{"id":8971,"date":"2025-01-21T10:20:54","date_gmt":"2025-01-21T10:20:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/?p=8971"},"modified":"2025-01-21T15:55:51","modified_gmt":"2025-01-21T15:55:51","slug":"pasaules-religijas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2025\/01\/21\/weltreligionen\/","title":{"rendered":"Pasaules reli\u0123ijas"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Satura r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101js<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2025\/01\/21\/weltreligionen\/#Islam\" >Isl\u0101ms<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2025\/01\/21\/weltreligionen\/#Hinduismus\" >Hinduisms<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2025\/01\/21\/weltreligionen\/#Buddhismus\" >Budisms<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2025\/01\/21\/weltreligionen\/#Judentum\" >J\u016bdaisms<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2025\/01\/21\/weltreligionen\/#Sikhismus\" >Sikhisms<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2025\/01\/21\/weltreligionen\/#Bahai-Glaube\" >Baha tic\u012bba<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2025\/01\/21\/weltreligionen\/#Daoismus\" >Daoisms<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2025\/01\/21\/weltreligionen\/#Konfuzianismus\" >Konfuci\u0101nisms<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2025\/01\/21\/weltreligionen\/#Shintoismus\" >\u0160intoisms<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Las\u012b\u0161anas laiks<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 22<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">protokols<\/span><\/span>\n<p>Vispaz\u012bstam\u0101k\u0101s pasaules reli\u0123ijas ir <em>Isl\u0101ms<\/em>, <em>Hinduisms<\/em>, <em>Budisms<\/em>, <em>J\u016bdaisms<\/em>, <em>Sikhisms<\/em>, <em>Baha tic\u012bba<\/em>, <em>Daoisms<\/em>, <em><em>Konfuci\u0101nisms<\/em><\/em> un <em>\u0160intoisms<\/em>kas \u012bsum\u0101 aprakst\u012bti turpm\u0101k.<br>Papildus kristiet\u012bbai, kur\u0101 pasaul\u0113 dz\u012bvo aptuveni 2,3 miljardi cilv\u0113ku, ir v\u0113l devi\u0146as citas liel\u0101k\u0101s reli\u0123ijas (dilsto\u0161\u0101 sec\u012bb\u0101):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Islam\"><\/span>Isl\u0101ms<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Port\u0101ls <em>Isl\u0101ms<\/em> ir aptuveni 1,9 miljardi sekot\u0101ju vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka <em>Isl\u0101ms<\/em> otr\u0101 liel\u0101k\u0101 reli\u0123ija pasaul\u0113. Liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca <em>Musulma\u0146i<\/em> dz\u012bvo \u0100zij\u0101, jo \u012bpa\u0161i t\u0101d\u0101s valst\u012bs k\u0101 Indon\u0113zija, Pakist\u0101na, Indija, Banglade\u0161a, Turcija un Ir\u0101na. Lielas musulma\u0146u kopienas ir ar\u012b \u0100frik\u0101, Tuvajos Austrumos un Eirop\u0101, k\u0101 ar\u012b pieaugo\u0161ais iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju skaits Zieme\u013camerik\u0101 un Austr\u0101lij\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Port\u0101ls <em>Isl\u0101ms<\/em> ir balst\u012bta uz m\u0101c\u012bb\u0101m <em>Pravietis Muhameds<\/em> un sv\u0113t\u0101 gr\u0101mata <em>Kor\u0101ns<\/em>. <em>Musulma\u0146i<\/em> tic\u0113t vienam Dievam, <em>Allah<\/em>un sekojiet l\u012bdzi <em>Pieci isl\u0101ma p\u012bl\u0101ri<\/em>kas atspogu\u013co galven\u0101s tic\u012bbas un r\u012bc\u012bbas prakses. Divi liel\u0101kie str\u0101vojumi <em>Isl\u0101ms<\/em> ir <em>Sunn\u012bti<\/em> un <em>\u0160i\u012bti<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Port\u0101ls <em>Isl\u0101ms<\/em> ir monoteistiska reli\u0123ija, kas uzsver tic\u012bbu vienam Dievam (Dievam), pravie\u0161iem, Kor\u0101nam, e\u0146\u0123e\u013ciem un p\u0113d\u0113jai dienai. Pieci p\u012bl\u0101ri <em>Isl\u0101ms<\/em> veido isl\u0101ma prakses pamatu un ietver tic\u012bbas apliecin\u0101\u0161anu, l\u016bg\u0161anu, \u017e\u0113last\u012bbas do\u0161anu, gav\u0113ni un sv\u0113tce\u013cojumus. . <em>Isl\u0101ms<\/em> pie\u0161\u0137ir lielu noz\u012bmi mor\u0101lei, \u0113tiskai uzved\u012bbai, tic\u012bgo kopienai un katra indiv\u012bda atbild\u012bbai Dieva priek\u0161\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>'1. <strong>Tic\u012bba vienam Dievam (Allah)<\/strong>Monoteisms (Tawhid): . <em>Isl\u0101ms<\/em> ir stingri monoteistiska reli\u0123ija. Tic\u012bgie <em>Isl\u0101ms<\/em> tic Allah k\u0101 vien\u012bgais Dievs. Dievs ir Visuma Rad\u012bt\u0101js, visvarenais, viszin\u012bgais un \u017e\u0113lsird\u012bgais. Vi\u0146am nav partneru un b\u0113rnu. Tic\u012bba Dievam ir galvenais princips. <em>Isl\u0101ms<\/em>.<br><strong>Dieva vienot\u012bba (Tawhid)<\/strong> noz\u012bm\u0113, ka Dievs ir unik\u0101ls sav\u0101 b\u016bt\u012bb\u0101, atrib\u016btiem un gribas, un bez Vi\u0146a nevar piel\u016bgt nevienu subjektu vai dievu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. <strong>Tic\u012bba e\u0146\u0123e\u013ciem<\/strong>Musulma\u0146i tic e\u0146\u0123e\u013ciem k\u0101 dievi\u0161\u0137\u0101m b\u016btn\u0113m, kas kalpo Dievam un veic noteiktus uzdevumus. Vi\u0146i ir neredzami un nevar izdar\u012bt gr\u0113kus. Viens no paz\u012bstam\u0101kajiem e\u0146\u0123e\u013ciem ir D\u017eibrils (Gabri\u0113ls), kas pravie\u0161iem nodeva Allah atkl\u0101smes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. <strong>Tic\u012bba sv\u0113tajiem rakstiem<\/strong>Port\u0101ls <em>Isl\u0101ms<\/em> atz\u012bst vair\u0101kus sv\u0113tos rakstus atkl\u0101ja Allah. Svar\u012bg\u0101kie no tiem ir \u0161\u0101di:<br><strong>Kor\u0101ns<\/strong>P\u0113d\u0113jais un nek\u013c\u016bd\u012bgais Dieva v\u0101rds, ko Muhameds sa\u0146\u0113ma vair\u0101k nek\u0101 23 gadus caur e\u0146\u0123eli Gabri\u0113lu. Kor\u0101ns ir galven\u0101 reli\u0123isk\u0101 gr\u0101mata <em>Isl\u0101ms<\/em> un tiek uzskat\u012bts par gal\u012bgo un perfektu atkl\u0101smi.<br><strong>Taurat<\/strong> (Toru), <strong>Psalmi (Zabur)<\/strong> un <strong>Eva\u0146\u0123\u0113lijs (Injil)<\/strong>\u0160\u012bs gr\u0101matas iepriek\u0161 tika atkl\u0101tas pravie\u0161iem, piem\u0113ram, Mozum, D\u0101vidam un J\u0113zum. Kor\u0101ns uzskata, ka \u0161ie raksti ir patiesi, ta\u010du laika gait\u0101 tie ir main\u012bju\u0161ies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kor\u0101ns ir vissvar\u012bg\u0101kais isl\u0101ma doktr\u012bnas, likumu un mor\u0101lo v\u0113rt\u012bbu avots.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. <strong>Tic\u012bba pravie\u0161iem<\/strong>Port\u0101ls <em>Isl\u0101ms<\/em> m\u0101ca tic\u012bbu pravie\u0161iem k\u0101 dievi\u0161\u0137\u0101s v\u0113sts p\u0101rraid\u012bt\u0101jiem. Musulma\u0146i tic, ka gadsimtu gait\u0101 Dievs ir s\u016bt\u012bjis pravie\u0161us pie daudziem cilv\u0113kiem, lai pasludin\u0101tu Vi\u0146a v\u0113sti.<br>P\u0113d\u0113jais un vissvar\u012bg\u0101kais pravietis no <em>Isl\u0101ms<\/em> ir Muhameds, kur\u0161 tiek uzskat\u012bts par \"pravie\u0161u z\u012bmogu\". Vi\u0146\u0161 ir p\u0113d\u0113jais, caur kuru tika nos\u016bt\u012bta p\u0113d\u0113j\u0101 atkl\u0101sme - Kor\u0101ns. Citi svar\u012bgi pravie\u0161i <em>Isl\u0101ms<\/em> \u0100dams, Noa, \u0100brah\u0101ms, Mozus, D\u0101vids, J\u0113zus un daudzi citi.<br>Muhameds tiek uzskat\u012bts par perfektu cilv\u0113ku un paraugu visiem musulma\u0146iem. Vi\u0146a v\u0101rdi un darbi ir apkopoti had\u012bsos, kas ir svar\u012bgs isl\u0101ma prakses avots.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5. <strong>Tic\u012bba P\u0113d\u0113jai dienai (tiesas dienai)<\/strong>Musulma\u0146i tic P\u0113d\u0113jai dienai, kur\u0101 visi cilv\u0113ki atskait\u012bsies Dievam par saviem dz\u012bves darbiem. \u0160aj\u0101 dien\u0101 Visums tiks izn\u012bcin\u0101ts un visi cilv\u0113ki tiks aug\u0161\u0101mcelti. Katrs cilv\u0113ks tiks ties\u0101ts par saviem labajiem un sliktajiem darbiem, un gal\u012bgais spriedums noteiks, vai vi\u0146\u0161 non\u0101ks parad\u012bz\u0113 (D\u017eanna) vai ell\u0113 (D\u017eahannams).<br>Tic\u012bgie, kuri ir izpild\u012bju\u0161i savu pien\u0101kumu Allah atrad\u012bs m\u016b\u017e\u012bgu prieku parad\u012bz\u0113, bet tie, kuri ir nolaid\u012bgi savus pien\u0101kumus, var tikt sod\u012bti ar elli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6. <strong>Isl\u0101ma pieci p\u012bl\u0101ri<\/strong>: Pieci p\u012bl\u0101ri <em>Isl\u0101ms<\/em> ir reli\u0123iskie pamatpien\u0101kumi, kas j\u0101pilda katram musulmanim, lai dz\u012bvotu Dievam t\u012bkamu dz\u012bvi. Tie ir \u0161\u0101di:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0160ahada (tic\u012bbas apliecin\u0101jums)<\/strong>Allaha k\u0101 vien\u012bg\u0101 Dieva un Muhameda k\u0101 Vi\u0146a pravie\u0161a atz\u012b\u0161ana. Taj\u0101 ir teikts: \"Nav cita dieva, k\u0101 tikai Dievs, un Muhameds ir Dieva v\u0113stnesis.