{"id":12080,"date":"2026-01-03T17:38:35","date_gmt":"2026-01-03T17:38:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/?p=12080"},"modified":"2026-01-04T18:20:53","modified_gmt":"2026-01-04T18:20:53","slug":"pocd-demencia-alzheimer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2026\/01\/03\/pocd-demenz-alzheimer\/","title":{"rendered":"POCD - Demencia a Alzheimerova choroba"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_87_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Obsah<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2026\/01\/03\/pocd-demenz-alzheimer\/#POCD\" >POCD<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2026\/01\/03\/pocd-demenz-alzheimer\/#Testmethoden\" >Testovacie met\u00f3dy<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2026\/01\/03\/pocd-demenz-alzheimer\/#Montreal_Cognitive_Assessment_MoCA\" >Montrealsk\u00e9 kognit\u00edvne hodnotenie (MoCA)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2026\/01\/03\/pocd-demenz-alzheimer\/#Six_Cognitive_Item_Test_6CIT\" >Test \u0161iestich kognit\u00edvnych polo\u017eiek (6CIT)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2026\/01\/03\/pocd-demenz-alzheimer\/#Cognitive_Failure_Questionnaire_CFQ\" >Dotazn\u00edk kognit\u00edvneho zlyhania (CFQ)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2026\/01\/03\/pocd-demenz-alzheimer\/#Einfluss_von_Narkotika_auf_postoperative_POCD\" >Vplyv narkot\u00edk na poopera\u010dn\u00fa POCD<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2026\/01\/03\/pocd-demenz-alzheimer\/#Demenz_Alzheimer\" >Demencia a Alzheimerova choroba<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u010cas \u010d\u00edtania<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">z\u00e1pisnice<\/span><\/span>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa rozdiely medzi POCD (<strong>P<\/strong>v\u00fdchod<strong>o<\/strong>perative <strong>C<\/strong>ognit\u00edvne <strong>D<\/strong>ysfunction), demencie a Alzheimerovej choroby a ak\u00e1 je s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia v lek\u00e1rskych \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch? To bude podrobne analyzovan\u00e9 a vysvetlen\u00e9 ni\u017e\u0161ie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V \u010fal\u0161om \u010dl\u00e1nku (ktor\u00fd sa e\u0161te pripravuje) s\u00fa uveden\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pou\u017eitia \u00e9terick\u00fdch olejov a ich \u00fa\u010dinok na vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00e9 klinick\u00e9 obrazy. V\u0161etky tvrdenia s\u00fa podlo\u017een\u00e9 nez\u00e1visl\u00fdmi vedeck\u00fdmi \u0161t\u00fadiami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"POCD\"><\/span>POCD<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">POCD sa \u010dasto vyskytuje po oper\u00e1cii ako d\u00f4sledok anest\u00e9zie. Postihuje \u013eud\u00ed v\u0161etk\u00fdch vekov\u00fdch kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed, ale najm\u00e4 pacientov star\u0161\u00edch ako 60 rokov. O tri mesiace nesk\u00f4r trp\u00ed POCD st\u00e1le pribli\u017ene 10 pacientov %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V z\u00e1vislosti od ich celkov\u00e9ho zdravotn\u00e9ho stavu, veku, predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich ochoren\u00ed a rozsahu oper\u00e1cie, \u00farovne vzdelania, ale aj v z\u00e1vislosti od pou\u017eit\u00fdch narkot\u00edk, predstavuje zvy\u010dajne <a href=\"http:\/\/Cognitive dysfunction 1\u20132 years after non-cardiac surgery in the elderly\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">do\u010dasn\u00e9<\/a> Zhor\u0161enie kognit\u00edvnych funkci\u00ed (napr. pam\u00e4te, koncentr\u00e1cie, schopnosti u\u010di\u0165 sa).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Riziko vzniku POCD mo\u017eno odhadn\u00fa\u0165 pomocou r\u00f4znych testov pred oper\u00e1ciou a po nej. Rozhoduj\u00facim faktorom je v\u017edy dostupnos\u0165 porovn\u00e1vac\u00edch \u00fadajov z\u00edskan\u00fdch PRED oper\u00e1ciou (pred oper\u00e1ciou).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zo \u0161tatistick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska <a href=\"http:\/\/Predictors of Cognitive Dysfunction after Major Noncardiac Surgery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">obsaden\u00e9<\/a>, \u017ee <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>36,6 % os\u00f4b vo veku 18-39 rokov<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>30,4 % vo veku 40-59 rokov a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>41,4 % pacientov star\u0161\u00edch ako 60 rokov.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">trpel POCD pri prepusten\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u010eal\u0161ie inform\u00e1cie na <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aerzteblatt.de\/archiv\/postoperative-kognitive-dysfunktion-2960a89b-577d-4f15-9307-8e9ae082b804\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u010cl\u00e1nok<\/a> Nemeck\u00e9ho lek\u00e1rskeho \u010dasopisu 2014.