{"id":4597,"date":"2023-06-15T18:26:49","date_gmt":"2023-06-15T18:26:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/?p=4597"},"modified":"2026-04-03T11:47:45","modified_gmt":"2026-04-03T11:47:45","slug":"potravinove-doplnky-a-pridavne-latky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/","title":{"rendered":"Potravinov\u00e9 doplnky a pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Obsah<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#Zutaten_und_Zusatzstoffe\" >Zlo\u017eky a pr\u00edsady<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#Zutaten\" >Zlo\u017eky<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#Zusatzstoffe\" >Pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#Der_Teufel_im_Detail\" >Diabol v detailoch<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#E101_Riboflavin\" >E101 (riboflav\u00edn)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#E171_Titandioxid\" >E171 (oxid titani\u010dit\u00fd)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#E200_Sorbinsaure_E201Natriumsorbat_E202_Kaliumsorbat_E203_Calciumsorbat\" >E200 (kyselina sorbov\u00e1), E201 (sorban sodn\u00fd), E202 (sorban draseln\u00fd), E203 (sorban v\u00e1penat\u00fd)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#E_407_407a_Carrageen\" >E 407 \/ 407a (karagenan)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#E460_Mikrokristalline_Cellulose\" >E460 (mikrokry\u0161talick\u00e1 celul\u00f3za)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#E551_Siliciumdioxid\" >E551 (oxid kremi\u010dit\u00fd)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#E572_Magnesiumstearat\" >E572 (stearan hore\u010dnat\u00fd)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#E952_Cyclamat\" >E952 (cyklam\u00e1t)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#E953_Isomalt\" >E953 (Isomalt)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#E954_Natriumsaccharin\" >E954 (sachar\u00edn sodn\u00fd)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#E967_Xylit_Birkenzucker\" >E967 (xylitol \/ brezov\u00fd cukor)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#E968_Erythrit_Erythritol\" >E968 (erytritol \/ erytritol)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#E1400_Maltodextrin\" >E1400 (maltodextr\u00edn)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#Bioverfugbarkeit\" >Biologick\u00e1 dostupnos\u0165<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#Der_Wirkstoff_Magnesium-Citrat\" >\u00da\u010dinn\u00e1 l\u00e1tka: citr\u00e1t hore\u010dnat\u00fd<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/#Fazit\" >Z\u00e1ver<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u010cas \u010d\u00edtania<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 7<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">z\u00e1pisnice<\/span><\/span>\n<p>Spotrebitelia chc\u00fa, aby v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00e9 doplnky neobsahovali pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky. Priemysel v\u0161ak r\u00e1d pou\u017e\u00edva r\u00f4zne pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, ako s\u00fa farbiv\u00e1 alebo sladidl\u00e1, vo svoj prospech, aby u\u013eah\u010dil v\u00fdrobu a optimalizoval hospod\u00e1rnos\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V drog\u00e9ri\u00e1ch, obchodn\u00fdch domoch alebo \u010dasopisoch m\u00f4\u017eete ob\u010das n\u00e1js\u0165 reklamn\u00e9 let\u00e1ky so vzorkov\u00fdmi vrec\u00fa\u0161kami s pr\u00ed\u0165a\u017eliv\u00fdm reklamn\u00fdm sloganom, ako napr\u00edklad \"Podporte svoje svaly\" s \u00fa\u010dinnou l\u00e1tkou citr\u00e1t hore\u010dnat\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ak sa pred u\u017eit\u00edm nepozriete na drobn\u00e9 p\u00edsmo, budete nad\u0161en\u00ed pon\u00fakan\u00fdmi v\u00fdhodami a obsah vrec\u00fa\u0161ka ihne\u010f spotrebujete s presved\u010den\u00edm, \u017ee ste pre svoje telo urobili nie\u010do dobr\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zutaten_und_Zusatzstoffe\"><\/span>Zlo\u017eky a pr\u00edsady<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nie je to jedno a to ist\u00e9?