\"<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sal\u0101ti (l\u016bg\u0161ana)<\/strong>Musulma\u0146iem ir pien\u0101kums l\u016bgties piecas reizes dien\u0101 (Fajr, Dhuhr, Asr, Maghrib, Isha). \u0160\u012bs l\u016bg\u0161anas kalpo, lai savienotu tic\u012bgo ar Allah un l\u016bgtu Vi\u0146am vad\u012bbu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Zakats (\u017e\u0113last\u012bba)<\/strong>Musulma\u0146iem vajadz\u0113tu ziedot da\u013cu savu ien\u0101kumu labdar\u012bbai. Zakats ir oblig\u0101ts ziedojums 2,5 % apm\u0113r\u0101 no gada ien\u0101kumiem, lai pal\u012bdz\u0113tu tr\u016bc\u012bgajiem un veicin\u0101tu soci\u0101lo taisn\u012bgumu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sawm (gav\u0113\u0161ana Ramad\u0101na laik\u0101)<\/strong>Ramad\u0101na m\u0113ne\u0161a laik\u0101 musulma\u0146iem ir pien\u0101kums gav\u0113t no saull\u0113kta l\u012bdz saulrietam. Vi\u0146i atturas no \u0113\u0161anas, dzer\u0161anas, sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161anas un seksu\u0101l\u0101m aktivit\u0101t\u0113m, lai koncentr\u0113tos uz gar\u012bgu att\u012br\u012b\u0161anos un pa\u0161kontroli.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Had\u017es (sv\u0113tce\u013cojums uz Meku)<\/strong>Katram musulmanim, kur\u0161 ir finansi\u0101li un fiziski sp\u0113j\u012bgs, reizi m\u016b\u017e\u0101 vajadz\u0113tu doties sv\u0113tce\u013cojum\u0101 uz Meku. Had\u017es ir svar\u012bga isl\u0101ma tic\u012bbas sast\u0101vda\u013ca un apliecina musulma\u0146u vienot\u012bbu vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>7. <strong>Allah gribas (Qadar) j\u0113dziens<\/strong>Musulma\u0146i tic Qadar, kas noz\u012bm\u0113 tic\u012bbu dievi\u0161\u0137ajam liktenim. Viss, kas notiek Visum\u0101, ir atkar\u012bgs no Allah gribas. Taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101 cilv\u0113kiem ir br\u012bv\u012bba pie\u0146emt l\u0113mumus un uz\u0146emties atbild\u012bbu par savu r\u012bc\u012bbu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>8. <strong>Kopienas (Ummas) noz\u012bme<\/strong>Port\u0101ls <em>Isl\u0101ms<\/em> uzsver tic\u012bgo kopienas (ummas) noz\u012bmi. Musulma\u0146i ir da\u013ca no pasaules kopienas, kuru vieno kop\u012bga tic\u012bba Dievam un pravietim Muhamedam. Umma liek tic\u012bgajiem solidariz\u0113ties, atbalst\u012bt un b\u016bt br\u0101\u013ciem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>9. <strong>Mor\u0101les un \u0113tisko v\u0113rt\u012bbu noz\u012bme<\/strong>Port\u0101ls <em>Isl\u0101ms<\/em> uzsver mor\u0101lo un \u0113tisko v\u0113rt\u012bbu, piem\u0113ram, god\u012bguma, taisn\u012bguma, l\u012bdzj\u016bt\u012bbas, pietic\u012bbas un cie\u0146as pret citiem att\u012bst\u012b\u0161anu. Musulma\u0146i tiek mudin\u0101ti dz\u012bvot saska\u0146\u0101 ar Kor\u0101na un pravie\u0161a Muhameda m\u0101c\u012bbas principiem.<br>Ir ar\u012b daudzi noteikumi par savstarp\u0113j\u0101m attiec\u012bb\u0101m, piem\u0113ram, par attieksmi pret vec\u0101kiem, kaimi\u0146iem, b\u0101re\u0146iem un nabadz\u012bgajiem, k\u0101 ar\u012b par piedo\u0161anas un \u017e\u0113lsird\u012bbas noz\u012bmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>10. <strong>D\u017eihads (Sv\u0113tais kar\u0161)<\/strong>Termins d\u017eih\u0101ds burtiski noz\u012bm\u0113 \"centieni\" vai \"c\u012b\u0146a\". Tas attiecas uz tic\u012bg\u0101 cilv\u0113ka gar\u012bgo un mor\u0101lo c\u012b\u0146u, lai k\u013c\u016btu par lab\u0101ku cilv\u0113ku un piepild\u012btu Dieva gribu. \u0160is termins bie\u017ei tiek p\u0101rprasts, un daudzos kontekstos tas tiek saist\u012bts ar vardarb\u012bg\u0101m darb\u012bb\u0101m. Sav\u0101 s\u0101kotn\u0113j\u0101 kontekst\u0101 d\u017eih\u0101ds galvenok\u0101rt noz\u012bm\u0113 iek\u0161\u0113jo c\u012b\u0146u pret gr\u0113ku un centienus dz\u012bvot taisn\u012bgu dz\u012bvi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hinduismus\"><\/span>Hinduisms<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Aptuveni 1,2 miljardi cilv\u0113ku, galvenok\u0101rt Indij\u0101 un Nep\u0101l\u0101, ir iesaist\u012bju\u0161ies <em>Hinduisms<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Port\u0101ls <em>Hinduisms<\/em> ir tre\u0161\u0101 liel\u0101k\u0101 reli\u0123ija pasaul\u0113. Liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca <em>Hinduisti<\/em> dz\u012bvo Indij\u0101, kur aptuveni 80 % iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju pieder \u0161ai reli\u0123ijai, k\u0101 ar\u012b Nep\u0101l\u0101, kur pie \u0161\u012bs reli\u0123ijas pieder aptuveni 80 % iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju. <em>Hinduisms<\/em> ir valsts reli\u0123ija, k\u0101 ar\u012b Banglade\u0161\u0101, Indon\u0113zij\u0101 un cit\u0101s Dienvid\u0101zijas valst\u012bs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Iev\u0113rojamas hinduistu kopienas ir ar\u012b Rietumvalst\u012bs, jo \u012bpa\u0161i migr\u0101cijas rezult\u0101t\u0101, piem\u0113ram, ASV, Apvienotaj\u0101 Karalist\u0113, Kan\u0101d\u0101, Fid\u017ei un Maur\u012bcij\u0101. . <em>Hinduisms<\/em> ir viena no sen\u0101kaj\u0101m reli\u0123ij\u0101m pasaul\u0113, un tai rakstur\u012bga da\u017e\u0101du prak\u0161u, filozofiju un trad\u012bciju daudzveid\u012bba, bez vienotas strukt\u016bras vai sv\u0113tajiem rakstiem, k\u0101 tas ir, piem\u0113ram, reli\u0123ij\u0101 <em>Kristiet\u012bba<\/em> vai <em>Isl\u0101ms<\/em> ir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Port\u0101ls <em>Hinduisms<\/em> ir reli\u0123iska trad\u012bcija, kuras pamat\u0101 ir dzi\u013ca gar\u012bg\u0101 filozofija, kas uzsver centienus p\u0113c apgaism\u012bbas, cie\u0161anu p\u0101rvar\u0113\u0161anas un savieno\u0161an\u0101s ar dievi\u0161\u0137o. T\u0101s galvenie tic\u0113jumi ietver ideju par Brahmanu k\u0101 augst\u0101ko dievu, Atmanu k\u0101 nemirst\u012bgu dv\u0113seli, karmas likumiem, sams\u0101ras ciklu un atbr\u012bvo\u0161an\u0101s m\u0113r\u0137i mok\u0161a. Turkl\u0101t tic\u012bgo ikdienas dz\u012bv\u0113 galven\u0101 noz\u012bme ir jogas praksei, medit\u0101cijai un diev\u012bbu piel\u016bg\u0161anai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1. <strong>Monoteisms un politeisms<\/strong>: Tic\u012bba augst\u0101kajai b\u016btnei (Brahmanam): The <em>Hinduisms<\/em> tic vien\u012bgajam, bezgal\u012bgajam un visaptvero\u0161ajam dievi\u0161\u0137ajam principam, ko sauc par Brahmanu un kas veido Visuma pamatu. Brahmanu uzskata par transcendentu un imanentu, t. i., tas ir gan \u0101rpus vis\u0101m form\u0101m, gan kl\u0101teso\u0161s vis\u0101.<br><strong>Da\u017e\u0101das diev\u012bbas<\/strong>Lai gan Brahmans ir augst\u0101kais princips, praks\u0113 tas bie\u017ei tiek piel\u016bgts ar da\u017e\u0101du diev\u012bbu starpniec\u012bbu, kas p\u0101rst\u0101v Brahma\u0146a aspektus. \u0160\u012bs diev\u012bbas, piem\u0113ram, Brahma (rad\u012bt\u0101js), Vi\u0161nu (saglab\u0101t\u0101js), \u0160iva (izn\u012bcin\u0101t\u0101js) un daudzas citas, ir da\u013ca no daudzveid\u012bbas, kas izpau\u017eas daudzveid\u012bgaj\u0101 <em>Hinduisms<\/em>. Katrai diev\u012bbai ir sava v\u0113sture, aspekti un piel\u016bgsmes veidi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. <strong>Atmans (nemirst\u012bg\u0101 dv\u0113sele)<\/strong>In the <em>Hinduisms<\/em> katrs cilv\u0113ks tiek uzskat\u012bts par da\u013cu no bezgal\u012bg\u0101 Brahma\u0146a, un cilv\u0113ka patiesais \"es\" ir Atmans, nemirst\u012bg\u0101 dv\u0113sele. Atmans ir dievi\u0161\u0137s un nep\u0101rejo\u0161s, to neietekm\u0113 dzim\u0161ana un n\u0101ve, bet tas ir iesaist\u012bts m\u016b\u017e\u012bgaj\u0101 atdzim\u0161anas cikl\u0101 (samsar\u0101).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. <strong>Samsara un reinkarn\u0101cija<\/strong>: <strong>Samsara<\/strong> attiecas uz dzim\u0161anas, n\u0101ves un atdzim\u0161anas ciklu. Hinduisti tic, ka dv\u0113sele p\u0113c n\u0101ves atdzimst jaun\u0101 \u0137ermen\u012b. \u0160\u012b atdzim\u0161ana ir atkar\u012bga no karmas - indiv\u012bda darb\u012bb\u0101m iepriek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 dz\u012bv\u0113. Labi darbi noved pie lab\u0101kas atdzim\u0161anas, bet slikti darbi - pie slikt\u0101kas dz\u012bves.<br>Hinduistu gal\u012bgais m\u0113r\u0137is ir izk\u013c\u016bt no \u0161\u012b sams\u0101ras cikla un sasniegt mok\u0161u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. <strong>Karma un dharma: Karma<\/strong> ir c\u0113lo\u0146u un seku likums. Tas nosaka, ka katrai darb\u012bbai - gan labai, gan sliktai - ir sekas, kas izpau\u017eas n\u0101kamaj\u0101 dz\u012bv\u0113. Karma ietekm\u0113 cilv\u0113ka dz\u012bvi un nosaka vi\u0146a p\u0101rdzim\u0161anu.