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Testmethoden\"><\/span>Testovacie met\u00f3dy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Stru\u010dn\u00e9 zhrnutie vopred:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>MoCA<\/strong> je <strong>najlep\u0161\u00ed overen\u00fd test<\/strong> na skr\u00edning POCD s vysokou citlivos\u0165ou<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>6CIT<\/strong> mo\u017eno pou\u017ei\u0165 ako <strong>Ve\u013emi r\u00fdchla kontrola<\/strong> mo\u017eno pou\u017ei\u0165, ale vy\u017eaduje si to \u0161kolenie<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CFQ<\/strong> je . <strong>nie je vhodn\u00fd<\/strong> <strong>ako objekt\u00edvne meradlo<\/strong> pre POCD, sk\u00f4r pre subjekt\u00edvne kognit\u00edvne \u0165a\u017ekosti a psychick\u00fd stres<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Porovnanie v\u0161etk\u00fdch troch testovac\u00edch met\u00f3d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>Test<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Trvanie<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Body<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Pozn\u00e1mka<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Siln\u00e9 str\u00e1nky<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Obmedzenia<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>MoCA<\/strong><\/td><td>10 min\u00fat<\/td><td>0-30<\/td><td>Najlep\u0161ie overen\u00e9<\/td><td>Vysok\u00e1 citlivos\u0165 (90% pre MCI), zis\u0165uje POCD pri celkovej a region\u00e1lnej anest\u00e9zii<\/td><td>Vy\u017eaduje \u0161kolenie, dlh\u0161ie vykon\u00e1vanie<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>6CIT<\/strong><\/td><td>2 min.<\/td><td>0-28*<\/td><td>R\u00fdchly skr\u00edning<\/td><td>Ve\u013emi r\u00fdchly, dobre koreluje s MoCA (r=-0,86)<\/td><td>N\u00edzka spo\u013eahlivos\u0165 v re\u00e1lnom prostred\u00ed bez \u0161kolenia<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>CFQ<\/strong><\/td><td>5-10 min.<\/td><td>0-100<\/td><td>Subjekt\u00edvne s\u0165a\u017enosti<\/td><td>Zachyt\u00e1va ka\u017edodenn\u00e9 funkcie, vlastn\u00e9 hl\u00e1senie<\/td><td>NEkoreluje s objekt\u00edvnymi testami, sk\u00f4r meria psychick\u00fa tiese\u0148<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">*Upozornenie - vy\u0161\u0161ie sk\u00f3re znamen\u00e1 hor\u0161ie poznanie!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Montreal_Cognitive_Assessment_MoCA\"><\/span>Montrealsk\u00e9 kognit\u00edvne hodnotenie (MoCA)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"http:\/\/Nasreddine et al. (2005): &quot;The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment&quot; - Journal of the American Geriatrics Society\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Opis a realiz\u00e1cia testu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">MoCA je <strong>10-min\u00fatov\u00fd kognit\u00edvny skr\u00edningov\u00fd n\u00e1stroj<\/strong> s maxim\u00e1lnym po\u010dtom <strong>30 bodov<\/strong>.<br>Test hodnot\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e1 pam\u00e4\u0165<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vizu\u00e1lno-priestorov\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti (vizu\u00e1lno-priestorov\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00fdkonn\u00e9 funkcie<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pozornos\u0165 a pracovn\u00e1 pam\u00e4\u0165 (pozornos\u0165, pracovn\u00e1 pam\u00e4\u0165)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jazyk (jazyk)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Orient\u00e1cia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Vn\u00fatorn\u00e1 konzistencia<\/strong>Cronbachova alfa 0,83 v p\u00f4vodnej verzii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pri hrani\u010dnej hodnote 26 bodov:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>MMSE<\/strong>Citlivos\u0165 18% na detekciu MCI<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>MoCA<\/strong>Citlivos\u0165 90% na detekciu MCI<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pri miernej Alzheimerovej demencii<\/strong>Citlivos\u0165 MMSE 78% vs. MoCA 100%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0160pecifickos\u0165<\/strong>MMSE 100%, MoCA 87%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Prepojenie:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/15817019\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/15817019\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Predopera\u010dn\u00e9 vs. 24 hod\u00edn po oper\u00e1cii s celkovou anest\u00e9ziou<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>MMSE: 27,17\u00b11,93 \u2192 26,23\u00b12,77 (p=0,003)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>MoCA: 24,32\u00b13,19 \u2192 22,87\u00b13,88 (p=0,000)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Predopera\u010dn\u00e1 vs. 24-hodinov\u00e1 poopera\u010dn\u00e1 spin\u00e1lna anest\u00e9zia<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>MMSE: \u017diadny v\u00fdznamn\u00fd