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zutaten\"><\/span>Zlo\u017eky<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pod\u013ea nemeck\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o potravin\u00e1ch sa od 26. decembra 1983 na balen\u00fdch (!) potravin\u00e1ch - a\u017e na nieko\u013eko v\u00fdnimiek - povinne uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa zlo\u017eky v zostupnom porad\u00ed pod\u013ea hmotnosti a\u017e do 2 %, ktor\u00e9 boli do potraviny pridan\u00e9 po\u010das v\u00fdrobn\u00e9ho procesu. Zlo\u017eky s obsahom ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm ako 2 % sa v Nemecku neuv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nedeklarovate\u013en\u00e1 \u010diastkov\u00e1 zlo\u017eka je zlo\u017eka, ktor\u00e1 nepln\u00ed (alebo u\u017e nepln\u00ed) funkciu. Pr\u00edklad: Karagenan sa prid\u00e1va ako emulg\u00e1tor na zmie\u0161anie tuku s vodou, napr. do smotany. V smotanovom \u0161pen\u00e1te je v\u0161ak smotana (emulgovan\u00e1 karagenanom) spracovan\u00e1 a nemus\u00ed sa uv\u00e1dza\u0165. Karagenan pou\u017eit\u00fd v smotane u\u017e splnil svoju funkciu v smotane a nie (alebo u\u017e nie) v kr\u00e9movom \u0161pen\u00e1te.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alebo: Konzerva\u010dn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky obsiahnut\u00e9 v ovocnom pr\u00edpravku jogurtu sa tie\u017e nemusia uv\u00e1dza\u0165, ak konzervuj\u00fa len ovocn\u00fd pr\u00edpravok, ale nie jogurt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zusatzstoffe\"><\/span>Pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00edsady s\u00fa l\u00e1tky, ktor\u00e9 zjednodu\u0161uj\u00fa v\u00fdrobn\u00e9 procesy a po\u017eadovan\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa farbu, chu\u0165, konzistenciu alebo trvanlivos\u0165. V E\u00da je zaregistrovan\u00fdch a povolen\u00fdch pribli\u017ene 320 pr\u00eddavn\u00fdch l\u00e1tok pod takzvan\u00fdmi \u010d\u00edslami E. S\u00fa uveden\u00e9 v zozname <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bvl.bund.de\/DE\/Arbeitsbereiche\/01_Lebensmittel\/03_Verbraucher\/05_Zusatzstoffe\/lm_zusatzst_node.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Adit\u00edvne triedy<\/a> rozdelen\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Der_Teufel_im_Detail\"><\/span>Diabol v detailoch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ale ako to u\u017e b\u00fdva, diabol sa skr\u00fdva v detailoch: zoznam zlo\u017eiek obsahuje cel\u00fd rad l\u00e1tok, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa v\u0161etko in\u00e9, len nie prospe\u0161n\u00e9 a zdraviu prospe\u0161n\u00e9. Vo vy\u0161\u0161ie uvedenom pr\u00edklade je E953 (<em>Isomalt<\/em>), E1400 (<em>Maltodextr\u00edn<\/em>), E952 (<em>Cyklam\u00e1t<\/em>), E954 (<em>Sachar\u00edn sodn\u00fd<\/em>), v\u0161etk\u00fdch umel\u00fdch sladidiel a E101 (<em>Riboflav\u00edn<\/em>) ako farbivo. Ale aj \u010fal\u0161ie dizajnov\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, ako napr\u00edklad E202 (<em>Sorban draseln\u00fd<\/em>) ved\u00fa k nepr\u00edjemn\u00e9mu podr\u00e1\u017edeniu poko\u017eky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"E101_Riboflavin\"><\/span>E101 (riboflav\u00edn)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Riboflav\u00edn, zn\u00e1my aj ako <em>Laktoflav\u00edn<\/em> zn\u00e1my ako vitam\u00edn B, sa na rozdiel od prirodzene sa vyskytuj\u00faceho vitam\u00ednu B vyr\u00e1ba umelo, a to aj pomocou genetick\u00e9ho in\u017einierstva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 hlin\u00edka v umelo vyr\u00e1ban\u00fdch farbiv\u00e1ch je d\u00f4vodom na obavy, preto\u017ee m\u00f4\u017ee naru\u0161i\u0165 funkciu \u010driev t\u00fdm, \u017ee men\u00ed prirodzen\u00fd mikrobi\u00f3m (\u010drevn\u00e9 bakt\u00e9rie), a t\u00fdm oslabuje imunitn\u00fd syst\u00e9m. M\u00f4\u017ee tie\u017e podporova\u0165 rozvoj demencie a zhor\u0161ova\u0165 plodnos\u0165 t\u00fdm, \u017ee ovplyv\u0148uje \u017eensk\u00e9 pohlavn\u00e9 horm\u00f3ny (tzv. kovov\u00fd estrog\u00e9n).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"E171_Titandioxid\"><\/span>E171 (oxid titani\u010dit\u00fd)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pou\u017e\u00edva sa ako umel\u00e1 pr\u00edsada v r\u00e1mci&nbsp;<em>E171<\/em>&nbsp;alebo&nbsp;<em>CI 77891<\/em>alebo&nbsp;<em>PW6<\/em>&nbsp;ako - biely - farebn\u00fd pigment).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V \u0161t\u00fadii uverejnenej v \u010dasopise Nature v roku 2017 v\u00fdskumn\u00edci z franc\u00fazskej&nbsp;<em>N\u00e1rodn\u00fd \u00fastav pre po\u013enohospod\u00e1rsky v\u00fdskum<\/em>&nbsp;(INRA) ozn\u00e1mili, \u017ee potkanom pod\u00e1vali 100 dn\u00ed pitn\u00fa vodu obohaten\u00fa oxidom titani\u010dit\u00fdm. D\u00e1vka zodpovedala d\u00e1vke, ktor\u00fa \u013eudia denne konzumuj\u00fa prostredn\u00edctvom potrav\u00edn alebo kozmetiky. V\u00fdsledky \u0161t\u00fadie uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee spo\u010diatku vznikaj\u00fa nezhubn\u00e9 n\u00e1dory, ktor\u00e9 sa nakoniec vyvin\u00fa do zhubn\u00fdch n\u00e1dorov.