<br><strong>Dharma<\/strong> attiecas uz indiv\u012bda \u0113tiskajiem un mor\u0101lajiem pien\u0101kumiem, kas ir saska\u0146\u0101 ar kosmisko k\u0101rt\u012bbu un soci\u0101laj\u0101m norm\u0101m. Dharma ir individu\u0101la un var at\u0161\u0137irties atkar\u012bb\u0101 no vecuma, dzimuma, profesijas un soci\u0101l\u0101 st\u0101vok\u013ca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5. <strong>Mok\u0161a (atbr\u012bvo\u0161an\u0101s)<\/strong>: <strong>Moksha<\/strong> ir gal\u012bgais m\u0113r\u0137is <em>Hinduisms<\/em> un noz\u012bm\u0113 atbr\u012bvo\u0161anos no sams\u0101ras, atdzim\u0161anas un cie\u0161anu cikla. Mok\u0161a tiek sasniegts, kad dv\u0113sele apzin\u0101s savu patieso dabu un savienojas ar Brahmanu. Tas notiek, \u012bstenojot gar\u012bgo apzi\u0146u, nodo\u0161anos, medit\u0101ciju un iev\u0113rojot dievi\u0161\u0137os principus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6. <strong>Hinduisma sv\u0113tie raksti<\/strong>Port\u0101ls <em>Hinduisms<\/em> ir daudz sv\u0113to rakstu. Svar\u012bg\u0101kie no tiem ir \u0161\u0101di:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Vedas<\/strong>: Vec\u0101kie un vissv\u0113t\u0101kie teksti par <em>Hinduisms<\/em>kuros ir litur\u0123isk\u0101s himnas, l\u016bg\u0161anas un filozofiskas m\u0101c\u012bbas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Upani\u0161adas<\/strong>Filozofiski raksti, kas sniedz dzi\u013c\u0101ku gar\u012bgu ieskatu par Brahmanu, Atmanu un realit\u0101tes b\u016bt\u012bbu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bhagavadgita<\/strong>Noz\u012bm\u012bga da\u013ca no eposa \"Mahabharata\", kur\u0101 att\u0113lots prin\u010da Ard\u017eunas un dieva Kri\u0161nas dialogs. Bhagavadgit\u0101 ir apl\u016bkotas dharmas, karmas, bhakti (ziedo\u0161an\u0101s) un mok\u0161as t\u0113mas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ramajana un Mahabharata<\/strong>Divas lieliskas eposu pasakas, kas st\u0101sta par Ramu un Kri\u0161nu un ietver svar\u012bgas mor\u0101les un filozofijas atzi\u0146as.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>7. <strong>Joga un medit\u0101cija<\/strong>Joga ir gar\u012bga prakse, kuras m\u0113r\u0137is ir att\u012br\u012bt \u0137ermeni un pr\u0101tu, ieg\u016bt kontroli p\u0101r savu pr\u0101tu un sasniegt gar\u012bgu realiz\u0101ciju. Ir da\u017e\u0101di jogas veidi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Hatha joga<\/strong>: Fiziskie vingrin\u0101jumi vesel\u012bbas un gar\u012bg\u0101s skaidr\u012bbas veicin\u0101\u0161anai.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Karma joga<\/strong>Nesavt\u012bgas kalpo\u0161anas un darb\u012bbas ce\u013c\u0161 bez pie\u0137er\u0161an\u0101s rezult\u0101tam.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bhakti joga<\/strong>Atdeves un dievi\u0161\u0137\u0101 piel\u016bgsmes ce\u013c\u0161.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>D\u017enana joga<\/strong>: Gudr\u012bbas un izpratnes ce\u013c\u0161 par Sevi un Brahmanu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rad\u017ea joga<\/strong>Karaliskais ce\u013c\u0161, kas ietver medit\u0101ciju un gar\u012bgo discipl\u012bnu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Medit\u0101cija ir galven\u0101 jogas un gar\u012bg\u0101s dz\u012bves sast\u0101vda\u013ca, lai nomierin\u0101tu pr\u0101tu un izjustu augst\u0101ko Es.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>8. <strong>Kastu sist\u0113ma (Varna sist\u0113ma)<\/strong>Kastu sist\u0113ma, ko d\u0113v\u0113 ar\u012b par varnu sist\u0113mu, iedala sabiedr\u012bbu \u010detr\u0101s galvenaj\u0101s kategorij\u0101s jeb \"varn\u0101s\":<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Brahmi\u0146i<\/strong> (Priesteri un zin\u0101tnieki)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>K\u0161atriji<\/strong> (Karav\u012bri un valdnieki)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vaishyas<\/strong> (Tirgot\u0101ji un lauksaimnieki)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0160udras<\/strong> (str\u0101dnieki un kalpi)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tom\u0113r m\u016bsdienu praks\u0113 \u0161\u012b kategoriz\u0101cija nav pretrun\u012bga un ir novedusi pie soci\u0101l\u0101s netaisn\u012bbas, jo \u012bpa\u0161i dal\u012btu (agr\u0101k \"nepieskaramo\") diskrimin\u0101cijas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>9. <strong>Festiv\u0101li un ritu\u0101li<\/strong>Port\u0101ls <em>Hinduisms<\/em> ietver da\u017e\u0101dus sv\u0113tkus un ritu\u0101lus, kas tiek svin\u0113ti da\u017e\u0101dos re\u0123ionos un kopien\u0101s. Da\u017ei no paz\u012bstam\u0101kajiem sv\u0113tkiem ir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Diwali<\/strong>Gaismas sv\u0113tki, kas svin gaismas uzvaru p\u0101r tumsu un lab\u0101 uzvaru p\u0101r \u013cauno.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Holi<\/strong>Pavasara kr\u0101su festiv\u0101ls, kas godina Kri\u0161nas un Radhas m\u012blest\u012bbu un simboliz\u0113 dz\u012bves prieku.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Navaratri<\/strong>Devi\u0146as dienas ilgs festiv\u0101ls, kas velt\u012bts dievietei Durgai, svinot lab\u0101 uzvaru p\u0101r \u013cauno.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ritu\u0101liem un ceremonij\u0101m bie\u017ei ir liela noz\u012bme. <em>Hinduisms<\/em>Svar\u012bg\u0101kie dz\u012bves notikumi ir diev\u012bbu pud\u017eas (dievkalpojumi), sen\u010du piel\u016bgsme un sv\u0113tki, kas saist\u012bti ar svar\u012bgiem dz\u012bves notikumiem, piem\u0113ram, dzim\u0161anu, laul\u012bb\u0101m un n\u0101vi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>10. <strong>Da\u017e\u0101d\u012bba un ieciet\u012bba<\/strong>Port\u0101ls <em>Hinduisms<\/em> ir paz\u012bstama ar savu trad\u012bciju, filozofiju un prakses daudzveid\u012bbu. T\u0101 uzsver ieciet\u012bbu pret da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m tic\u012bb\u0101m un populariz\u0113 ideju, ka ir daudz ce\u013cu uz apgaism\u012bbu un dievi\u0161\u0137\u0101 izpratni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Buddhismus\"><\/span>Budisms<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Port\u0101ls <em>Budisms<\/em> ir aptuveni 520 miljoni cilv\u0113ku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Liel\u0101kais skaits <em>Budisti<\/em> dz\u012bvo \u0100zij\u0101, jo \u012bpa\u0161i t\u0101d\u0101s valst\u012bs k\u0101 \u0136\u012bna, Taizeme, Vjetnama, Mjanma, \u0160rilanka, Kambod\u017ea, Jap\u0101na, Koreja un Tibeta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Port\u0101ls <em>Budisms<\/em> ir \u013coti daudzveid\u012bga reli\u0123ija, kas tiek praktiz\u0113ta da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s trad\u012bcij\u0101s. Noz\u012bm\u012bg\u0101kie str\u0101vojumi ir <em>Theravada budisms<\/em>kas ir \u012bpa\u0161i izplat\u012bta Dienvidaustrum\u0101zij\u0101. <em>Mahaj\u0101nas budisms<\/em>kas domin\u0113 Austrum\u0101zij\u0101 (ieskaitot \u0136\u012bnu, Jap\u0101nu un Koreju), un Vad\u017erajana-<em>Budisms<\/em>kas tiek praktiz\u0113ts Tibet\u0101 un Himalaju re\u0123ionos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lai gan <em>Budisms<\/em> ir \u012bpa\u0161i izplat\u012bta \u0100zij\u0101, pieaug ar\u012b to skaits. <em>Budistu kopienas<\/em> Rietumvalst\u012bs, kas aizvien vair\u0101k g\u016bst sekot\u0101jus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Port\u0101ls <em>Budisms<\/em> ir gar\u012bga prakse, kas uzsver ce\u013cu uz apgaism\u012bbu, p\u0101rvarot cie\u0161anas un att\u012bstot gudr\u012bbu, l\u012bdzj\u016bt\u012bbu un apzin\u0101t\u012bbu. Galvenie tic\u0113jumi ietver cie\u0161anu un to c\u0113lo\u0146u izpratni, c\u0113l\u0101 asto\u0146k\u0101r\u0161\u0101 ce\u013ca praksi, nemain\u012bguma un \"ne-sava\" j\u0113dzienu, k\u0101 ar\u012b nirv\u0101nas - atbr\u012bvo\u0161an\u0101s un iek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 miera st\u0101vok\u013ca - sasnieg\u0161anu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1. <strong>\u010cetras c\u0113lsird\u012bg\u0101s paties\u012bbas<\/strong>: \u010cetras c\u0113lsird\u012bg\u0101s paties\u012bbas ir pamatkoncepcija par <em>Budisms<\/em> un veido visas prakses pamatu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Cie\u0161anu paties\u012bba (Dukkha)<\/strong>Dz\u012bve p\u0113c savas b\u016bt\u012bbas ir saist\u012bta ar cie\u0161an\u0101m un neapmierin\u0101t\u012bbu, neatkar\u012bgi no t\u0101, vai t\u0101s ir fiziskas vai psiholo\u0123iskas cie\u0161anas. Viss dz\u012bv\u0113 ir p\u0101rejo\u0161s, un pat pat\u012bkamus p\u0101rdz\u012bvojumus pavada cie\u0161anas, jo tie galu gal\u0101 ir nepast\u0101v\u012bgi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Paties\u012bba par cie\u0161anu izcelsmi (Samudaya)<\/strong>Cie\u0161anas rodas no v\u0113lmes (tanha), pie\u0137er\u0161an\u0101s un nezin\u0101\u0161anas. \u0160\u012bs v\u0113lmes un pie\u0137er\u0161an\u0101s izraisa alkas un pie\u0137er\u0161anos liet\u0101m, kas nav past\u0101v\u012bgas, un tas savuk\u0101rt rada cie\u0161anas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Paties\u012bba par cie\u0161anu izbeig\u0161anos (Nirodha)<\/strong>Past\u0101v st\u0101voklis, kur\u0101 cie\u0161anas ir p\u0101rvar\u0113tas. \u0160is st\u0101voklis ir nirv\u0101na, cie\u0161anu gal\u012bgais gals, kas tiek sasniegts, atsakoties no alku un pie\u0137er\u0161an\u0101s.