rozdiel<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>MoCA: 24,35\u00b12,84 \u2192 23,13\u00b14,08 (p=0,019)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>V\u00fdskyt POCD<\/strong>MoCA 32,9% vs. MMSE 15,2% (p=0,018)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pozor<\/strong>MoCA zistila zhor\u0161enie kognit\u00edvnych funkci\u00ed v oboch anestetick\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch, MMSE len v skupine s celkovou anest\u00e9ziou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u010eal\u0161ie \u0161t\u00fadie:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8580134\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Porovnanie MoCA vs. MMSE u star\u0161\u00edch pacientov po men\u0161ej pl\u00e1novanej oper\u00e1cii<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8580134\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Porovnanie poopera\u010dn\u00e9ho zhor\u0161enia kognit\u00edvnych funkci\u00ed pomocou Mini-Mental State Examination a Montrealsk\u00e9ho kognit\u00edvneho hodnotenia po men\u0161om v\u00fdberovom chirurgickom z\u00e1kroku u star\u0161\u00edch \u013eud\u00ed<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10811182\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">MCI ako rizikov\u00fd faktor POCD v chirurgii chrbtice<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8925052\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Defin\u00edcia POCD pomocou MoCA<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8925052\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Poopera\u010dn\u00e1 kognit\u00edvna dysfunkcia u star\u0161\u00edch chirurgick\u00fdch pacientov spojen\u00e1 so zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm zdravotnej starostlivosti: prospekt\u00edvna \u0161t\u00fadia z krajiny s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi stredn\u00fdmi pr\u00edjmami<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9764502\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Telef\u00f3n-MoCA (T-MoCA) v predopera\u010dnom prostred\u00ed<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/Wang et al. (2022): &quot;Early Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Patients after Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Analysis of Risk Factors and Cognitive Functional Levels&quot; - Journal of Healthcare Engineering\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Rizikov\u00e9 faktory pre POCD r\u00f4zneho stup\u0148a z\u00e1va\u017enosti<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7028034\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hrani\u010dn\u00e9 hodnoty MoCA v klinickej praxi<\/a><br><br><strong>pre norm\u00e1lne pozn\u00e1vanie<\/strong>:<br><strong>\u226526 bodov<\/strong>95% Citlivos\u0165<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>na vyl\u00fa\u010denie miernej demencie<\/strong>:<br><strong>\u226521 bodov<\/strong>98% negat\u00edvna predikt\u00edvna hodnota (NPV)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>pre vyl\u00fa\u010denie MCI<\/strong>:<br><strong>\u226526 bodov<\/strong>94% NPV<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7028034\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Diagnostick\u00e1 presnos\u0165 Montrealsk\u00e9ho kognit\u00edvneho hodnotenia (MoCA) na kognit\u00edvny skr\u00edning v psychiatrii v starobe: ur\u010denie hrani\u010dn\u00fdch hodn\u00f4t v klinickej praxi. Vyh\u00fdbanie sa skresleniu spektra sp\u00f4soben\u00e9mu zdrav\u00fdmi kontrolami<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Six_Cognitive_Item_Test_6CIT\"><\/span>Test \u0161iestich kognit\u00edvnych polo\u017eiek (6CIT)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10200246\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Opis a realiz\u00e1cia testu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Str\u00e1nka <strong>6CIT<\/strong> (pozri tie\u017e. <strong>Kingshill Verzia 2000<\/strong>) s priemern\u00fdm \u010dasom vykon\u00e1vania len 2,05 min\u00faty a maxim\u00e1lnym sk\u00f3re pi 28, ktor\u00e9 opisuje najhor\u0161ie poznanie, pri\u010dom ni\u017e\u0161ie hodnoty znamenaj\u00fa lep\u0161ie poznanie. Test hodnot\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pam\u00e4\u0165<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pozor<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jazyk<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00fdkonn\u00e9 funkcie<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Motorizovan\u00e1 r\u00fdchlos\u0165<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Medi\u00e1n sk\u00f3re pod\u013ea diagnostickej skupiny<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>SCD (Subjekt\u00edvny kognit\u00edvny pokles)<\/strong> - 2 body<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>MCI (mierna kognit\u00edvna porucha)<\/strong> - 5 bodov<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Demencia<\/strong> - 17 bodov<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u010eal\u0161ie \u0161t\u00fadie:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10200246\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Porovnanie \u0161es\u0165polo\u017ekov\u00e9ho testu kognit\u00edvnych por\u00fach (6CIT) s be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdmi kr\u00e1tkymi kognit\u00edvnymi skr\u00edningov\u00fdmi n\u00e1strojmi v popul\u00e1cii kliniky pre lie\u010dbu por\u00fach pam\u00e4ti<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/24256425\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Vhodnos\u0165 testu 6CIT ako skr\u00edningov\u00e9ho testu na demenciu u pacientov v prim\u00e1rnej starostlivosti<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32342018\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">R\u00fdchly osobn\u00fd kognit\u00edvny skr\u00edning v predopera\u010dnom prostred\u00ed: \u00favahy o testoch a odpor\u00fa\u010dania Spolo\u010dnosti pre periopera\u010dn\u00e9 hodnotenie a zlep\u0161ovanie kvality (SPAQI)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cognitive_Failure_Questionnaire_CFQ\"><\/span>Dotazn\u00edk kognit\u00edvneho zlyhania (CFQ)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/7126941\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Popis testu a p\u00f4vodn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Str\u00e1nka <strong>CFQ<\/strong> je <strong>dotazn\u00edk, ktor\u00fd si sami vyplnili<\/strong> s 25 ot\u00e1zkami na hodnotenie ch\u00fdb vo vn\u00edman\u00ed, pam\u00e4ti a motorike.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Vlastnosti<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Stupnica odpoved\u00ed<\/strong>0 (\u201eNikdy\u201c) a\u017e 4 (\u201eVe\u013emi \u010dasto\u201c)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Celkov\u00fd rozsah sk\u00f3re<\/strong>0-100 (vy\u0161\u0161ie hodnoty znamenaj\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu poruchu kognit\u00edvnych funkci\u00ed)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stabilita<\/strong>Relat\u00edvne stabiln\u00e9 po\u010das dlh\u00fdch obdob\u00ed (meranie vlastnost\u00ed namiesto merania stavu)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>S\u00favislos\u0165 s vonkaj\u0161\u00edmi krit\u00e9riami<\/strong>V\u00fdznamn\u00e1 korel\u00e1cia s hodnoteniami man\u017eelov<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>S\u00favislos\u0165 so psychiatrick\u00fdmi sympt\u00f3mami<\/strong>\u00c1no (MHQ - Dotazn\u00edk du\u0161evn\u00e9ho zdravia)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vo v\u00fdsledku s\u00fa zahrnut\u00e9 \u0161tyri subdom\u00e9ny:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Pam\u00e4\u0165<\/strong> s 0-32 bodmi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rozpt\u00fdlite\u013enos\u0165<\/strong> s 0-36 bodmi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Omyly (chyba)<\/strong> s 0-28 bodmi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>N\u00e1zvy<\/strong> s 0-8 bodmi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">POCD-typick\u00fd rozsah:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pam\u00e4\u0165<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pozor<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jazyk<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00fdkonn\u00e9 funkcie<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Motorizovan\u00e1 r\u00fdchlos\u0165<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u010eal\u0161ie \u0161t\u00fadie:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/7126941\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dotazn\u00edk kognit\u00edvnych por\u00fach (CFQ) a jeho korel\u00e1ty<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5140732\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Endoskopick\u00e1 s\u00ednusov\u00e1 chirurgia zlep\u0161uje kognit\u00edvne dysfunkcie u pacientov s chronickou rinosinusit\u00eddou<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC6385821\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Poopera\u010dn\u00e1 kognit\u00edvna dysfunkcia po bypasse koron\u00e1rnej tepny<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10685926\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dvan\u00e1s\u0165mesa\u010dn\u00e9 sledovanie \u00fa\u010dinkov kognit\u00edvneho tr\u00e9ningu po oper\u00e1cii srdcovej chlopne na kognit\u00edvne funkcie a kvalitu \u017eivota s\u00favisiacu so zdrav\u00edm: randomizovan\u00e1 klinick\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10044453\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Rev\u00edzia faktorovej \u0161trukt\u00fary a kon\u0161truktovej validity dotazn\u00edka kognit\u00edvnych por\u00fach<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/10579381\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dotazn\u00edk kognit\u00edvnych por\u00fach v psychiatrii<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Einfluss_von_Narkotika_auf_postoperative_POCD\"><\/span>Vplyv narkot\u00edk na poopera\u010dn\u00fa POCD<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Intraven\u00f3zne aplikovan\u00fd <em>Propofol<\/em> pod\u013ea tohto <a href=\"http:\/\/Postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Possible neuronal mechanisms and practical consequences for clinical routine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0160t\u00fadia<\/a> ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt del\u00edria a POCD v porovnan\u00ed s inhala\u010dnou anest\u00e9ziou sevoflur\u00e1nom. \u0160t\u00fadia je k dispoz\u00edcii len v platenej verzii v <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00101-012-2024-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cel\u00fd text<\/a> pred.