<br>Autori uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa, \u017ee v\u00fdsledky \u0161t\u00fadie nemo\u017eno nevyhnutne prenies\u0165 na \u013eud\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ke\u010f\u017ee ve\u013ekos\u0165 \u010dast\u00edc oxidu titani\u010dit\u00e9ho m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 men\u0161ia ako 100 nm, oxid titani\u010dit\u00fd je priepustn\u00fd aj pre hematoencefalick\u00fa bari\u00e9ru. Vedie k oxida\u010dn\u00e9mu stresu buniek, vyvol\u00e1va z\u00e1palov\u00e9 reakcie (chron. P\u013e\u00facne ochorenia&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.1008155107\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Zdroj<\/a>&nbsp;z 25. okt\u00f3bra 2010) a je tie\u017e schopn\u00fd po\u0161kodi\u0165 genetick\u00fd materi\u00e1l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nemeck\u00fd spolkov\u00fd snem (vedeck\u00e9 slu\u017eby) na\u0148 reagoval pod ref.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/resource\/blob\/557696\/9acba3e4bf8752b1507fae62ae6f2c5f\/wd-9---021-18-pdf-data.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WD 9 - 3000 - 021\/18<\/a>&nbsp;\"Ke\u010f\u017ee mal\u00fd po\u010det \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed nazna\u010duje mo\u017en\u00e9 negat\u00edvne \u00fa\u010dinky na reproduk\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m, EFSA odpor\u00fa\u010da, aby sa vykonali \u010fal\u0161ie \u0161t\u00fadie s cie\u013eom vyplni\u0165 existuj\u00face medzery v \u00fadajoch o mo\u017en\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dinkoch na reproduk\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0278691520307043?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0160t\u00fadia<\/a>&nbsp;od decembra 2020 sa sk\u00famali potravin\u00e1rske pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky (farbiv\u00e1 E171, E172, E174, E175 a protihrudkuj\u00faca l\u00e1tka E551) v nanorozmeroch a preuk\u00e1zala sa indukcia gastro, pe\u010de\u0148ovej a neurotoxicity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"E200_Sorbinsaure_E201Natriumsorbat_E202_Kaliumsorbat_E203_Calciumsorbat\"><\/span>E200 (kyselina sorbov\u00e1), E201 (sorban sodn\u00fd), E202 (sorban draseln\u00fd), E203 (sorban v\u00e1penat\u00fd)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kyselina sorbov\u00e1, sorban sodn\u00fd, draseln\u00fd a v\u00e1penat\u00fd sa vyr\u00e1baj\u00fa synteticky a pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa ako konzerva\u010dn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky. Sorban draseln\u00fd sa prirodzene nach\u00e1dza v nezrel\u00fdch plodoch jarabiny, zatia\u013e \u010do kyselina sorbov\u00e1 sa v\u0161eobecne vyskytuje v m\u0161iciach, jahod\u00e1ch jarabiny a vo v\u00edne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa ako konzerva\u010dn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky v liekoch, n\u00e1tierkach, datliach, \u013eadovom \u010daji, ke\u010dupe, kozmetick\u00fdch v\u00fdrobkoch, d\u017eeme, majon\u00e9ze, oliv\u00e1ch, remul\u00e1de, d\u017e\u00fasov\u00fdch sprejoch, sirupe, s\u00f3jovej om\u00e1\u010dke, tabaku a v\u00edne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Za norm\u00e1lnych okolnost\u00ed sa sorban draseln\u00fd metabolizuje ako mastn\u00e1 kyselina. Ke\u010f\u017ee sa v\u0161ak <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20036729\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0160t\u00fadia<\/a> Sevcan Mamur e.a. z roku 2009, \u017ee sorban draseln\u00fd m\u00e1 genotoxick\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok na lymfocyty a sp\u00f4sobuje zn\u00ed\u017eenie bakteri\u00e1lnej diverzity \u010drevnej fl\u00f3ry pri pokusoch na zvierat\u00e1ch. V ojedinel\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch bola pozorovan\u00e1 aj precitlivenos\u0165, napr\u00edklad v\u00fdskyt \u017eih\u013eavky. Pri vysok\u00fdch d\u00e1vkach sa in vitro preuk\u00e1zali karcinog\u00e9nne \u00fa\u010dinky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pou\u017e\u00edvanie chemicky pr\u00edbuzn\u00e9ho pr\u00edpravku E201 (sorban sodn\u00fd) je v E\u00da zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 od roku 1998, preto\u017ee sa preuk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 genetick\u00e9 po\u0161kodenie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"E_407_407a_Carrageen\"><\/span>E 407 \/ 407a (karagenan)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Karag\u00e9nan