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Paties\u012bba par ce\u013cu uz cie\u0161anu izbeig\u0161anu (Magga)<\/strong>Ce\u013c\u0161 uz cie\u0161anu izbeig\u0161anu ir c\u0113lais asto\u0146k\u0101r\u0161ais ce\u013c\u0161, kas ietver vair\u0101kas \u0113tiskas un praktiskas discipl\u012bnas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>2. <strong>Cien\u012bgais asto\u0146k\u0101r\u0161ais ce\u013c\u0161<\/strong>C\u0113l\u0101 asto\u0146k\u0101r\u0161\u0101 ce\u013ca ce\u013c\u0161 ir ce\u013c\u0161, kas ved uz cie\u0161anu p\u0101rvar\u0113\u0161anu un apgaism\u012bbas sasnieg\u0161anu. Tas ietver:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Skats pa labi<\/strong> (Gudr\u012bba): Pareiza izpratne par realit\u0101tes b\u016bt\u012bbu, jo \u012bpa\u0161i par \u010cetr\u0101m c\u0113laj\u0101m paties\u012bb\u0101m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pareizais nodoms<\/strong> (gudr\u012bba): Mudr\u012bba: l\u012bdzj\u016bt\u012bbas, pa\u0161aizliedz\u012bbas un nodoma p\u0101rvar\u0113t cie\u0161anas attieksme.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pareiz\u0101 runa<\/strong> (\u0113tika): God\u012bga, labv\u0113l\u012bga un konstrukt\u012bva sazi\u0146a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pareiza r\u012bc\u012bba<\/strong> (\u0112tika): \u0112tiska uzved\u012bba, kas atbilst mor\u0101les principiem, piem\u0113ram, izvair\u012b\u0161an\u0101s no slepkav\u012bb\u0101m, z\u0101dz\u012bb\u0101m un neciviliz\u0113tas uzved\u012bbas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ties\u012bbas uz iztiku<\/strong> (\u0113tika): \u0112tika: dz\u012bve, kur\u0101 tiek iev\u0113roti \u0113tikas principi un kur\u0101 netiek veiktas kait\u012bgas darb\u012bbas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pareizas p\u016bles<\/strong> (medit\u0101cija): centieni izvair\u012bties no kait\u012bg\u0101m dom\u0101m un att\u012bst\u012bt pozit\u012bvas \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pareizs pr\u0101ts<\/strong> (medit\u0101cija): Uzman\u012bba un apzin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s katr\u0101 darb\u012bb\u0101 un mirkl\u012b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pareiz\u0101 koncentr\u0101cija<\/strong> (Medit\u0101cija): Medit\u0101cija: medit\u0101cijas prakse, lai sasniegtu iek\u0161\u0113ju mieru un iedzi\u013cin\u0101\u0161anos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>3. <strong>Anatta (ne-sava) j\u0113dziens<\/strong>In the <em>Budisms<\/em> ir anatta, \"ne-sava\" vai \"n\u0113-sava\" j\u0113dziens. Tas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka nav past\u0101v\u012bga, nemain\u012bga \"es\" vai \"es\". Viss, ko m\u0113s uztveram k\u0101 \"es\" - m\u016bsu \u0137erme\u0146i, domas un emocijas -, ir nepast\u0101v\u012bgs un sast\u0101v tikai no pl\u016bsto\u0161as pieredzes pl\u016bsmas. Liela da\u013ca m\u016bsu cie\u0161anu ir saist\u012btas ar pie\u0137er\u0161anos nemain\u012bgai \"es\" idejai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. <strong>P\u0101rejo\u0161uma (ani\u010dkas) j\u0113dziens<\/strong>Anikka noz\u012bm\u0113 \"p\u0101rejo\u0161s\". Viss dz\u012bv\u0113 ir nemit\u012bg\u0101 main\u012bb\u0101 - nekas nepaliek nemain\u012bgs uz visiem laikiem. Viss, kas eksist\u0113, ir pak\u013cauts past\u0101v\u012bgam p\u0101rmai\u0146u procesam. \u0160\u012b atzi\u0146a ved pie atzi\u0146as, ka tur\u0113\u0161an\u0101s pie p\u0101rejo\u0161\u0101m liet\u0101m rada cie\u0161anas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5. <strong>Karma un atdzim\u0161ana<\/strong>Karma ir c\u0113lo\u0146u un seku likums. Tas nosaka, ka katrai darb\u012bbai - fiziskai, verb\u0101lai vai gar\u012bgai - ir sekas. Labas darb\u012bbas rada pozit\u012bvus rezult\u0101tus, savuk\u0101rt kait\u012bgas darb\u012bbas rada negat\u012bvu karmu, kas savuk\u0101rt var izrais\u012bt cie\u0161anas n\u0101kotn\u0113.<br>Atdzim\u0161ana ir v\u0113l viens centr\u0101lais j\u0113dziens <em>Budisms<\/em>. Runa nav par nemirst\u012bgu dv\u0113seli, bet gan par nep\u0101rtrauktu karmisko ener\u0123iju pl\u016bsmu, kas nosaka atdzim\u0161anu jaun\u0101 dz\u012bv\u0113. M\u0113r\u0137is ir p\u0101rvar\u0113t atdzim\u0161anas ciklu (samsaru) un sasniegt nirv\u0101nu - atbr\u012bvo\u0161an\u0101s st\u0101vokli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6. <strong>Nirv\u0101na (apgaism\u012bba)<\/strong>Nirv\u0101na ir gal\u012bgais galam\u0113r\u0137is <em>Budisms<\/em>. Tas ir apskaidr\u012bbas st\u0101voklis, atbr\u012bvo\u0161an\u0101s no sams\u0101ras (dzim\u0161anas, n\u0101ves un atdzim\u0161anas cikla) un cie\u0161an\u0101m. Nirv\u0101na noz\u012bm\u0113 piln\u012bgu atteik\u0161anos no pie\u0137er\u0161an\u0101s, v\u0113lm\u0113m un nezin\u0101\u0161anas, k\u0101 ar\u012b iek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 miera un gudr\u012bbas sasnieg\u0161anu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>7. <strong>L\u012bdzj\u016bt\u012bba (Karuna) un gudr\u012bba (Prad\u017ena)<\/strong>: L\u012bdzj\u016bt\u012bba (Karuna) ir galven\u0101 v\u0113rt\u012bba <em>Budisms<\/em>. Tas noz\u012bm\u0113 atz\u012bt citu cilv\u0113ku cie\u0161anas un str\u0101d\u0101t vi\u0146u lab\u0101. Gudr\u012bba (prajna) ir izpratne par realit\u0101tes patieso dabu, visu lietu nepast\u0101v\u012bbas un tuk\u0161uma apzin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>8. <strong>Medit\u0101cija un apzin\u0101t\u012bba<\/strong>Medit\u0101cija ir b\u016btiska prakse <em>Budisms<\/em>. T\u0101 pal\u012bdz att\u012bst\u012bt apzin\u0101t\u012bbu, koncentr\u0113\u0161anos un gudr\u012bbu. Da\u017e\u0101das medit\u0101cijas prakses, piem\u0113ram, Vipassana (iedzi\u013cin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s medit\u0101cija) un Samatha (nomierin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s), tiek izmantotas, lai nomierin\u0101tu pr\u0101tu, uzlabotu apzi\u0146u un g\u016btu dzi\u013c\u0101ku ieskatu lietu patiesaj\u0101 b\u016bt\u012bb\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>9. <strong>Pieci Silas (\u0113tika)<\/strong>Port\u0101ls <strong>Pieci Silas<\/strong> ir fundament\u0101li \u0113tiskie bau\u0161\u013ci, kas j\u0101iev\u0113ro ikdienas dz\u012bv\u0113:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Neizn\u012bcin\u0101t<\/strong>Cie\u0146a pret visu dz\u012bv\u012bbu un izvair\u012b\u0161an\u0101s no vardarb\u012bbas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nekr\u0101piet<\/strong>god\u012bgums un cie\u0146a pret citu \u012bpa\u0161umu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nav seksu\u0101la rakstura p\u0101rk\u0101pumu<\/strong>Cie\u0146a un atbild\u012bba attiec\u012bb\u0101s.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nemelojiet<\/strong>: Patiesums komunik\u0101cij\u0101.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nav intoksik\u0101cijas<\/strong>Izvairieties no narkotik\u0101m vai alkohola, kas aptum\u0161o pr\u0101tu un trauc\u0113 apzin\u0101t\u012bbu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Judentum\"><\/span>J\u016bdaisms<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Port\u0101ls <em>J\u016bdaisms<\/em> zina aptuveni 15 miljoni cilv\u0113ku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Liel\u0101kais <em>Ebreju kopiena<\/em> dz\u012bvo Izra\u0113l\u0101, kur aptuveni 6,9 milj. <em>Ebreji<\/em> kam seko Amerikas Savienot\u0101s Valstis, kur\u0101m ir otrais liel\u0101kais <em>Ebreju iedz\u012bvot\u0101ji<\/em> ar aptuveni 5,7 miljoniem iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju. Citi svar\u012bgi <em>Ebreju kopienas<\/em> past\u0101v t\u0101d\u0101s valst\u012bs k\u0101 Francija, Kan\u0101da, Apvienot\u0101 Karaliste un Argent\u012bna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Port\u0101ls <em>J\u016bdaisms<\/em> ir viena no sen\u0101kaj\u0101m monoteistiskaj\u0101m reli\u0123ij\u0101m pasaul\u0113, un t\u0101s pamat\u0101 ir sv\u0113tie Toras raksti. T\u0101 ir gan reli\u0123ija, gan kult\u016bras identit\u0101te, kas ir cie\u0161i saist\u012bta ar v\u0113sturi un trad\u012bcij\u0101m. <em>Ebreju tauta<\/em> ir savienots.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1. <strong>Monoteisms<\/strong>: Galvenais tic\u0113jums <em>J\u016bdaisms<\/em> ir monoteisms - tic\u012bba vienam visvarenam, visvarenam, viszin\u012bgam un neredzamam Dievam. \u0160is Dievs, saukts par Jahvi, ir Visuma rad\u012bt\u0101js un visas dz\u012bv\u012bbas avots. Vi\u0146\u0161 ir m\u016b\u017e\u012bgs un nemain\u012bgs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. <strong>Der\u012bba starp Dievu un Isra\u0113la tautu<\/strong>Port\u0101ls <em>J\u016bdaisms<\/em> pamat\u0101 ir der\u012bba starp Dievu un Izra\u0113la tautu. \u0160\u012b der\u012bba vispirms tika nosl\u0113gta ar \u0100brah\u0101mu, kur\u0161 tiek uzskat\u012bts par ebreju tautas t\u0113vu. V\u0113l\u0101k der\u012bba tika atjaunota ar Mozu, kad vi\u0146\u0161 izveda Isra\u0113la tautu no verdz\u012bbas \u0112\u0123ipt\u0113 un deva tai Toru (likumu).<br>Der\u012bba uzliek ebreju tautai pien\u0101kumu iev\u0113rot Dieva bau\u0161\u013cus, un pret\u012b Dievs apsola aizsarg\u0101t un sv\u0113t\u012bt tautu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. <strong>Tora un bau\u0161\u013ci<\/strong>: Tora ir sv\u0113ts teksts par <em>J\u016bdaisms<\/em> un ietver pirm\u0101s piecas B\u012bbeles gr\u0101matas (1. Mozus, 2. Mozus, 3. Mozus, 3. Mozus, 4. Mozus, 5. Mozus). Taj\u0101 ir gan v\u0113sturiski st\u0101sti, gan likumi, kas regul\u0113 j\u016bdu dz\u012bvi un reli\u0123isko praksi.