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00fdskyt POCD bol vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pri sevoflur\u00e1ne (57,1%) v porovnan\u00ed s propofolom (32,3%) a v\u00fdskyt del\u00edria bol tie\u017e vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pri sevoflur\u00e1ne (34,2%) v porovnan\u00ed s propofolom (len 8,8%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Demenz_Alzheimer\"><\/span>Demencia a Alzheimerova choroba<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hoci demencia je syndr\u00f3m a opisuje pr\u00edznaky <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nia.nih.gov\/health\/alzheimers-and-dementia\/alzheimers-disease-fact-sheet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Alzheimerova choroba<\/a> ochorenia, je \u0161pecifickou pr\u00ed\u010dinou t\u00fdchto pr\u00edznakov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Demencia sa del\u00ed na (<a href=\"http:\/\/Relative frequencies of Alzheimer disease, Lewy body, vascular and frontotemporal dementia, and hippocampal sclerosis in the State of Florida Brain Bank\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Frekvencia<\/a>):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Alzheimerova choroba<\/strong> - (77%)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Demencia s Lewyho telieskami (LBD)<\/strong> - (26%)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vaskul\u00e1rna demencia (VaD)<\/strong> - (18%)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Skler\u00f3za hipokampu (HS)<\/strong> - (13%) <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Frontotempor\u00e1lna demencia (FTD)<\/strong> - (5%)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Zmie\u0161an\u00e1 demencia<\/strong><br>S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 Alzheimerova choroba u pacientov s LBD - (66%)<br>S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 Alzheimerova choroba u pacientov s VaD - (77%)<br>S\u00fabe\u017en\u00e1 Alzheimerova choroba u pacientov s HS - (66%)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pod\u013ea s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch poznatkov (01.2026) sa v\u0161etky formy demencie pova\u017euj\u00fa za nevylie\u010dite\u013en\u00e9. Mo\u017eno len spomali\u0165 jej progresiu. Okrem zn\u00e1mych liekov <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC12131090\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u010fal\u0161\u00edch 138 sk\u00faman\u00fdch<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Z h\u013eadiska prevencie sa uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee vy\u0161\u0161ie vzdelanie, fyzick\u00e1 aktivita, dobr\u00e9 zvl\u00e1dacie schopnosti a siln\u00e1 soci\u00e1lna sie\u0165 maj\u00fa pozit\u00edvny vplyv na zn\u00ed\u017eenie rizikov\u00fdch faktorov demencie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u010eal\u0161ie \u0161t\u00fadie:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">... bude pokra\u010dova\u0165...<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u010cas \u010d\u00edtania<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">z\u00e1pisnice<\/span><\/span>Was sind die Unterschiede zwischen POCD (Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction), Demenz und Alzheimer und wie ist die aktuelle, medizinische Studienlage? Dies soll nachfolgend untersucht und detailliert dargelegt werden. In einem weiteren Beitrag (noch in Bearbeitung) werden M\u00f6glichkeiten der Anwendung \u00c4therischer \u00d6le und deren Wirkung auf o.g. Krankheitsbilder aufgezeigt. Alle Aussagen werden mittels unabh\u00e4ngiger wissenschaftlicher Studien belegt.&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2026\/01\/03\/pocd-demenz-alzheimer\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">\u010c\u00edta\u0165 viac \"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">POCD - Demencia a Alzheimerova choroba<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12080","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"modified_by":"Achim Goerner","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12080","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12080"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12080\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12080"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12080"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12080"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}