sa pou\u017e\u00edva ako \u017eel\u00edruj\u00faca\/zahus\u0165uj\u00faca l\u00e1tka, napr. v kr\u00e9me, aby sa kr\u00e9m neoddelil. Nach\u00e1dza sa v takmer 17 000 potravin\u00e1ch (E 407a v pribli\u017ene 80), dokonca aj vo v\u00fdrobkoch ur\u010den\u00fdch pre doj\u010dat\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Karagenan, pr\u00eddavn\u00e1 l\u00e1tka vyr\u00e1ban\u00e1 z \u010derven\u00fdch rias (Furcellariaceae, Gigartinaceae, Hypneaceae, Solieriaceae) alebo z rias Eucheuma (E 407a - Eucheuma cottonii a spinosum), je zo zdravotn\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska ve\u013emi kontroverzn\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>EFSA neodpor\u00fa\u010da konzum\u00e1ciu karagenanu u det\u00ed do 3 mesiacov a po\u017eaduje, aby sa \"objasnili z\u00e1palov\u00e9 ochorenia \u010driev u \u013eud\u00ed\", ako aj podozrenie na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 riziko vzniku cukrovky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Karagenan je dostupn\u00fd v r\u00f4znych variantoch (napr. \u03ba-(kappa-)karagenan, \u03b9-(iota-)karagenan a \u03bb-(lambda-)karagenan), ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 r\u00f4zne \u00fa\u010dinky vr\u00e1tane karcinog\u00e9nnych \u00fa\u010dinkov (najm\u00e4 tie s ni\u017e\u0161ou molekulovou hmotnos\u0165ou).<br>Vo v\u0161eobecnosti s\u00fa povolen\u00e9 len varianty s vy\u0161\u0161ou molekulovou hmotnos\u0165ou, ktor\u00e9 v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017eu obsahova\u0165 a\u017e 5 % variantov s ni\u017e\u0161ou molekulovou hmotnos\u0165ou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Probl\u00e9m sa zhor\u0161uje tr\u00e1ven\u00edm, preto\u017ee ne\u0161kodn\u00e9 varianty sa m\u00f4\u017eu premeni\u0165 na \u0161kodliv\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u0161eobecn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o tejto t\u00e9me n\u00e1jdete v&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/280020831_Carrageenan_A_review\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0160t\u00fadia<\/a>&nbsp;od apr\u00edla 2013 je zhrnut\u00e1 pomerne komplexne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tejto \u0161t\u00fadii sa analyzuje v\u00fdvoj chronick\u00fdch z\u00e1palov\u00fdch \u010drevn\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed, ako je Crohnova choroba a ulcer\u00f3zna kolit\u00edda, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00f4sobuje karagenan v spojen\u00ed s karboxymetylcelul\u00f3zou (CMC).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2017.00096\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0160t\u00fadia<\/a>&nbsp;o\u0161etren\u00e9. Tieto str\u00e1nky&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/13\/10\/3402\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0160t\u00fadia<\/a>&nbsp;v tejto s\u00favislosti tie\u017e objas\u0148uje vyvol\u00e1vanie alergi\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"E460_Mikrokristalline_Cellulose\"><\/span>E460 (mikrokry\u0161talick\u00e1 celul\u00f3za)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Mikrokry\u0161talick\u00e1 celul\u00f3za (MCC) sa priemyselne pou\u017e\u00edva ako plnivo. Objav celul\u00f3zy&nbsp;<em>Anselme Payen<\/em>, franc\u00fazskeho chemika, poch\u00e1dza z roku 1838.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Dr. J. Seidemann<\/em>&nbsp;v roku 1976 varoval pred touto l\u00e1tkou, ktor\u00e1 sa vraj v tele nemetabolizuje, a preto sa vylu\u010duje v nezmenenej forme, preto\u017ee sa \"perzorbuje\" (vstreb\u00e1vanie ve\u013emi jemn\u00fdch nerozpustn\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc cez \u010drevn\u00fd epitel).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rozdiel spo\u010d\u00edva v \"mikrokry\u0161t\u00e1li\". Je to preto, \u017ee be\u017en\u00e1 celul\u00f3za je v skuto\u010dnosti nestr\u00e1vite\u013en\u00e1 a vylu\u010duje sa v nezmenenej forme a v rovnakom mno\u017estve, ako bola dodan\u00e1. Mikrokry\u0161talick\u00e1 celul\u00f3za m\u00e1 naproti tomu ve\u013ekos\u0165 v rozmedz\u00ed nanometrov, a preto m\u00f4\u017ee prech\u00e1dza\u0165 cez \u010drevn\u00fa sliznicu a hematoencefalick\u00fa bari\u00e9ru. Ke\u010f\u017ee tieto \u010dastice nem\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 v organizme metabolizovan\u00e9, treba spo\u010diatku predpoklada\u0165, \u017ee zostan\u00fa v organizme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zatia\u013e sa EFSA obmedzuje na poradenstvo o tom, \u010di je MCC \"stredne\" alebo \"takmer\" rozpustn\u00fd v roztoku hydroxidu sodn\u00e9ho, ako napr.