{"id":5777,"date":"2023-11-30T12:05:40","date_gmt":"2023-11-30T12:05:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/?p=5777"},"modified":"2024-01-12T15:58:15","modified_gmt":"2024-01-12T15:58:15","slug":"dsl-kabel-opticke-vlakno-alebo-co","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2023\/11\/30\/dsl-kabel-glasfaser-oder-was\/","title":{"rendered":"DSL, k\u00e1bel, optick\u00e9 vl\u00e1kna - alebo \u010do?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Obsah<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2023\/11\/30\/dsl-kabel-glasfaser-oder-was\/#Historie\" >Hist\u00f3ria<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2023\/11\/30\/dsl-kabel-glasfaser-oder-was\/#Festnetz-Technologien\" >Technol\u00f3gie pevnej siete<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2023\/11\/30\/dsl-kabel-glasfaser-oder-was\/#ISDN\" >ISDN<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2023\/11\/30\/dsl-kabel-glasfaser-oder-was\/#VDSL\" >(V)DSL<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2023\/11\/30\/dsl-kabel-glasfaser-oder-was\/#Kabel\" >K\u00e1ble<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2023\/11\/30\/dsl-kabel-glasfaser-oder-was\/#Glasfaser\" >Sklenen\u00e9 vl\u00e1kno<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2023\/11\/30\/dsl-kabel-glasfaser-oder-was\/#Internet_unterwegs\" >Internet v pohybe<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2023\/11\/30\/dsl-kabel-glasfaser-oder-was\/#GSM_EDGE_UMTS_LTE_3G_4G_5G\" >GSM \/ EDGE \/ UMTS \/ LTE 3G, 4G, 5G<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2023\/11\/30\/dsl-kabel-glasfaser-oder-was\/#StarLink\" >StarLink<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u010cas \u010d\u00edtania<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 3<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">z\u00e1pisnice<\/span><\/span>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DSL, k\u00e1bel, optick\u00e9 vl\u00e1kna, nie je to v\u0161etko k\u00e1bel? - Ned\u00e1vno sa ma jeden mil\u00fd priate\u013e sp\u00fdtal, \u010di si viem predstavi\u0165 obr\u00e1zok hory a vola? Takto sa c\u00edtil hne\u010f po tom, ako som mu odporu\u010dil, aby si namiesto DSL po\u017eiadal o k\u00e1blovku, aby mal v bud\u00facnosti pr\u00edstup na internet. K\u00e1bel - ak\u00fd je v tom rozdiel, DSL tie\u017e be\u017e\u00ed cez k\u00e1bel?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tu je teda \u010dl\u00e1nok, ktor\u00fd by mal doslova pohn\u00fa\u0165 horami a vydl\u00e1\u017edi\u0165 cestu pri rozhodovan\u00ed o spr\u00e1vnej ceste na internet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Historie\"><\/span>Hist\u00f3ria<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kto e\u0161te vie <a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Modem.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">P\u00edpanie a cvrlikanie<\/a> telef\u00f3nneho prij\u00edma\u010da v akustickej spojke (<em>Dataphone 21D<\/em>) s 300 ... 2 400 bit\/s alebo modemy (<em>ELSA Microlink 24.4 TQV<\/em>) s r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou 28 800 bit\/s pri vyt\u00e1\u010dan\u00ed na internet?<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Akustikkoppler_Modem-1024x375.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5782\" style=\"width:481px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Akustikkoppler_Modem-1024x375.png 1024w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Akustikkoppler_Modem-1536x562.png 1536w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Akustikkoppler_Modem-18x7.png 18w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Akustikkoppler_Modem-300x110.png 300w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Akustikkoppler_Modem-768x281.png 768w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Akustikkoppler_Modem.png 1691w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Po vyto\u010den\u00ed internetov\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla akustick\u00e1 spojka zachytila akustick\u00fd sign\u00e1l vzdialenej stanice cez reproduktor telef\u00f3nneho prij\u00edma\u010da pomocou zabudovan\u00e9ho mikrof\u00f3nu a n\u00e1sledne odoslala sp\u00e4\u0165 t\u00f3nov\u00e9 sekvencie cez reproduktor zabudovan\u00fd v akustickej spojke a mikrof\u00f3n v telef\u00f3nnom prij\u00edma\u010di. \u00dadaje sa teda konvertovali na