<br>Tor\u0101 ir 613 bau\u0161\u013ci (micvoti), kas regul\u0113 tic\u012bgo uzved\u012bbu. Tie ietver gan reli\u0123iskus, gan mor\u0101lus noteikumus un attiecas uz ikdienas dz\u012bvi, piem\u0113ram, uztura (ko\u0161era), l\u016bg\u0161anu, sabata un sv\u0113tku dien\u0101m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. <strong>Lab\u0101 un \u013caun\u0101 j\u0113dziens<\/strong>In the <em>J\u016bdaisms<\/em> past\u0101v ideja, ka cilv\u0113ki ir apvelt\u012bti ar br\u012bvu gribu un t\u0101p\u0113c var izv\u0113l\u0113ties starp labo un \u013cauno. Tikkun Olam (pasaules uzlabo\u0161ana) ir princips, kas uzsver atbild\u012bbu dar\u012bt labu un uzlabot dz\u012bvi gan indiv\u012bdam, gan sabiedr\u012bbai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5. <strong>Mesijas noz\u012bme<\/strong>Port\u0101ls <em>J\u016bdaisms<\/em> tic, ka n\u0101kotn\u0113 atn\u0101ks Mesija, gl\u0101b\u0113js, kur\u0161 atnes\u012bs mieru uz zemes, aizved\u012bs ebreju tautu atpaka\u013c uz apsol\u012bto zemi un vad\u012bs pasauli uz labkl\u0101j\u012bbas un taisn\u012bguma laiku. Tom\u0113r Mesija v\u0113l nav n\u0101cis, un tas netiek uzskat\u012bts par dievi\u0161\u0137u fig\u016bru, k\u0101 tas ir kristiet\u012bb\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6. <strong>Dz\u012bve p\u0113c n\u0101ves<\/strong>: Viedok\u013ci par dz\u012bvi p\u0113c n\u0101ves ir \u013coti at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgi. <em>J\u016bdaisms<\/em> daudzveid\u012bgi. Nav vienotas koncepcijas, ta\u010du daudzi j\u016bdi tic, ka past\u0101v k\u0101da miru\u0161o aug\u0161\u0101mcel\u0161an\u0101s un P\u0113d\u0113j\u0101 tiesa, kur\u0101 katrs cilv\u0113ks atbild par savu dz\u012bvi. Da\u017eas j\u016bdu pl\u016bsmas uzsver atl\u012bdz\u012bbas un soda j\u0113dzienu p\u0113cn\u0101ves dz\u012bv\u0113, savuk\u0101rt citas vair\u0101k koncentr\u0113jas uz dz\u012bvi tagadn\u0113.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>7. <strong>Sv\u0113t\u0101s vietas un ritu\u0101li<\/strong>: Uz vissvar\u012bg\u0101kaj\u0101m sv\u0113tviet\u0101m <em>J\u016bdaisms<\/em> ietver Izra\u0113las zemi, jo \u012bpa\u0161i Jeruzalemi un Temp\u013ca kalnu, kas tiek uzskat\u012bts par vietu, kur senos laikos atrad\u0101s Templis. . <em>J\u016bdaisms<\/em> uzsver sabata (\u0160abata), ikned\u0113\u013cas atp\u016btas dienas, kas s\u0101kas piektdienas vakar\u0101 un beidzas sestdienas vakar\u0101, noz\u012bmi Citi svar\u012bgi ebreju sv\u0113tki ir Pesah (Lieldienas), Jom Kippur (Izpirk\u0161anas diena), Sukkot (Tabernaku\u013cu sv\u0113tki) un \u0160avuot (Ned\u0113\u013cas sv\u0113tki), kas visi ir par godu svar\u012bgiem notikumiem ebreju v\u0113stur\u0113 un ietver noteiktus reli\u0123iskus ritu\u0101lus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>8. <strong>Tic\u012bba taisn\u012bgumam un likumam<\/strong>Port\u0101ls <em>J\u016bdaisms<\/em> lielu uzsvaru liek uz taisn\u012bgumu, vienl\u012bdz\u012bbu un soci\u0101lo atbild\u012bbu. Daudzi no bau\u0161\u013ciem attiecas uz to, k\u0101 cilv\u0113kiem j\u0101izturas vienam pret otru, piem\u0113ram, bauslis m\u012bl\u0113t savu tuv\u0101ko (Hessed) un pien\u0101kums r\u016bp\u0113ties par nabadz\u012bgajiem un tr\u016bc\u012bgajiem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>9. <strong>\u0112tika un mor\u0101le<\/strong>: \u0112tikas m\u0101c\u012bbas <em>J\u016bdaisms<\/em> uzsver god\u012bgumu, taisn\u012bgumu, piedo\u0161anu, \u017e\u0113lsird\u012bbu un cie\u0146u pret dz\u012bv\u012bbu. Shalom (miers) ir galvenais j\u0113dziens, kam ir svar\u012bga noz\u012bme gan savstarp\u0113j\u0101s attiec\u012bb\u0101s, gan m\u016bsu attiec\u012bb\u0101s ar Dievu un pasauli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>10. <strong>Ebreju kopiena<\/strong>Port\u0101ls <em>J\u016bdaisms<\/em> lielu noz\u012bmi pie\u0161\u0137ir kopienai (kehilla). Ebreju kopienai ir svar\u012bga loma reli\u0123iskaj\u0101 dz\u012bv\u0113, jo kop\u012bgas l\u016bg\u0161anas, sv\u0113tki un ritu\u0101li stiprina saikni starp tic\u012bgajiem un pavada individu\u0101lo dz\u012bvi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>11. <strong>Halacha - ebreju likums<\/strong>Halaha ir ebreju likums, kas sast\u0101v no Toras, mutv\u0101rdu trad\u012bcij\u0101m (Talmuda un Mi\u0161nas) un v\u0113l\u0101kajiem rab\u012bnu nol\u0113mumiem. Tie reglament\u0113 ne tikai reli\u0123isko praksi, bet ar\u012b ikdienas dz\u012bvi, tostarp \u0113\u0161anas paradumus, ap\u0123\u0113rbu, laul\u012bbu, darbu un soci\u0101lo atbild\u012bbu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sikhismus\"><\/span>Sikhisms<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Aptuveni 30 miljoni cilv\u0113ku vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113, galvenok\u0101rt Indij\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca no vi\u0146iem dz\u012bvo Indij\u0101, jo \u012bpa\u0161i Indijas \u0161tat\u0101. <em>Pend\u017eaba<\/em>kas tiek uzskat\u012bta par gar\u012bgo centru <em>Sikhisms<\/em> piem\u0113ro. . <em>Sikhisms<\/em> 15. gadsimt\u0101 dibin\u0101ja <em>Guru Nanaks<\/em> un devi\u0146iem citiem guru, kas vi\u0146am sekoja, un uzsver Dieva vienot\u012bbu, visu cilv\u0113ku vienl\u012bdz\u012bbu un kalpo\u0161anu citiem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lai gan <em>Sikhisms<\/em> p\u0101rsvar\u0101 Indij\u0101, ir ar\u012b iev\u0113rojamas <em>Sikhu kopienas<\/em> t\u0101d\u0101s valst\u012bs k\u0101 Apvienot\u0101 Karaliste, Kan\u0101da, ASV, Malaizija un Austr\u0101lija migr\u0101cijas un reli\u0123ijas izplat\u012bbas d\u0113\u013c. Port\u0101ls <em>Sikhisms<\/em> ir monoteistiska reli\u0123ija, kas sav\u0101 praks\u0113 apvieno tic\u012bbu, medit\u0101ciju un soci\u0101lo atbild\u012bbu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Monoteisms<\/strong>Port\u0101ls <em>Sikhisms<\/em> tic vien\u012bgajam, nedal\u0101majam Dievam, kas tiek saukts par \"Waheguru\". Dievs ir Visuma rad\u012bt\u0101js, visvarenais, viszin\u012bgais un visur kl\u0101teso\u0161ais. Vi\u0146\u0161 ir \u0101rpus laika un telpas un ir neiedom\u0101jams, bet atpaz\u012bstams caur savu rad\u012bbu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Guru Granth Sahibs k\u0101 dz\u012bvais Guru<\/strong>: Sikhu sv\u0113tie raksti, Sikhu <strong>Guru Granth Sahib<\/strong>tiek god\u0101ts k\u0101 p\u0113d\u0113jais un m\u016b\u017e\u012bgais guru. P\u0113c desmit\u0101 guru Guru Gobind Singha n\u0101ves vi\u0146\u0161 pasludin\u0101ja sv\u0113tos Rakstus par augst\u0101ko gar\u012bgo ce\u013cvedi, kas satur visu guru gudr\u012bbu un zin\u0101\u0161anas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tic\u012bba reinkarn\u0101cijai<\/strong>Sikhi tic dv\u0113seles atdzim\u0161anai (reinkarn\u0101cijai) un tam, ka gal\u012bgais m\u0113r\u0137is ir savieno\u0161an\u0101s ar Dievu. Dv\u0113sele iziet cauri daudz\u0101m dz\u012bv\u0113m, pamatojoties uz karmas likumu - indiv\u012bda darbiem. Labi darbi noved pie lab\u0101kas dz\u012bves, bet slikti darbi - pie zem\u0101ka st\u0101vok\u013ca.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ce\u013c\u0161 uz vienot\u012bbu ar Dievu<\/strong>Sikhi cen\u0161as pan\u0101kt tie\u0161u vienot\u012bbu ar Dievu, nododoties Dievam, medit\u0113jot par dievi\u0161\u0137o v\u0101rdu (Nam Japna), pareizi r\u012bkojoties (Dharma) un atbalstot tr\u016bkumciet\u0113jus. Gar\u012bgais m\u0113r\u0137is ir atbr\u012bvoties no reinkarn\u0101ciju cikla.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tic\u012bba seva (nesavt\u012bga kalpo\u0161ana)<\/strong>Port\u0101ls <em>Sikhisms<\/em> pie\u0161\u0137ir lielu noz\u012bmi nesavt\u012bgai kalpo\u0161anai citiem (seva). Sikhiem ir j\u0101pal\u012bdz citiem cilv\u0113kiem, jo \u012bpa\u0161i tiem, kam nepiecie\u0161ama pal\u012bdz\u012bba, neatkar\u012bgi no reli\u0123ijas vai izcelsmes. \u0160is princips uzsver altruismu un kop\u0113jo labumu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L\u012bdzties\u012bba un br\u0101l\u012bba<\/strong>Port\u0101ls <em>Sikhisms<\/em> sludina visu cilv\u0113ku vienl\u012bdz\u012bbu neatkar\u012bgi no rases, dzimuma vai soci\u0101l\u0101 statusa. Visi cilv\u0113ki ir vienl\u012bdz\u012bgi Dieva priek\u0161\u0101, un nav hierarhisku at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbu. Sieviet\u0113m un v\u012brie\u0161iem ir vien\u0101da gar\u012bg\u0101 cie\u0146a un atbild\u012bba.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ritu\u0101lu un m\u0101\u0146tic\u012bbas noraid\u012b\u0161ana<\/strong>: <em>Sikhisms<\/em> noraida tuk\u0161us ritu\u0101lus un m\u0101\u0146tic\u012bbu. Piel\u016bgsmei j\u0101notiek vienk\u0101r\u0161i un autentiski, neizmantojot \u0101r\u0113jus ritu\u0101lus vai ma\u0123iskas prakses. Tic\u012bbai j\u0101ietver nodo\u0161an\u0101s un r\u012bc\u012bba saska\u0146\u0101 ar dievi\u0161\u0137o mor\u0101li un taisn\u012bgumu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pieci C (pieci tic\u012bbas simboli)<\/strong>Sikhiem, kuri noteikt\u0101 dz\u012bves posm\u0101 ir k\u013cuvu\u0161i <em>Sikhisms<\/em> Pieci simboli (t\u0101 sauktie \"pieci C\") tiek izmantoti, lai identific\u0113tu piecas profesijas:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Kesh<\/strong> (mati): Neizmain\u012bti, gari mati, kas simboliz\u0113 dievi\u0161\u0137\u0101s gribas pie\u0146em\u0161anu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kangha<\/strong> (\u0137emme): \u0136emme matu kop\u0161anai, kas simboliz\u0113 t\u012br\u012bbu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kara<\/strong> (dzelzs aproce): Aproce no t\u0113rauda, kas mums atg\u0101dina par m\u016bsu m\u016b\u017e\u012bgo saikni ar Dievu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kachera<\/strong> (Gar\u0101s bikses): Ap\u0123\u0113rba gabals, kas simboliz\u0113 t\u012br\u012bbu un pa\u0161kontroli.