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.efsa.europa.eu\/en\/efsajournal\/pub\/4699\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">tu<\/a>&nbsp;si m\u00f4\u017eete pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 tu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prinajmen\u0161om by sa mal zak\u00e1za\u0165 obsah MCC v detskej a doj\u010denskej v\u00fd\u017eive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto pr\u00edpade bol pozorovan\u00fd reverzibiln\u00fd z\u00e1pal postihuj\u00faci bunkov\u00e9 tkanivo p\u013e\u00fac sp\u00f4soben\u00fd MCC&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1569904808002206\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0160t\u00fadia<\/a>&nbsp;op\u00edsan\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tejto \u0161t\u00fadii sa preuk\u00e1zali pozit\u00edvne \u00fa\u010dinky MCC pri lie\u010dbe alkalickej gastrit\u00eddy pri refluxe \u017el\u010de.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/med\/9412131\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0160t\u00fadia<\/a>&nbsp;osved\u010den\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"E551_Siliciumdioxid\"><\/span>E551 (oxid kremi\u010dit\u00fd)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Oxid kremi\u010dit\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edva ako uvo\u013e\u0148ovadlo alebo protihrudkuj\u00face \u010dinidlo v potravin\u00e1rskom priemysle, ako aj v potravinov\u00fdch doplnkoch (doplnkoch stravy), aby sa zabr\u00e1nilo zhlukovaniu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oxid kremi\u010dit\u00fd je podozriv\u00fd z toho, \u017ee vyvol\u00e1va \u010drevn\u00e9 z\u00e1paly, preto\u017ee uvo\u013e\u0148uje z\u00e1palovo-reakt\u00edvne procesy v \u010dreve. Hoci to v\u00fdskumn\u00fd t\u00edm pod veden\u00edm Hanspetera N\u00e4geliho z Univerzity v Z\u00fcrichu dok\u00e1zal len v laborat\u00f3rnych testoch na dendritick\u00fdch bunk\u00e1ch my\u0161\u00ed, \u0161t\u00fadie o t\u00fdchto \u00fa\u010dinkoch na \u013eu\u010foch e\u0161te len prebiehaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Okrem toho sa oxid kremi\u010dit\u00fd ned\u00e1 v tele metabolizova\u0165 a uklad\u00e1 sa v org\u00e1noch. Okrem in\u00e9ho vedie k z\u00e1palom, sp\u00f4sobuje poruchy v metabolizme buniek a vedie k ich pred\u010dasn\u00e9mu starnutiu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proklamovan\u00e1 ne\u0161kodnos\u0165 oxidu kremi\u010dit\u00e9ho by sa mala prehodnoti\u0165, hovor\u00ed\u00a0<em>Hanspeter N\u00e4geli<\/em>\u00a0z In\u0161tit\u00fatu veterin\u00e1rnej farmakol\u00f3gie a toxikol\u00f3gie na Univerzite v Z\u00fcrichu v z\u00e1vere\u010dnej bro\u017e\u00fare N\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho v\u00fdskumn\u00e9ho programu NRP 64\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.snf.ch\/media\/de\/WZHgU3CXDj9IKQqK\/Schlussbroschuere_NFP64_D.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\"Pr\u00edle\u017eitosti a rizik\u00e1 nanomateri\u00e1lov\"<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"E572_Magnesiumstearat\"><\/span>E572 (stearan hore\u010dnat\u00fd)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Stearan hore\u010dnat\u00fd je so\u013e kyseliny stearovej, ktor\u00e1 pozost\u00e1va z 96 % kyseliny stearovej a 4 % hor\u010d\u00edka. Pou\u017e\u00edva sa ako superplastik\u00e1tor\/rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adlo. Stearan hore\u010dnat\u00fd sa v pr\u00edrode nevyskytuje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Medzi \u0161kodliv\u00e9 ved\u013eaj\u0161ie \u00fa\u010dinky patr\u00ed oslabenie imunitn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a zhor\u0161en\u00e9 vstreb\u00e1vanie \u017eivotne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch l\u00e1tok a \u017eiv\u00edn vo v\u0161eobecnosti. Alerg\u00e9nny \u00fa\u010dinok bol dok\u00e1zan\u00fd v&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23241129\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">tu<\/a>&nbsp;vy\u0161\u0161ie op\u00edsan\u00fd pr\u00edpad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"E952_Cyclamat\"><\/span>E952 (cyklam\u00e1t)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Cyklam\u00e1t je tie\u017e umelo vyroben\u00e1 dizajn\u00e9rska l\u00e1tka, ktor\u00e1 sa nemetabolizuje, ale vylu\u010duje sa v nezmenenej forme obli\u010dkami. To vedie ku kontamin\u00e1cii pitnej vody. Pokusy uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee my\u0161i po po\u017eit\u00ed cyklam\u00e1tu v pitnej vode priberaj\u00fa na hmotnosti.