl\u0113tais cilv\u0113ks dz\u012bvoja V\u0101cij\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Internet\u0101 valsts kods, apgabala kods un t\u0101lru\u0146a numurs, piem\u0113ram, t\u0101lrunis, tiek par\u0101d\u012bts k\u0101 t\u0101 saukt\u0101 IP (interneta protokola) adrese. Vis\u0101m \u010detr\u0101m numura sast\u0101vda\u013c\u0101m, kas viena no otras atdal\u012btas ar punktu, var b\u016bt v\u0113rt\u012bbas no 001 ... 255. Piem\u0113ram, Google.de ir adrese 008.008.008.008.008.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0160\u012b adrese atbilst IPv4 standartam un pied\u0101v\u0101 4 miljardu adre\u0161u telpu. IPv6 standarts, kas pa\u0161laik joproj\u0101m tiek \u012bstenots paral\u0113li, nodro\u0161ina adre\u0161u telpu, kas ir mazliet maz\u0101ka par vienu sestilijonu (3,4 x 10 000 000).<sup>38<\/sup>).<br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"DNS\"><\/span>DNS<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Divpadsmit ciparu skait\u013cu sekvences nav \u012bpa\u0161i atmi\u0146\u0101 palieko\u0161as sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar v\u0101rdiem. T\u0101p\u0113c internet\u0101 ir izveidots sava veida telefona uzzi\u0146u dienests - DNS (dom\u0113na v\u0101rdu serveris). Tie izmanto v\u0101rda ievades datus <em>Google.com<\/em> iepriek\u0161 min\u0113tajai numuru sec\u012bbai 008.008.008.008.008 vai 8.8.8.8.8.8.8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Apl\u016bkosim, k\u0101du mar\u0161rutu mekl\u0113\u0161anas vaic\u0101jums veic, ja k\u0101ds atrodas Kuksh\u0101fen\u0113. <em>Google.com<\/em> datora p\u0101rl\u016bkprogrammas adreses josl\u0101. Komanda <em>traceroute<\/em> (sekojiet mar\u0161rutam) Mac OS oper\u0113t\u0101jsist\u0113m\u0101, <em>tracert<\/em> oper\u0113t\u0101jsist\u0113m\u0101 Windows.<br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Der_Weg_zum_Ziel\"><\/span>Ce\u013c\u0161 uz m\u0113r\u0137i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>traceroute 8.8.8.8.8<\/em> vai <em>traceroute google.com<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Dators 192.168.1.16, izmantojot WLAN -&gt; mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101js (iek\u0161\u0113jais DNS; piem\u0113ram, AVM FritzBox) - 192.168.1.1 - 1,068 ms<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mar\u0161rut\u0113t\u0101js -&gt; D - Kasele - 88.134.189.230 - 12.891 ms<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-&gt; D - Kasele - 88.134.192.186 - 13.906 ms<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-&gt; D - Darmstadt - 145.254.3.62 - 17.076 ms<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-&gt; D - Darmstadt - 145.254.2.215 - 17.146 ms<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-&gt; ASV - CA - Mountain View - 72.14.194.138 - 15.443 ms<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-&gt; ASV - KS - KansasCity - 8.8.8.8.8 - 18.787 ms<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Laiks, kas nepiecie\u0161ams \u0161im ce\u013cojumam p\u0101ri pusei zemeslodes, kur\u0101 iesaist\u012bti se\u0161i datu centri, kopum\u0101 ir 86,37 ms - diezgan \u0101tra reakcija.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Las\u012b\u0161anas laiks<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 2<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">protokols<\/span><\/span>Interneta izpratnes pamati - sp\u0113l\u0113simies mu\u013c\u0137us... - Ikviens, kur\u0161 ir redz\u0113jis \"Feuerzangenbowle\" ar Heincu Rihmanu, zina \u0161o teicienu par tvaika dzin\u0113ja darb\u012bbu. Ikviens, kur\u0161 to nezina, ir vismaz dzird\u0113jis par Google, kas m\u016bsdien\u0101s, iesp\u0113jams, ir viena no visbie\u017e\u0101k izmantotaj\u0101m mekl\u0113t\u0101jprogramm\u0101m internet\u0101.....&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2021\/08\/22\/internet-grundlagen-fuer-dummies\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Las\u012bt vair\u0101k \"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Interneta pamati manekeniem<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[360,364],"tags":[1051,1049,1048,576,1050,1052],"class_list":["post-604","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-haus-und-garten","category-internet-grundlagen-fuer-dummies","tag-dns","tag-grundlagen","tag-internet","tag-ip","tag-ipv6","tag-traceroute"],"modified_by":"Achim Goerner","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/604","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=604"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/604\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=604"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=604"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=604"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}