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kirpan<\/strong> (zobens): Mazs zobens simboliz\u0113 paties\u012bbas un taisn\u012bguma aizsardz\u012bbu un gatav\u012bbu aizst\u0101v\u0113t apspiestos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sikhu kopiena un Sangats<\/strong>\u0160\u012b tic\u012bba uzsver kopienas (sangata) un kop\u012bgas l\u016bg\u0161anas noz\u012bmi. Kopienas dievkalpojums, kur\u0101 tiek skait\u012bts Guru Granth Sahibs, ir galven\u0101 tic\u012bbas dz\u012bves sast\u0101vda\u013ca.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pieci tikumi<\/strong>Sikhi sav\u0101 dz\u012bv\u0113 cen\u0161as \u012bstenot piecus tikumus:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sat (paties\u012bba)<\/strong>: Paties\u012bba dom\u0101s, v\u0101rdos un darbos.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Santokh (paklaus\u012bba un apmierin\u0101t\u012bba)<\/strong>Apmierin\u0101t\u012bba ar to, kas jums ir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Daya (l\u012bdzj\u016bt\u012bba un \u017e\u0113lsird\u012bba)<\/strong>L\u012bdzj\u016bt\u012bba pret vis\u0101m dz\u012bvaj\u0101m b\u016btn\u0113m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dhan (labkl\u0101j\u012bba un d\u0101snums)<\/strong>D\u0101vin\u0101\u0161ana un dal\u012b\u0161an\u0101s ar citiem.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nimrata (pazem\u012bba)<\/strong>pietic\u012bba un pazem\u012bba attiec\u012bb\u0101s ar citiem.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bahai-Glaube\"><\/span>Baha tic\u012bba<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>7 miljoni cilv\u0113ku ir atkar\u012bgi no <em>Baha tic\u012bba<\/em> uz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Port\u0101ls <em>Baha kopiena<\/em> ir viena no visstrauj\u0101k augo\u0161aj\u0101m pasaules reli\u0123ij\u0101m, kas ir p\u0101rst\u0101v\u0113ta vair\u0101k nek\u0101 200 valst\u012bs un teritorij\u0101s. Liel\u0101k\u0101 <em>Baha kopienas<\/em> atrodas t\u0101d\u0101s valst\u012bs k\u0101 Indija, Ir\u0101na un \u0100frika.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Port\u0101ls <em>Baha tic\u012bba<\/em> ir monoteistiska reli\u0123ija, ko 19. gadsimt\u0101 dibin\u0101ja <em>Bah\u0101'u'llahs<\/em> (1817-1892). T\u0101 uzsver cilv\u0113ces vienot\u012bbu, tic\u012bbu vienam Dievam un taisn\u012bguma, miera un vienl\u012bdz\u012bbas principus. . <em>Baha reli\u0123ija<\/em> m\u0113r\u0137is ir veicin\u0101t cilv\u0113ces gar\u012bgo un soci\u0101lo att\u012bst\u012bbu un dot iesp\u0113ju veidot glob\u0101lu kopienu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Monoteisms<\/strong>Bahaji tic vien\u012bgajam Dievam, kur\u0161 ir Visuma Rad\u012bt\u0101js un kura b\u016bt\u012bba ir neaptverama. Tom\u0113r Dievs atkl\u0101j Sevi da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s reli\u0123isk\u0101s atkl\u0101sm\u0113s, kuras v\u0113stures gait\u0101 ir nodevu\u0161i da\u017e\u0101di pravie\u0161i, piem\u0113ram, \u0100brah\u0101ms, Mozus, J\u0113zus, Muhameds un visbeidzot Bah\u0101'u'llah.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cilv\u0113ces vienot\u012bba<\/strong>: Galvenais princips <em>Baha tic\u012bba<\/em> ir p\u0101rliec\u012bba, ka visi cilv\u0113ki ir vienl\u012bdz\u012bgi neatkar\u012bgi no rases, etnisk\u0101s pieder\u012bbas vai kult\u016bras. T\u0101 uzsver, ka cilv\u0113ce veido vienotu, nedal\u0101mu veselumu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Reli\u0123iju vienot\u012bba<\/strong>Bahaji m\u0101ca, ka visas liel\u0101k\u0101s pasaules reli\u0123ijas ir c\u0113lu\u0161\u0101s no viena un t\u0101 pa\u0161a Dieva un ka at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbas starp t\u0101m radu\u0161\u0101s tikai at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bga v\u0113sturisk\u0101 un kult\u016bras konteksta d\u0113\u013c. Reli\u0123ijas tiek uzskat\u012btas par da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m dievi\u0161\u0137\u0101 pl\u0101na noda\u013c\u0101m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bah\u0101'u'llahs k\u0101 jaun\u0101kais Dieva manifests<\/strong>Bahaji tic, ka Bah\u0101'u'llahs ir jaun\u0101kais Dieva pravietis jeb Manifests, kas ir nesis miera, vienot\u012bbas un taisn\u012bguma v\u0113sti, kura ir aktu\u0101la m\u016bsdien\u0101s.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Br\u012bv\u012bba un atbild\u012bba<\/strong>Tic\u012bba uzsver br\u012bvas izv\u0113les un person\u012bg\u0101s atbild\u012bbas izj\u016btas noz\u012bmi. Bahajiem ir akt\u012bvi j\u0101piedal\u0101s, lai padar\u012btu pasauli lab\u0101ku, dz\u012bvojot ar t\u0101diem tikumiem k\u0101 paties\u012bba, taisn\u012bgums, m\u012blest\u012bba un cie\u0146a pret visiem cilv\u0113kiem.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Diskrimin\u0101cijas aizliegums<\/strong>Baha'is noraida jebk\u0101da veida diskrimin\u0101ciju, neatkar\u012bgi no t\u0101, vai t\u0101s pamat\u0101 ir dzimums, rase, klase, reli\u0123ija vai taut\u012bba. Sieviet\u0113m un v\u012brie\u0161iem j\u0101b\u016bt vienl\u012bdz\u012bg\u0101m ties\u012bb\u0101m, un dzimumu l\u012bdzties\u012bbas veicin\u0101\u0161ana ir svar\u012bga tic\u012bbas sast\u0101vda\u013ca.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Miers pasaul\u0113 un starptautisk\u0101 sadarb\u012bba<\/strong>Port\u0101ls <em>Baha tic\u012bba<\/em> ir ap\u0146\u0113musies veicin\u0101t mieru pasaul\u0113, starptautisko sadarb\u012bbu un glob\u0101las sabiedr\u012bbas veido\u0161anu, kuras pamat\u0101 ir taisn\u012bgums un vienot\u012bba.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dz\u012bve p\u0113c n\u0101ves<\/strong>Bahaji tic dz\u012bvei p\u0113c n\u0101ves, kur\u0101 dv\u0113sele turpina past\u0101v\u0113t un atrodas nemit\u012bg\u0101 gar\u012bg\u0101s att\u012bst\u012bbas st\u0101vokl\u012b. \u0160aj\u0101 dz\u012bv\u0113 g\u016bt\u0101 pieredze ietekm\u0113 dv\u0113seles st\u0101vokli p\u0113cn\u0101ves dz\u012bv\u0113.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Zin\u0101tnes un reli\u0123ijas vienot\u012bba<\/strong>Bahaji tic, ka zin\u0101tne un reli\u0123ija ir divi savstarp\u0113ji papildino\u0161i veidi, k\u0101 mekl\u0113t paties\u012bbu. Abiem ir harmoniski j\u0101sadarbojas, lai veicin\u0101tu cilv\u0113ces labkl\u0101j\u012bbu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0160os principus var atrast rakstos par <em>Bah\u0101'u'llahs<\/em> un v\u0113l\u0101kajiem bahajie\u0161u l\u012bderiem. Port\u0101ls <em>Baha tic\u012bba<\/em> aicina sekot\u0101jus akt\u012bvi darboties pasaules lab\u0101 un veicin\u0101t vienot\u012bbas, miera un sadarb\u012bbas garu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Daoismus\"><\/span>Daoisms<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Uz <em>Daoisms<\/em> (ar\u012b <em>Taoisms<\/em> Grup\u0101 ir 12 miljoni cilv\u0113ku, galvenok\u0101rt \u0136\u012bn\u0101, bet ar\u012b vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Port\u0101ls <em>Daoisms<\/em> ir dzi\u013ci iesak\u0146ojusies tur past\u0101vo\u0161aj\u0101 kult\u016br\u0101 un reli\u0123iskaj\u0101 praks\u0113. To saprot gan k\u0101 reli\u0123isku trad\u012bciju, gan k\u0101 filozofisku sist\u0113mu. . <em>Daoisms<\/em> ietver da\u017e\u0101dus tic\u0113jumus un prakses, no kur\u0101m da\u017eas ir v\u0113rstas uz ritu\u0101liem, medit\u0101ciju un diev\u012bbu piel\u016bg\u0161anu, bet citas uzsver filozofisk\u0101kus dz\u012bves aspektus, k\u0101 tas ir atrodams rakstos par <em>Dao De Dzji\u0146<\/em> no <em>Laozi<\/em> un m\u0101c\u012bbas <em>Zhuangzi<\/em> ir atrodami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Daudzi cilv\u0113ki \u0136\u012bn\u0101, Taiv\u0101n\u0101 un citviet Austrum\u0101zij\u0101, kas praktiz\u0113 daoismu, neuzskata to par \"reli\u0123iju\" Rietumu izpratn\u0113, bet gan par da\u013cu no savas kult\u016bras trad\u012bcij\u0101m un gar\u012bg\u0101s prakses. Ar\u012b cit\u0101s valst\u012bs, kur\u0101s ir \u0137\u012bnie\u0161u diasporas, ir kopienas, kas praktiz\u0113 daoisma ritu\u0101lus un principus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Konfuzianismus\"><\/span>Konfuci\u0101nisms<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Port\u0101ls <em>Konfuci\u0101nisms<\/em> praktiz\u0113 aptuveni 6 ... 