<br>Pokusy na zvierat\u00e1ch v\u0161ak preuk\u00e1zali zmeny v zlo\u017een\u00ed bakt\u00e9ri\u00ed v \u010dreve. Cyklam\u00e1t je v niektor\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch zak\u00e1zan\u00fd pre podozrenie z karcinog\u00e9nnych \u00fa\u010dinkov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"E953_Isomalt\"><\/span>E953 (Isomalt)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Izomalt sa vyr\u00e1ba z dom\u00e1ceho cukru, je klasifikovan\u00fd ako dizajnov\u00e9 sladidlo a m\u00f4\u017ee sa pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 v potravin\u00e1rskom priemysle bez obmedzenia maxim\u00e1lneho mno\u017estva. Ke\u010f\u017ee s\u00e1m o sebe nedok\u00e1\u017ee vytvori\u0165 dostato\u010dn\u00fd stupe\u0148 sladkosti, pou\u017e\u00edva sa v kombin\u00e1cii s in\u00fdmi umel\u00fdmi sladidlami.<br>Ke\u010f\u017ee izomalt m\u00f4\u017ee vo ve\u013ek\u00fdch mno\u017estv\u00e1ch sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 hna\u010dku, potravina mus\u00ed by\u0165 ozna\u010den\u00e1 slovami \"Pri nadmernej konzum\u00e1cii m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 laxat\u00edvny \u00fa\u010dinok\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"E954_Natriumsaccharin\"><\/span>E954 (sachar\u00edn sodn\u00fd)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Obsah sachar\u00ednu sodn\u00e9ho je v podstate toto\u017en\u00fd s vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00fdm. Limitn\u00e1 hodnota pre pou\u017eitie v potravin\u00e1ch je od 80 mg do 3 g na kilogram. V\u00fdskyt \u017eih\u013eavky predstavuje zdravotn\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Sachar\u00edn a acesulfam K boli tie\u017e klasifikovan\u00e9 ako sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u010de po\u0161kodenia DNA. Genotoxicita je vy\u0161\u0161ia ako u aspart\u00e1mu.<br>Pokia\u013e ide o zne\u010distenie odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d, treba poznamena\u0165, \u017ee doteraz \u017eiadna \u010distiare\u0148 odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d nie je schopn\u00e1 odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 toto umel\u00e9 sladidlo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"E967_Xylit_Birkenzucker\"><\/span>E967 (xylitol \/ brezov\u00fd cukor)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Brezov\u00fd cukor, zn\u00e1my pod r\u00f4znymi n\u00e1zvami ako xylitol, xylitol, pentanpentol (<em>2R,3r,4S)-Pentan-1,2,3,4,5-pentol<\/em> \/ <em>xylo-1,2,3,4,5-pentanpentol<\/em>) sl\u00fa\u017ei ako n\u00e1hrada cukru a nie je zaraden\u00fd medzi sacharidy ako cukor, ale medzi cukrov\u00e9 alkoholy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mus\u00ed by\u0165 ozna\u010den\u00fd v potravin\u00e1ch s hmotnostn\u00fdm obsahom vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm ako 10 % (laxat\u00edvny \u00fa\u010dinok pri nadmernej konzum\u00e1cii), preto\u017ee m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 plynatos\u0165 a hna\u010dku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Okrem toho, podobne ako pri sorbitole, podobnom cukrovom alkohole, doch\u00e1dza k ich ferment\u00e1cii \u010drevn\u00fdmi bakt\u00e9riami, \u010do na jednej strane vedie k vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00fdm ne\u017eiaducim \u00fa\u010dinkom, ale aj k mo\u017enej intolerancii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ned\u00e1vne \u0161t\u00fadie v Nemecku a v zahrani\u010d\u00ed poukazuj\u00fa na zv\u00fd\u0161enie po\u010dtu tromb\u00f3z a infarktov pri 60 % (pozri tie\u017e E968), ako napr. \u0161t\u00fadia z 07.2024 <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38842092\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Xylitol je protrombotick\u00fd a s\u00favis\u00ed s kardiovaskul\u00e1rnym rizikom<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"E968_Erythrit_Erythritol\"><\/span>E968 (erytritol \/ erytritol)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Erytritol je podobne ako <em>Xylitol, sorbitol, manitol<\/em> je cukrov\u00fd alkohol, a preto sa m\u00e1 z h\u013eadiska riz\u00edk a ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00edch \u00fa\u010dinkov pova\u017eova\u0165 za identick\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0160t\u00fadie ukazuj\u00fa rovnak\u00fd probl\u00e9m, pokia\u013e ide o \u00fa\u010dinky na zdravie. Napr\u00edklad americk\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia z 02.2023 