{"id":10071,"date":"2025-06-17T10:30:00","date_gmt":"2025-06-17T10:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/?p=10071"},"modified":"2025-06-18T15:46:20","modified_gmt":"2025-06-18T15:46:20","slug":"zakaj-potrebujete-releje","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/blog\/2025\/06\/17\/wozu-braucht-man-relais\/","title":{"rendered":"Zakaj potrebujete releje?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Vsebina<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/blog\/2025\/06\/17\/wozu-braucht-man-relais\/#Kabelquerschnitt\" >Prerez kabla<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/blog\/2025\/06\/17\/wozu-braucht-man-relais\/#Relais-Arten\" >Vrste relejev<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/blog\/2025\/06\/17\/wozu-braucht-man-relais\/#Schlieser-_Offner\" >Normalno odprt \/ normalno zaprt stik<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/blog\/2025\/06\/17\/wozu-braucht-man-relais\/#Wechsler\" >Changer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/blog\/2025\/06\/17\/wozu-braucht-man-relais\/#Sonderrelais\" >Posebni rele<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/blog\/2025\/06\/17\/wozu-braucht-man-relais\/#Praxis-Beispiel\" >Prakti\u010dni primer<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u010cas branja<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minute<\/span><\/span>\n<p>Releji se uporabljajo za preklapljanje porabnikov (bremen) ve\u010dje mo\u010di (W - Watt - <em>P<\/em>), kot to dopu\u0161\u010da stikalni kontakt stikala ali pre\u010dni prerez kabla na stikalu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vsakdo pozna ritmi\u010dno klikanje releja indikatorja v svojem avtomobilu. Vgrajeni elektronski sistem zagotavlja zakonsko predpisan interval utripanja ter vklaplja in izklaplja rele. Kontrolne lu\u010di, ki so priklju\u010dene na rele in se napajajo z napetostjo prek releja, utripajo z enako hitrostjo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Indikatorji ne potrebujejo veliko energije, saj ne pretakajo visokih tokov, vendar pa je pri pogonskih svetilkah povsem druga\u010dna zgodba!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kabelquerschnitt\"><\/span>Prerez kabla<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Navsezadnje tudi manj\u0161e <a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/elektricna-napeljava-v-avtodomu-ni-carovnija\/#Kabelquerschnitt\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"6364\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Prerezi kablov<\/a> (tu se lahko dolo\u010dijo preseki kablov v obmo\u010dju enosmerne napetosti) med stikalom in relejem, kar zmanj\u0161uje stro\u0161ke in koristi ve\u010djim presekom od releja do bremena. Ti kabli so lahko kratki, kar posledi\u010dno ohranja nizke stro\u0161ke in padce napetosti na kabelski poti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010ce so kabli pretanki za potrebno mo\u010d, se segrejejo in lahko postanejo grelna \u017eica. Tanki kabli imajo visoko ohmsko upornost (\u03a9 (Ohm) upor - <em>R<\/em>), zaradi \u010desar je na koncu manj napetosti kot na za\u010detku.<br>En kabelski kolut s 50 m kabla s presekom 3 x 1,5 mm<sup>2<\/sup> napaja breme s 16 amperi (A - jakost toka <em>I<\/em>) je \u0161e vedno le 210 voltov (V - napetost - <em>U<\/em>). \u010ce uporabljate kabel s 3x 2,5 mm namesto<sup>2<\/sup>\u0161e vedno imate napetost 221 V.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S to te\u017eavo se pogosto sre\u010dujejo kampisti, ki s seboj nosijo dolge kabelske kolute in se pozneje prito\u017eujejo zaradi velike porabe energije ali odzivanja odklopnikov, medtem ko je doma vse delovalo odli\u010dno - s kratkim kablom ...!<br>To je zato, ker breme porablja ve\u010d toka, \u010de dobi premajhno napetost za zagotavljanje svoje mo\u010di. Zato je poraba energije ve\u010dja, kadar je napetost ni\u017eja od \"normalne\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pri tem se lahko uporabljajo kabli s presekom v obmo\u010dju izmeni\u010dne napetosti - AC <a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/kaj-storiti-v-primeru-izpada-elektricne-energije\/#Kabelquerschnitt_AC\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"1418\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Tabela<\/a> se izra\u010duna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Relais-Arten\"><\/span>Vrste relejev<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V konstrukciji vozil se obi\u010dajno uporabljajo releji, ki delujejo z 12 ali 24 V enosmerne napetosti (DC) in lahko preklapljajo obremenitve do pribli\u017eno 30 A. Mo\u010dnostni releji lahko prenesejo tudi do 400 A.