7 miljoni cilv\u0113ku, galvenok\u0101rt \u0136\u012bn\u0101, Dienvidkorej\u0101, Jap\u0101n\u0101, Vjetnam\u0101 un Taiv\u0101n\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Port\u0101ls <em>Konfuci\u0101nisms<\/em> pirm\u0101m k\u0101rt\u0101m saprot k\u0101 filozofisku un \u0113tisku trad\u012bciju. \u0160aj\u0101s valst\u012bs <em>Konfuci\u0101nisms<\/em> bie\u017ei vien nav reli\u0123ija tradicion\u0101laj\u0101 izpratn\u0113, bet dr\u012bz\u0101k dz\u012bvesveids un mor\u0101les sist\u0113ma, kas nosaka soci\u0101lo uzved\u012bbu, \u0123imenes strukt\u016bru un vald\u012bbas politiku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0136\u012bn\u0101, kur <em>Konfuci\u0101nisms<\/em> v\u0113sturiski iesak\u0146ojusies, t\u0101 bie\u017ei tiek uzskat\u012bta par kult\u016bras pamatu, pat ja ne visi, kas iev\u0113ro konf\u016bcisma v\u0113rt\u012bbas, uzskata sevi par konf\u016bcisma tic\u012bbas \"sekot\u0101jiem\". <em>Konfuci\u0101nisms<\/em> reli\u0123isk\u0101 noz\u012bm\u0113. T\u0101p\u0113c ir gr\u016bti noteikt prec\u012bzu skaitu \"sekot\u0101ju\" no <em>Konfuci\u0101nisms<\/em> jo daudzi cilv\u0113ki iek\u013cauj Konf\u016bcija m\u0101c\u012bbas sav\u0101 ikdienas dz\u012bv\u0113, neuzskatot t\u0101s par reli\u0123iju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Port\u0101ls <em>Konfuci\u0101nisms<\/em> ir \u0113tiska un filozofiska trad\u012bcija, kuras pamat\u0101 ir mor\u0101las uzved\u012bbas, soci\u0101l\u0101s saska\u0146as un \u0123imenes atbild\u012bbas veicin\u0101\u0161ana. Izmantojot cilv\u0113c\u012bbas j\u0113dzienus (<em>Ren<\/em>), Ritu\u0101ls (<em>Li<\/em>), fili\u0101les pien\u0101kums (<em>Xiao<\/em>) un c\u0113l\u0101 cilv\u0113ka ide\u0101ls (<em>Junzi<\/em>) <em>Konfuci\u0101nisms<\/em> par taisn\u012bgu un labi organiz\u0113tu sabiedr\u012bbu, kur\u0101 katrs uz\u0146emas atbild\u012bbu par kopienas labkl\u0101j\u012bbu un Visuma k\u0101rt\u012bbu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Cilv\u0113ce (Ren):<\/strong> Ren ir centr\u0101lais \u0113tiskais j\u0113dziens <em>Konfuci\u0101nisms<\/em> un bie\u017ei tiek tulkots k\u0101 \"cilv\u0113c\u012bba\" vai \"l\u012bdzciet\u012bba\". Tas noz\u012bm\u0113 praktiz\u0113t visdzi\u013c\u0101ko starpcilv\u0113cisk\u0101s labest\u012bbas un l\u012bdzj\u016bt\u012bbas formu. Ren noz\u012bm\u0113 sp\u0113ju izprast citu cilv\u0113ku j\u016btas un vajadz\u012bbas un attiec\u012bgi r\u012bkoties. T\u0101 ir mor\u0101les kodols. <em>Konfuci\u0101nisms<\/em> un attiecas uz veidu, k\u0101 cilv\u0113kiem b\u016btu j\u0101sadarbojas vienam ar otru.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ritu\u0101li un cie\u0146a (Li)<\/strong>: <em>Li <\/em>attiecas uz ritu\u0101liem, ceremonij\u0101m un soci\u0101lo normu un pien\u0101kumu pareizu izpildi. Tas attiecas ne tikai uz reli\u0123iskiem ritu\u0101liem, bet ar\u012b uz visp\u0101r\u0113ju soci\u0101lo uzved\u012bbu, kas veicina harmoniju sabiedr\u012bb\u0101. <em>Li<\/em> ietver cie\u0146u pret vec\u0101kiem cilv\u0113kiem, sen\u010diem un hierarhiju \u0123imen\u0113 un sabiedr\u012bb\u0101. Cie\u0146a pret <em><strong>Li<\/strong>-Standarti <\/em>tiek uzskat\u012bts par nepiecie\u0161amu, lai uztur\u0113tu soci\u0101lo k\u0101rt\u012bbu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Atbild\u012bba un tikum\u012bba (Xiao): <\/strong><em>Xiao<\/em> ir sirsn\u012bbas pien\u0101kums, un taj\u0101 uzsv\u0113rta cie\u0146as un godbij\u012bbas noz\u012bme pret vec\u0101kiem un sen\u010diem. Konf\u016bcija filozofij\u0101 tas tiek uzskat\u012bts par visb\u016btisk\u0101ko tikumu. Tas ietver gan vec\u0101ku apr\u016bpi vecumdien\u0101s, gan sirsn\u012bgu piemi\u0146u un cie\u0146u pret sen\u010diem. \u0122imene ir soci\u0101l\u0101s un mor\u0101l\u0101s dz\u012bves centr\u0101, un attiec\u012bbas ar vec\u0101kiem un sen\u010diem tiek uzskat\u012btas par pamatu harmoniskas sabiedr\u012bbas veido\u0161anai.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L\u012bdzsvars un harmonija<\/strong>Port\u0101ls <em>Konfuci\u0101nisms<\/em> cen\u0161as izveidot harmonisku sabiedr\u012bbu, kur\u0101 visi t\u0101s locek\u013ci zina un pilda savus soci\u0101los pien\u0101kumus. L\u012bdzsvars un k\u0101rt\u012bba ir galvenie principi, kas j\u0101\u012bsteno gan personisk\u0101, gan soci\u0101l\u0101 l\u012bmen\u012b. Harmonija ir st\u0101voklis, kur\u0101 visi cilv\u0113ki pilda savus pien\u0101kumus, veicot savu lomu sabiedr\u012bb\u0101, vienlaikus saglab\u0101jot l\u012bdzsvaru starp person\u012bgo br\u012bv\u012bbu un soci\u0101lo k\u0101rt\u012bbu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Di\u017ecilt\u012bgais v\u012brs (Junzi)<\/strong>Port\u0101ls <em>Junzi<\/em> (\"c\u0113ls cilv\u0113ks\" vai \"labs cilv\u0113ks\") ir ide\u0101ls <em>Konfuci\u0101nisms<\/em>. Tas apz\u012bm\u0113 cilv\u0113ku, kur\u0161 augst\u0101 pak\u0101p\u0113 iemieso mor\u0101lo integrit\u0101ti un tikum\u012bbu. . <em>Junzi<\/em> cen\u0161as b\u016bt mor\u0101las gudr\u012bbas un ietekmes avots un kalpo par paraugu citiem. Vi\u0146\u0161 r\u012bkojas nevis savt\u012bg\u0101s interes\u0113s, bet saska\u0146\u0101 ar principiem <em>Ren<\/em> (cilv\u0113c\u012bba), <em>Li<\/em> (ritu\u0101ls un cie\u0146a) un <em>Xiao<\/em> (fili\u0101les pien\u0101kums).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Izgl\u012bt\u012bba un gudr\u012bba<\/strong>Izgl\u012bt\u012bbai ir galven\u0101 loma <em>Konfuci\u0101nisms<\/em>. Zin\u0101\u0161anu apguve un gudr\u012bbas mekl\u0113\u0161ana ir svar\u012bga gan savas mor\u0101l\u0101s att\u012bst\u012bbas veicin\u0101\u0161anai, gan lab\u0101kas sabiedr\u012bbas veido\u0161anai. Konf\u016bcijs uzsv\u0113ra izgl\u012bt\u012bbas k\u0101 pa\u0161izaugsmes ce\u013ca un gudr\u012bbas un \u0113tikas principu apguves noz\u012bmi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Harmonija starp debes\u012bm un cilv\u0113ku<\/strong>In the <em>Konfuci\u0101nisms<\/em> attiec\u012bbas starp cilv\u0113ku un debes\u012bm (<em>Tian<\/em>) ir tematiz\u0113ts. Tian netiek saprasts k\u0101 dievs, bet gan k\u0101 kosmiskais sp\u0113ks vai princips, kas visum\u0101 p\u0101rst\u0101v k\u0101rt\u012bbu un mor\u0101li. Cilv\u0113kam ir j\u0101dz\u012bvo saska\u0146\u0101 ar Tian, kas noz\u012bm\u0113 iev\u0113rot mor\u0101los pien\u0101kumus un pareizo soci\u0101lo k\u0101rt\u012bbu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vienl\u012bdz\u012bba un taisn\u012bgums<\/strong>Lai gan <em>Konfuci\u0101nisms<\/em> Atz\u012bstot hierarhiju un soci\u0101l\u0101s lomas, t\u0101 ar\u012b uzsver taisn\u012bguma un vienl\u012bdz\u012bbas noz\u012bmi sabiedr\u012bb\u0101. No valdniekiem tiek sagaid\u012bts, lai vi\u0146i r\u016bp\u0113tos par savas tautas labkl\u0101j\u012bbu un vald\u012btu taisn\u012bgi un mor\u0101li. . <em>Konfuci\u0101nisms<\/em> populariz\u0113 ideju, ka ikvienam ir iesp\u0113ja mor\u0101li pilnveidoties neatkar\u012bgi no soci\u0101l\u0101 statusa.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\"Zelta ce\u013c\u0161\" (Zhongyong)<\/strong>Port\u0101ls <em>Zhongyong<\/em> (\"centrs\" jeb \"zelta ce\u013c\u0161\") raksturo centienus p\u0113c l\u012bdzsvarotas dz\u012bves. Tas noz\u012bm\u0113 izvair\u012b\u0161anos no gal\u0113j\u012bb\u0101m un vid\u0113j\u0101 ce\u013ca atra\u0161anu. \u0160\u012b ideja atspogu\u013cojas priek\u0161stat\u0101, ka cilv\u0113kiem vis\u0101s liet\u0101s ir j\u0101iev\u0113ro m\u0113ren\u012bba, lai saglab\u0101tu iek\u0161\u0113jo harmoniju un \u0101r\u0113jo k\u0101rt\u012bbu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shintoismus\"><\/span>\u0160intoisms<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Uz <em>\u0160intoisms<\/em> izl\u016bdz aptuveni 3 ... 4 miljoni cilv\u0113ku, galvenok\u0101rt Jap\u0101n\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Daudzi cilv\u0113ki Jap\u0101n\u0101 praktiz\u0113 \u0161intoisma ritu\u0101lus, ne vienm\u0113r piln\u012bb\u0101 atz\u012bstot sevi par \"<em>\u0160intoisti<\/em>\", jo <em>\u0160intoisms<\/em> bie\u017ei vien ir cie\u0161i saist\u012bta ar ikdienas kult\u016bras trad\u012bcij\u0101m un sv\u0113tkiem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lai gan <em>\u0160intoisms<\/em> Lai gan jap\u0101\u0146u kopiena domin\u0113 Jap\u0101n\u0101, ir ar\u012b maz\u0101kas kopienas un praktiz\u0113t\u0101ji cit\u0101s pasaules da\u013c\u0101s, jo \u012bpa\u0161i re\u0123ionos, kur ir jap\u0101\u0146u diasporas. Port\u0101ls <em>\u0160intoisms<\/em> tom\u0113r t\u0101 nav eva\u0146\u0123eliz\u0101cijas reli\u0123ija, un t\u0101p\u0113c \u0101rpus Jap\u0101nas tai nav iev\u0113rojamas izplat\u012bbas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Port\u0101ls <em>\u0160intoisms<\/em> ir Jap\u0101nas pamatreli\u0123ija, kas ietver da\u017e\u0101dus tic\u0113jumus un prakses, kuru centr\u0101 ir dievkalpojums, kas velt\u012bts <em>Kami<\/em> (gar\u012bg\u0101s b\u016btnes vai dievi) un saikni ar dabu un sen\u010diem. T\u0101 ir politeistiska reli\u0123ija, kurai nav noteiktas dogmas vai sv\u0113to rakstu tradicion\u0101laj\u0101 izpratn\u0113. \u0160eit ir izkl\u0101st\u012bti b\u016btisk\u0101kie tic\u0113jumi <em>\u0160intoisms<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><strong>Kami<\/strong><\/strong>: <em>Kami<\/em> ir galven\u0101s gar\u012bg\u0101s b\u016btnes <em>\u0160intoisms<\/em>. Tos var saprast k\u0101 dievus, garus, sen\u010dus vai dabas sp\u0113kus, piem\u0113ram, kalnus, upes, kokus un dz\u012bvniekus. <em>Kami<\/em> p\u0101rst\u0101v dievi\u0161\u0137o un ir kl\u0101teso\u0161s vis\u0101s dz\u012bv\u0101s b\u016btn\u0113s un dab\u0101. Tie ne vienm\u0113r ir p\u0101rdabiski klasiskaj\u0101 izpratn\u0113, bet tie ir rado\u0161\u0101s vai sv\u0113t\u0101s ener\u0123ijas izpausme, kas darbojas pasaul\u0113.