akustick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly a pren\u00e1\u0161ali sa. Po\u010das tohto procesu sa linka nemohla pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 na telefonovanie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Modem (<strong>Mo<\/strong>dulator-<strong>Str\u00e1nka<\/strong>odul\u00e1tor) bol pripojen\u00fd k dvom link\u00e1m telef\u00f3nneho k\u00e1bla cez vhodn\u00fa z\u00e1str\u010dku do telef\u00f3nnej z\u00e1suvky a takto komunikoval priamo so vzdialenou stanicou s\u010d\u00edtan\u00edm a modul\u00e1ciou \u00fadajov nosnej frekvencie a od\u010d\u00edtan\u00edm a demodul\u00e1ciou prich\u00e1dzaj\u00facich \u00fadajov z nosnej frekvencie. Toto sa tie\u017e vykon\u00e1valo viac ako desa\u0165n\u00e1sobnou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou, a\u017e do 56 000 bitov\/s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Postupom \u010dasu sa modemov\u00e1 technol\u00f3gia stala v\u00fdkonnej\u0161ou a chu\u0165 spotrebite\u013eov po d\u00e1tach r\u00e1stla. Kedysi sa webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky skladali z blokovej grafiky a textu, dnes sa skladaj\u00fa z obr\u00e1zkov, vide\u00ed a textu. V d\u00f4sledku toho vzr\u00e1stol dopyt po \u0161\u00edrke p\u00e1sma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Festnetz-Technologien\"><\/span>Technol\u00f3gie pevnej siete<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ISDN\"><\/span>ISDN<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>ISDN<\/em> (Integrated Services Digital Network) umo\u017enila prepoji\u0165 obe linky a zdvojn\u00e1sobi\u0165 tak r\u00fdchlos\u0165 prenosu d\u00e1t 2 x 64 000 bit\/s pomocou dvoch samostatn\u00fdch telef\u00f3nnych liniek a telef\u00f3nnych \u010d\u00edsel. Ak v\u00e1m sta\u010dila jedna linka, mohli ste telefonova\u0165 cez druh\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"VDSL\"><\/span>(V)DSL<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u010eal\u0161ie zv\u00fd\u0161enie sa dosiahlo <em>DSL<\/em> (digit\u00e1lna \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edcka linka) a op\u00e4\u0165 <em>VDSL<\/em> (Very High Speed Digital Subscriber Line) dosahuje r\u00fdchlos\u0165 a\u017e 400 Mbit\/s (400 000 000 bitov\/s, \u010do zodpoved\u00e1 6250-kr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161ej r\u00fdchlosti ako kan\u00e1l ISDN).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kabel\"><\/span>K\u00e1ble<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00fabe\u017ene s vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00fdm v\u00fdvojom sa okolo roku 1980 stala popul\u00e1rnou k\u00e1blov\u00e1 telev\u00edzia, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017enila poskytova\u0165 rozhlasov\u00e9 a telev\u00edzne programy aj na pozemne nepohodln\u00fdch miestach pomocou tzv. <em>Koaxi\u00e1lny<\/em>-k\u00e1ble (stredov\u00fd, jedno\u017eilov\u00fd, polotuh\u00fd meden\u00fd vodi\u010d s okolit\u00fdmi tieniacimi f\u00f3liami a opleten\u00edm). Po tom, \u010do satelitn\u00e1 telev\u00edzia zatla\u010dila k\u00e1blov\u00fa telev\u00edziu do \u00fazadia, uvo\u013enili sa kapacity, ktor\u00e9 by sa v bud\u00facnosti mohli vyu\u017ei\u0165 na internetov\u00e9 pripojenie, a bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 realizova\u0165 dod\u00e1vky s r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou a\u017e 1 000 Mbit\/s (\u010do zodpoved\u00e1 1 Gbit\/s).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Glasfaser\"><\/span>Sklenen\u00e9 vl\u00e1kno<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Optick\u00e9 siete postupne nahr\u00e1dzaj\u00fa k\u00e1blov\u00e9 siete a v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti pon\u00fakaj\u00fa r\u00fdchlosti a\u017e 100 Gbit\/s. Zatia\u013e \u010do vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch uveden\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00e1ch sa na prenos pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa meden\u00e9 k\u00e1ble, v tomto pr\u00edpade sa svetlo pren\u00e1\u0161a prostredn\u00edctvom optick\u00fdch vl\u00e1kien - takmer r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou svetla. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e1 e\u0161te vy\u0161\u0161ia priepustnos\u0165 d\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Internet_unterwegs\"><\/span>Internet v pohybe<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"GSM_EDGE_UMTS_LTE_3G_4G_5G\"><\/span>GSM \/ EDGE \/ UMTS \/ LTE 3G, 4G, 5G<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mobiln\u00fd internet bol prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t dostupn\u00fd na prelome storo\u010d\u00ed po zaveden\u00ed GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications). <em>EDGE<\/em> (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution) s r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou 256 kbit\/s. Zv\u00fd\u0161enie prinieslo <em>UMTS<\/em> (univerz\u00e1lny mobiln\u00fd telekomunika\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m) <em>3G<\/em> s r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou 384 kbit\/s od roku 2007, po ktorej nasledovalo roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 <em>UMTS<\/em> \u0160tandard <em>HSPA<\/em> so 7,2 MBit\/s a <em>HSPA+<\/em> so 42 bit\/s. S technol\u00f3giou LTE (Long Term Evolution) 4G sa r\u00fdchlos\u0165 prenosu d\u00e1t zv\u00fd\u0161ila na neuverite\u013en\u00fdch 300 ... 1 000 MBit\/s, v <em>5G<\/em> Sie\u0165 s r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou a\u017e 1 500 MBit\/s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tieto pr\u00edstupov\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie s\u00fa v\u0161ak dostupn\u00e9 len vtedy, ak je k dispoz\u00edcii zodpovedaj\u00face pokrytie mobiln\u00fdmi telef\u00f3nmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"StarLink\"><\/span>StarLink<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">StarLink pon\u00faka pomoc v oblastiach so slab\u00fdm alebo \u017eiadnym pokryt\u00edm alebo na mori prostredn\u00edctvom v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti pribli\u017ene 4 000 satelitov vo v\u00fd\u0161ke 540 ... 570 km s r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou 150 ... 500 MBit\/s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jej satelity z\u00e1sobuj\u00fa internetom takmer v\u0161etky regi\u00f3ny sveta. Na pr\u00edjem s\u00fa v\u0161ak potrebn\u00e9 \u0161peci\u00e1lne ant\u00e9ny, ktor\u00e9 sa nastavuj\u00fa na najbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed dostupn\u00fd satelit a sleduj\u00fa sa automaticky. Ant\u00e9ny na pou\u017eitie vo vozidl\u00e1ch alebo na lodiach po\u010das cestovania s\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie a s\u00fa nasmerovan\u00e9 staticky na oblohu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u010cas \u010d\u00edtania<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 3<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">z\u00e1pisnice<\/span><\/span>DSL, k\u00e1bel, optick\u00e9 vl\u00e1kna, nie je to v\u0161etko k\u00e1bel? - Ned\u00e1vno sa ma jeden mil\u00fd priate\u013e sp\u00fdtal, \u010di si viem predstavi\u0165 obr\u00e1zok hory a vola? Takto sa c\u00edtil hne\u010f po tom, ako som mu odporu\u010dil, aby si namiesto DSL po\u017eiadal o k\u00e1blovku, aby mal v bud\u00facnosti pr\u00edstup na internet. K\u00e1bel - ak\u00fd je v tom rozdiel?&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/blog\/2023\/11\/30\/dsl-kabel-glasfaser-oder-was\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">\u010c\u00edta\u0165 viac \"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">DSL, k\u00e1bel, optick\u00e9 vl\u00e1kna - alebo \u010do?<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"[\"title\",\"meta\",\"thumbnail\",\"content\",\"tags\",\"comments\"]","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2039,345],"tags":[2703,2704,1702,2708,1604,2702,2705,2700,1549,2707,1366,2710,2706,725,2709,2711,2699,2701],"class_list":["post-5777","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-internet","category-kommunikation-lte","tag-3g","tag-4g","tag-5g","tag-akustikkoppler","tag-dsl","tag-edge","tag-glasfaser","tag-gprs","tag-gsm","tag-isdn","tag-kabel","tag-kabelfernsehen","tag-kupferkabel","tag-lte","tag-modem","tag-starlink","tag-umts","tag-vdsl"],"modified_by":"Achim Goerner","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5777","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5777"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5777\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5777"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5777"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5777"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}