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-023-02223-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Umel\u00e9 sladidlo erytritol a riziko kardiovaskul\u00e1rnych pr\u00edhod<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"E1400_Maltodextrin\"><\/span>E1400 (maltodextr\u00edn)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Maltodextr\u00edn je umelo vyroben\u00e1 l\u00e1tka a podobne ako cukor m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobova\u0165 zubn\u00fd kaz. Okrem toho glykemick\u00fd index 120 je ove\u013ea vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ako 70 v pr\u00edpade dom\u00e1ceho cukru. M\u00f4\u017ee tie\u017e vies\u0165 k zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9mu riziku cukrovky, kardiovaskul\u00e1rnych ochoren\u00ed a dokonca aj k pred\u010dasnej smrti. Ak sa maltodextr\u00edn pou\u017e\u00edva spolu so sladidlom sukral\u00f3zou (E955), m\u00f4\u017ee podporova\u0165 obezitu. \u0160t\u00fadie na zvierat\u00e1ch preuk\u00e1zali chronick\u00fd \u010drevn\u00fd z\u00e1pal, napr\u00edklad Crohnovu chorobu alebo ulcer\u00f3znu kolit\u00eddu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedn\u00fdm z variantov je <em>odoln\u00e9 vo\u010di tr\u00e1veniu<\/em> Maltodextr\u00edn, ktor\u00fd sa nevstreb\u00e1va do tela.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bioverfugbarkeit\"><\/span>Biologick\u00e1 dostupnos\u0165<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u0161etci sme to za\u017eili: sed\u00edte pred zape\u010daten\u00fdm bal\u00ed\u010dkom syra alebo sal\u00e1my a nem\u00f4\u017eete ho otvori\u0165!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podobn\u00fd osud postihuje organizmus aj pri r\u00f4znych potravinov\u00fdch doplnkoch. U\u017e\u00edvate ich, ale telo ich dok\u00e1\u017ee vstreba\u0165 a spracova\u0165 len \u010diasto\u010dne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Preto je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, aby sa u\u017e\u00edvali len tie pr\u00edpravky, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pre telo plne a r\u00fdchlo dostupn\u00e9 na vyu\u017eitie, t. j. biologick\u00e1 dostupnos\u0165 sa vz\u0165ahuje na rozsah a r\u00fdchlos\u0165, akou je \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 l\u00e1tka dostupn\u00e1 v krvnom obehu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Der_Wirkstoff_Magnesium-Citrat\"><\/span>\u00da\u010dinn\u00e1 l\u00e1tka: citr\u00e1t hore\u010dnat\u00fd<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Teraz sa tu pon\u00faka forma hor\u010d\u00edka, konkr\u00e9tne citr\u00e1t hor\u010d\u00edka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V pr\u00edpravkoch s hor\u010d\u00edkom sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa najm\u00e4 tieto zl\u00fa\u010deniny:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>S\u00edran hore\u010dnat\u00fd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Oxid hore\u010dnat\u00fd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Taur\u00e1t hore\u010dnat\u00fd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Citr\u00e1t hor\u010d\u00edka<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mal\u00e1t hore\u010dnat\u00fd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ak sa niekto sna\u017e\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29679349\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0160t\u00fadie<\/a> Pokia\u013e ide o biologick\u00fa dostupnos\u0165 hor\u010d\u00edka, zistilo sa, \u017ee citr\u00e1t hore\u010dnat\u00fd a oxid hore\u010dnat\u00fd maj\u00fa najhor\u0161iu biologick\u00fa dostupnos\u0165, zatia\u013e \u010do mal\u00e1t hore\u010dnat\u00fd zabezpe\u010duje najvy\u0161\u0161iu dostupnos\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Fazit\"><\/span>Z\u00e1ver<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Potravinov\u00e9 pr\u00edsady a potravinov\u00e9 doplnky predstavuj\u00fa pre v\u00fdrobcov predov\u0161etk\u00fdm ekonomicky zauj\u00edmav\u00fa pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 na zv\u00fd\u0161enie predaja. V spojen\u00ed s \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdm marketingom ich mo\u017eno v\u00fdrazne zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kto uver\u00ed nekontrolovan\u00fdm reklamn\u00fdm tvrdeniam, r\u00fdchlo napln\u00ed amb\u00edcie spolo\u010dnosti, ale len zriedka prispeje k vlastn\u00e9mu zdraviu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Preto je vhodn\u00e9 sa na problematiku v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00fdch doplnkov pozrie\u0165 bli\u017e\u0161ie a pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 len produkty, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa skuto\u010dne bez ak\u00fdchko\u013evek pr\u00eddavn\u00fdch l\u00e1tok a zlo\u017eiek, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa zdraviu \u0161kodliv\u00e9 a - v pr\u00edpade v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00fdch doplnkov - s\u00fa vysoko biologicky dostupn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u010cas \u010d\u00edtania<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 7<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">z\u00e1pisnice<\/span><\/span>Spotrebitelia chc\u00fa, aby v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00e9 doplnky neobsahovali pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky. Priemysel v\u0161ak r\u00e1d vyu\u017e\u00edva vlastnosti r\u00f4znych pr\u00eddavn\u00fdch l\u00e1tok, ako s\u00fa farbiv\u00e1 alebo sladidl\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 u\u013eah\u010duj\u00fa v\u00fdrobu a ekonomicky ju optimalizuj\u00fa, vo svoj prospech. Ka\u017ed\u00fa chv\u00ed\u013eu m\u00f4\u017eete v drog\u00e9ri\u00e1ch, obchodn\u00fdch domoch alebo \u010dasopisoch n\u00e1js\u0165 reklamn\u00e9 let\u00e1ky so vzorkov\u00fdmi vrec\u00fa\u0161kami s pr\u00ed\u0165a\u017eliv\u00fdmi reklamn\u00fdmi sloganmi, ako napr\u00edklad \"Podporte svoje svaly\" s citr\u00e1tom hor\u010d\u00edka...&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2023\/06\/15\/nahrungsergaenzungsmittel-und-zusatzstoffe\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">\u010c\u00edta\u0165 viac \"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Potravinov\u00e9 doplnky a pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[354,1641],"tags":[1645,1488,1510,1479,1644,1730,1495,1560,1500,1486,1569,1649,1503,1504,1581,1646,1103,1652,1655,1492,1760,1759,1561,1562,1499,1573,1506,1654,1656,1653,1767,1489,1766,1566,1567,1497,1575,1577,1571,1570,1481,1485,1647,1578,1659,1476,1478,1660,1579,1565,1657,1762,1563,1650,1764,1484,1648,1564,1475,1474,1496,1661,1731,1733,1505,1734,1732,1658,1483,1498,1568,1472,1509,1643,1761,214,1490,1763,1494,1502,1642,1574,1501,1572,1580,1507,1491,1482,1487,1508,1765,1651,1480,1493,1477],"class_list":["post-4597","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-medizin-gesundheit","category-nahrungsergaenzungsmittel","tag-acesulfam-k","tag-adi","tag-allergen","tag-analysemethode","tag-aspartam","tag-bioverfuegbarkeit","tag-blut-hirn-schranke","tag-carrageen","tag-cellulose","tag-chronisch","tag-colitis-ulcerosa","tag-cyclamat","tag-darmepithel","tag-darmschleimhaut","tag-diabetes","tag-dna-schaeden","tag-durchfall","tag-e101","tag-e1400","tag-e171","tag-e201","tag-e202","tag-e407","tag-e407a","tag-e460","tag-e551","tag-e572","tag-e952","tag-e953","tag-e954","tag-eberesche","tag-efsa","tag-erbgutschaeden","tag-eucheuma-cottonii","tag-eucheuma-spinosum","tag-fortpflanzungssystem","tag-fuellstoff","tag-furcellariaceae","tag-gallenreflux","tag-gastritis","tag-gebrauchszweck","tag-genotoxisch","tag-genotoxizitaet","tag-gigartinaceae","tag-gykaemisch","tag-herstellerangaben","tag-herstellungsverfahren","tag-herz-kreislauf-erkrankungen","tag-hypneaceae","tag-iota-carrageen","tag-isomalt","tag-kaliumsorbat","tag-kappa-carrageen","tag-karzinogen","tag-konservierungsmittel","tag-krebserregend","tag-lactoflavin","tag-lambdacarrageen","tag-lebensmittel-zusatzstoffe","tag-lebensmittelzusatzstoffe","tag-lungenerkrankung","tag-magnesium-citrat","tag-magnesiummalat","tag-magnesiumoxir","tag-magnesiumstearat","tag-magnesiumsulfat","tag-magnesiumtaurat","tag-maltodextrin","tag-metabolismus","tag-mikrokristalline-cellulose","tag-morbus-crohn","tag-nahrungsergaenzungsmittel","tag-natriumhydroxidloesung","tag-natriumsaccharin","tag-natriumsorbat","tag-nebenwirkungen","tag-nem","tag-nesselsucht","tag-oxidativ","tag-persorbieren","tag-riboflavin","tag-rieselhilfe","tag-seidemann","tag-siliciumdioxid","tag-solieriaceae","tag-stearinsaeure","tag-titandioxid","tag-toxikologie","tag-toxisch","tag-trennmittel","tag-urticaria","tag-urtikaria","tag-verwendung","tag-zellstress","tag-zusammensetzung"],"modified_by":"Achim Goerner","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4597","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4597"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4597\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4597"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4597"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4597"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}