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Harmonija ar dabu<\/strong>Port\u0101ls <em>\u0160intoisms<\/em> lielu uzsvaru liek uz harmoniju ar dabu un cie\u0146u pret dabas pasauli. Tiek uzskat\u012bts, ka cilv\u0113ki dz\u012bvo cie\u0161\u0101 saist\u012bb\u0101 ar dabu, un dabas un t\u0101s elementu piel\u016bgsme ir galven\u0101 sast\u0101vda\u013ca. <em>\u0160intoisma ritu\u0101li<\/em>. Daudzas sintoistu sv\u0113tn\u012bcas (kami m\u0101jas) ir uzceltas dab\u0101, piem\u0113ram, me\u017eos, pie up\u0113m vai kalnos.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u012br\u012bba<\/strong>In the <em>\u0160intoisms<\/em> t\u012br\u012bba ir svar\u012bgs j\u0113dziens. Pies\u0101r\u0146ojums un apg\u0101n\u012b\u0161ana (gan fiziska, gan gar\u012bga) tiek uzskat\u012bti par trauc\u0113jo\u0161iem attiec\u012bb\u0101s ar kami. T\u0101p\u0113c ir izplat\u012bti t\u0101di att\u012br\u012b\u0161anas ritu\u0101li k\u0101 roku un mutes mazg\u0101\u0161ana (piem\u0113ram, pirms ieie\u0161anas sv\u0113tn\u012bc\u0101). T\u012br\u012bba tiek uzskat\u012bta ar\u012b par veidu, k\u0101 saglab\u0101t dv\u0113seles gl\u0101b\u0161anu un dz\u012bvot harmonij\u0101 ar kami.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Priek\u0161te\u010du piel\u016bgsme<\/strong>In the <em>\u0160intoisms<\/em> liels uzsvars tiek likts uz sen\u010du piel\u016bgsmi. Priek\u0161te\u010di tiek godin\u0101ti k\u0101 kami, kas aizsarg\u0101 \u0123imenes un m\u0101jsaimniec\u012bbas labkl\u0101j\u012bbu. Priek\u0161te\u010du piel\u016bgsme ir da\u013ca no daudz\u0101m trad\u012bcij\u0101m. <em>\u0160intoisma ritu\u0101li<\/em>\u012bpa\u0161i alt\u0101ra ceremoniju un l\u016bg\u0161anu veid\u0101, l\u016bdzot sen\u010du aizsardz\u012bbu un sv\u0113t\u012bbu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ritu\u0101li un festiv\u0101li<\/strong>Port\u0101ls <em>\u0160intoisms<\/em> uzsver ritu\u0101lu un sv\u0113tku noz\u012bmi, lai ieg\u016btu kami labv\u0113l\u012bbu un stiprin\u0101tu kopienu. \u0160ie ritu\u0101li ietver l\u016bg\u0161anas, ziedojumus, dejas un sv\u0113tkus, kas tiek r\u012bkoti da\u017e\u0101dos gadalaikos. Labi zin\u0101ms piem\u0113rs ir Jaun\u0101 gada sv\u0113tki (Shogatsu), kas tiek svin\u0113ti ar ceremonij\u0101m. <em>\u0160intoisma sv\u0113tn\u012bcas<\/em> tiek svin\u0113ta.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nav stingras tic\u012bbas apliec\u012bbas<\/strong>Port\u0101ls <em>\u0160intoisms<\/em> nav noteiktas tic\u012bbas apliec\u012bbas vai sv\u0113to rakstu, k\u0101 tas ir cit\u0101s reli\u0123ij\u0101s. T\u0101 viet\u0101 tic\u012bbu veido ritu\u0101li, kas raksturo reli\u0123isko praksi, un tic\u012bgo pieredze. <em>\u0160intoisms<\/em> bie\u017ei vien tiek uzskat\u012bta par praktisku reli\u0123iju, kur\u0101 uzsvars tiek likts uz darbiem un reli\u0123isko praksi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kami ikdien\u0101<\/strong>Kami ir sastopami ne tikai reli\u0123iskaj\u0101s viet\u0101s, bet ar\u012b ikdienas dz\u012bv\u0113. <em>\u0160intoisma sv\u0113tn\u012bcas<\/em> ir visur Jap\u0101n\u0101, un daudzi cilv\u0113ki l\u016bdzas, lai vi\u0146us pasarg\u0101tu, nodro\u0161in\u0101tu vesel\u012bbu un laimi. Daudz\u0101s m\u0101jsaimniec\u012bb\u0101s ir neliels alt\u0101ris kami piel\u016bgsmei, un tiek veikti ritu\u0101li svar\u012bgu dz\u012bves notikumu, piem\u0113ram, dzim\u0161anas, k\u0101zu un n\u0101ves gad\u012bjumos.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nav izpirk\u0161anas j\u0113dziena<\/strong>At\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no daudz\u0101m rietumu reli\u0123ij\u0101m, nav \u0161\u0101das lietas, jo <em>\u0160intoisms<\/em> nav konkr\u0113ta j\u0113dziena par pest\u012b\u0161anu vai p\u0113cn\u0101ves dz\u012bvi. T\u0101 viet\u0101 galven\u0101 uzman\u012bba tiek piev\u0113rsta dz\u012bvei harmonij\u0101 ar dabu un apk\u0101rt\u0113jo pasauli. <em>Kami<\/em> un labu dz\u012bvi \u0161eit un tagad. Ilgm\u016b\u017e\u012bba un laimes sasnieg\u0161ana tiek uzskat\u012bta par atl\u012bdz\u012bbu par cie\u0146u pret \u0161o un to, kas notiek tagad un tagad. <em>Kami<\/em> un par dz\u012bvi \u0161\u0137\u012bst\u012bb\u0101.<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Las\u012b\u0161anas laiks<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 22<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">protokols<\/span><\/span>Die bekanntesten Weltreligionen sind Islam, Hinduismus, Buddhismus, Judentum, Sikhismus, Bah\u00e1&#8217;\u00ed-Glaube, Daoismus, Konfuzianismus und Shintoismus, die nachfolgend kurz beschrieben sind.Neben dem Christentum mit weltweit etwa 2,3 Mrd. Menschen, existieren neun weitere bedeutende Religionen (in zahlenm\u00e4\u00dfig absteigender Reihenfolge): Islam Der Islam hat weltweit etwa 1,9 Milliarden Anh\u00e4nger. Damit ist der Islam die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Religion der Welt. Die&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/blog\/2025\/01\/21\/weltreligionen\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Las\u012bt vair\u0101k \"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Pasaules reli\u0123ijas<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4085],"tags":[4253,4211,4254,4232,4104,4140,4133,4242,4243,4215,4186,1886,4205,4153,4103,4087,4097,1899,4170,4173,4157,4227,4228,1791,4255,4091,4088,4210,4167,4187,4229,4238,4233,4115,1805,4162,1845,4100,4125,1925,4151,4249,4109,4248,4155,4256,4182,4142,4128,1800,4218,4149,4137,4172,4145,4235,4222,1879,4223,4224,4190,4159,4095,4094,4209,4099,1935,4251,1801,4144,4174,4203,4213,4199,4150,4246,4225,4204,4105,4183,1885,1884,1856,4152,1927,4139,1897,4113,1859,4106,4092,4093,4197,4101,4191,4147,4240,4245,4212,4102,4096,4138,4207,4247,4181,4206,4107,4126,4123,4230,4141,4234,4175,4136,4166,4188,4130,1857,4239,4135,4161,4129,4090,4220,4180,4127,4086,4198,4110,4214,4217,4089,4119,4208,4237,4202,4221,4121,4143,4163,1878,4148,4179,4236,4176,4169,4231,4196,4219,4252,4122,4132,4165],"class_list":["post-8971","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-themen-von-lesern-angeregt","tag-abraham","tag-adam","tag-aegypten","tag-ahnen","tag-allah","tag-allahs-wille","tag-almosen","tag-anatta","tag-anicca","tag-anstrengung","tag-arbeiter","tag-arjuna","tag-asien","tag-atman","tag-australien","tag-bahai-glaube","tag-bangladesch","tag-befreiung","tag-bhagavad-gita","tag-bhakti","tag-brahman","tag-brahmane","tag-brahmanen","tag-buddhismus","tag-bund-mose","tag-christentum","tag-daoismus","tag-david","tag-dharma","tag-diener","tag-diwali","tag-dukkha","tag-durga","tag-einheit-gottes","tag-engel","tag-erhalter","tag-erleuchtung","tag-europa","tag-evangelium","tag-fasten","tag-fidschi","tag-frankreich","tag-fuenf-saeulen-des-islam","tag-fuenf-silas","tag-gebet","tag-gebote","tag-gelehrte","tag-gemeinschaft","tag-glaubensbekenntnis","tag-gott","tag-gottheiten","tag-grossbritannien","tag-hajj","tag-hatha","tag-heiliger-krieg","tag-himalaya","tag-hindu","tag-hinduismus","tag-hindus","tag-hingabe","tag-holi","tag-immanent","tag-indien","tag-indonesien","tag-injil","tag-iran","tag-islam","tag-israel","tag-jesus","tag-jihad","tag-jnana","tag-judentum","tag-juengste-tag","tag-kambodscha","tag-kanada","tag-karuna","tag-kasten","tag-konfuzianismus","tag-koran","tag-krieger","tag-krishna","tag-mahabharata","tag-mahayana","tag-mauritius","tag-meditation","tag-mekka","tag-moksha","tag-monotheistisch","tag-mose","tag-muhammad","tag-muslim","tag-muslime","tag-myanmar","tag-naher-osten","tag-navaratri","tag-nepal","tag-nirodha","tag-nirwana","tag-noah","tag-nordamerika","tag-pakistan","tag-pilgerfahrt-nach-mekka","tag-polytheistisch","tag-prajna","tag-priester","tag-prohet","tag-prophet","tag-propheten","tag-psalmen","tag-puja","tag-qadar","tag-radha","tag-raja","tag-ramadan","tag-reinkarnation","tag-rituale","tag-salat","tag-samsara","tag-samudaya","tag-sawm","tag-schoepfer","tag-shahada","tag-shintoismus","tag-shiva","tag-shudras","tag-siegel-der-propheten","tag-sikhismus","tag-sri-lanka","tag-sunniten","tag-tag-des-gerichts","tag-tanszendent","tag-taoismus","tag-taurat","tag-tawhid","tag-theravada","tag-tibet","tag-tod","tag-torah","tag-umma","tag-unsterbliche-seele","tag-upanishaden","tag-usa","tag-vaishyas","tag-vajrayana","tag-varna","tag-veden","tag-verehrung","tag-vietnam","tag-vishnu","tag-volk-israel","tag-zabur","tag-zakat","tag-zerstoerer"],"modified_by":"Achim Goerner","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8971","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8971"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8971\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8971"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8971"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8971"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}