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Priklju\u010dki tuljav releja so ozna\u010deni z oznakama 85 in 86. Pri relejih z vgrajeno diodo za du\u0161enje iskrenja je \u0161tevilka 86 ozna\u010dena kot plus. Releji brez diode za du\u0161enje isker so lahko priklju\u010deni s katero koli polariteto, vendar se je izkazalo, da je dobro izbrati polariteto, kot da bi bila vgrajena dioda za du\u0161enje isker (v elektroniki se to imenuje <em>dioda za prosti tek<\/em>). Na ta na\u010din lahko v isti vti\u010dnici uporabljate rele katere koli konfiguracije, ne da bi se zaradi napa\u010dne polarnosti po\u0161kodoval. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Schlieser-_Offner\"><\/span>Normalno odprt \/ normalno zaprt stik<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Releji za vklop bremena imajo stik NO ali stik NC za izklop bremena. Kontakt normalno odprtega releja je torej odprt v stanju brez napetosti in se zapre takoj, ko rele dobi napetost. Kontakt NC deluje v obratni smeri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Preklopna kontakta sta ozna\u010dena z oznakama 30 (plus) in 87 (porabnik).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"587\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-5-587x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10072\" style=\"width:159px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-5-587x1024.png 587w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-5-172x300.png 172w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-5-7x12.png 7w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-5.png 659w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 587px) 100vw, 587px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Dioda za du\u0161enje iskrenja pod tuljavo releja ima nalogo, da absorbira in kompenzira napetostne konice ve\u010d sto voltov, ki se pojavijo v tuljavi, ko je napajanje releja izklopljeno.<br>\u010ceprav ve\u010dina relejev, ki se uporabljajo v avtomobilski tehniki, nima vgrajenega tak\u0161nega za\u0161\u010ditnega vezja, ker so tuljave relejev precej \"robustne\", je pametnej\u0161a odlo\u010ditev, da uporabite releje z vgrajeno diodo za prepre\u010devanje iskrenja, \u010de je to mogo\u010de!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Wechsler\"><\/span>Changer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Preklopni rele omogo\u010da preklop dveh bremen, zato ima tri preklopne kontakte in s tem tudi tri priklju\u010dke, 30 (pozitivni), 87 (NO) in 87a (NC).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"504\" height=\"954\" src=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-6.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10073\" style=\"width:161px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-6.png 504w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-6-158x300.png 158w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-6-6x12.png 6w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 504px) 100vw, 504px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sonderrelais\"><\/span>Posebni rele<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ti vklju\u010dujejo bliskovne releje ali releje s \u010dasovnim stikalom z vgrajeno elektroniko.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Praxis-Beispiel\"><\/span>Prakti\u010dni primer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Cilj je, da bi lahko s stikalno plo\u0161\u010do centralno vklapljali in izklapljali ve\u010d bremen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trgovci na drobno ponujajo \u0161iroko paleto izdelkov, ki jim je skupno to, da so kabli zelo tanki in namenjeni le majhnim tokovom. Ne pozabimo: baker je drag...<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"570\" height=\"299\" src=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10075\" style=\"width:466px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-8.png 570w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-8-300x157.png 300w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-8-18x9.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 570px) 100vw, 570px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Kar se za\u010dne z majhno lu\u010dko LED, se hitreje, kot je bilo pri\u010dakovano, razvije v celoten sistem razsvetljave. S tem se pove\u010dajo tudi potrebe po elektri\u010dni energiji in s tem po mo\u010di, ki jo je treba preklopiti. Primer za uporabo releja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>O\u017ei\u010denje teh stikal je obi\u010dajno premostitveno: vsi pozitivni in negativni poli so povezani med seboj. Obremenitev, priklju\u010dena prek zadnjega stikala, \u010drpa tok prek vseh prej\u0161njih mosti\u010dkov. To pomeni, da vsota tokov vseh priklju\u010denih bremen ne sme presegati zmogljivosti napajalnega voda.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"395\" src=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-16-1024x395.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10085\" style=\"width:513px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-16-1024x395.png 1024w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-16-300x116.png 300w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-16-768x296.png 768w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-16-18x7.png 18w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-16.png 1126w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>12 V 20 A, ki jih obi\u010dajno navaja proizvajalec, se dejansko nana\u0161ajo le na standardno dol\u017eino kabla nekaj centimetrov. \u010ce je vklju\u010den samo en meter napajalnega kabla, je dovoljeni tok samo 2 A, kar je desetina!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zato je uporaba preklopnih relejev (normalno odprti kontakti) ve\u010d kot priporo\u010dljiva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Brezpla\u010dni kontakt z oznako \"V\" vodi do priklju\u010dka 86 releja, \u017eica z oznako \"-\" pa je priklju\u010dena na sponko 85.<br>Odjemnik \u010drpa ozemljitev (minus) neposredno iz akumulatorja (ali ozemljitvenega priklju\u010dka vozila), plus pa prejema prek preklopnega releja 87.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"857\" src=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-14-1024x857.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10083\" style=\"width:517px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-14-1024x857.png 1024w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-14-300x251.png 300w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-14-768x643.png 768w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-14-1536x1286.png 1536w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-14-14x12.png 14w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-14.png 2034w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u010ce se spro\u017ei povezano stikalo, rele prejme pozitivni signal na kontaktu 86, se od njega odklopi in prek svojega kontakta (30 - pozitivni signal) preklopi na nasprotni kontakt 87, pri \u010demer tudi breme prejme pozitivni signal in se zato vklopi. Takoj ko se stikalo ponovno izklopi, rele odpade in prekine napajanje bremena.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u010cas branja<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minute<\/span><\/span>Releji se uporabljajo za preklapljanje bremen z ve\u010djo mo\u010djo (W - Watt - P), kot bi jo omogo\u010dal stikalni kontakt stikala ali prerez kabla na stikalu. Vsakdo pozna ritmi\u010dno klikanje releja indikatorja v avtomobilu. Vgrajen elektronski sistem zagotavlja zakonsko predpisan interval utripanja ter vklaplja in izklaplja rele. V istem ciklu...&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/blog\/2025\/06\/17\/wozu-braucht-man-relais\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Preberi ve\u010d \"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Zakaj potrebujete releje?<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2588,5081],"tags":[2382,2384,5084,5085,5087,2881,4474,5090,5089,1432,1060,5092,5088,5093,5082,2882,5097,1280,5083,5095,1062,981,448,459,446,642,444,466,1415,1378,5094,5091,5096],"class_list":["post-10071","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kfz-technik","category-relais-technik","tag-12v","tag-24v","tag-5084","tag-5085","tag-5087","tag-ampere","tag-blinker-relais","tag-freilaufdiode","tag-funkenloeschdiode","tag-gleichspannung","tag-kabelquerschnitt","tag-kabelrolle","tag-last","tag-leistungsrelais","tag-oeffner","tag-ohm","tag-polung","tag-relais","tag-schliesser","tag-schutzschaltung","tag-sicherung","tag-sicherungsautomat","tag-spannung","tag-spannungsabfall","tag-strom","tag-stromstaerke","tag-stromverbrauch","tag-verbraucher","tag-volt","tag-watt","tag-wechsler","tag-widerstand","tag-zeitrelais"],"modified_by":"Achim Goerner","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10071","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10071"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10071\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10071"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10071"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10071"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}