{"id":1912,"date":"2022-06-22T10:30:34","date_gmt":"2022-06-22T10:30:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/?p=1912"},"modified":"2025-10-24T18:05:27","modified_gmt":"2025-10-24T18:05:27","slug":"sterilizacija-vode-uv-c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/blog\/2022\/06\/22\/wasser-entkeimung-uv-c\/","title":{"rendered":"Sterilizacija vode z UV-C"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_87_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Vsebina<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/blog\/2022\/06\/22\/wasser-entkeimung-uv-c\/#Studien\" >\u0160tudije<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/blog\/2022\/06\/22\/wasser-entkeimung-uv-c\/#Die_Theorie_%E2%80%A6\" >Teorija ...<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/blog\/2022\/06\/22\/wasser-entkeimung-uv-c\/#Strahlungs-Dosis\" >Doza sevanja<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/blog\/2022\/06\/22\/wasser-entkeimung-uv-c\/#%E2%80%A6_und_die_Praxis\" >... in praksa<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/blog\/2022\/06\/22\/wasser-entkeimung-uv-c\/#Wahl_des_Einbauortes\" >Izbira lokacije namestitve<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/blog\/2022\/06\/22\/wasser-entkeimung-uv-c\/#Besonderheit_Druckpumpe\" >Tla\u010dna \u010drpalka s posebno funkcijo<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u010cas branja<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 3<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minute<\/span><\/span>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sterilizacijo vode je mogo\u010de izvesti na razli\u010dne na\u010dine. Najvarnej\u0161a in najpreprostej\u0161a re\u0161itev je obsevanje z UV-C (valovna dol\u017eina 200 ... 280 nm). Ta metoda se uporablja v laboratorijih, klinikah, industriji, akvarijih in gospodinjstvih. Mikroorganizmi, kot so bakterije, virusi, kvasovke in glive, so uni\u010deni 99,9 % pri ustreznem pretoku na \u010dasovno enoto in intenzivnosti obsevanja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Studien\"><\/span>\u0160tudije<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Med strokovnjaki za vodo se ob\u010dasno pojavljajo dvomljive razprave o inaktivaciji virusov z UV-C. Argument je, da so virusi manj\u0161i od bakterij in jih UV-C ne bi inaktiviral.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Spletna stran <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0043135424012211?via%3Dihub#bib0050\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Razmere v \u0161tudiji<\/a> Vendar to potrjuje inaktivacijo tudi virusov, ki je seveda vedno odvisna od hitrosti odmerjanja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Die_Theorie_%E2%80%A6\"><\/span>Teorija ...<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vendar pa sterilizacija ni sinonim za <a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/obratna-osmoza\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"2131\">Filtriranje<\/a>. Onesna\u017eujo\u010de delce odstranijo le ustrezni filtri! Onesna\u017eena voda prav tako zmanj\u0161uje prepustnost UV-C in s tem u\u010dinkovitost sevanja UV-C.<br>Na primer, ultra\u010dista voda na razdalji 1 cm od vira sevanja (kar ustreza 80 % 100-odstotne sevalne mo\u010di, po 17 mm \u0161e vedno 70 %) ima prepustnost 99 ... 100 %, pitna voda 85 ... 98 %, de\u017eevnica 75 ... 85 % in odpadna voda 50 ... 75 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Strahlungs-Dosis\"><\/span>Doza sevanja<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Doza sevanja se izra\u010duna iz \u010dasa (<em>t<\/em>), pomno\u017eeno z intenzivnostjo (<em>I<\/em>) \u017earnice UV-C in je izra\u017eena v mJ\/cm<sup>2<\/sup> izmerjeno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Odmerek, potreben za uni\u010denje mikroorganizmov, je npr. za<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\n<table id=\"tablepress-1\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Patogen<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Doza mJ\/cm2<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Clostridium tetani<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">4,90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Hepatitis A<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">11,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Infektivna nekroza trebu\u0161ne slinavke<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">60,00 *<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">11,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Legionella pneumophilla<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">2,04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Poliovirus<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">12,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">11,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Rotavirus<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">35,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-10\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">6,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-11\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Salmonella thyphi<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">14,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-12\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Salmonella thyphimurium<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">13,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-13\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Spore bac. subtilis<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">12,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-14\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">36,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-15\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Streptococcus faecalis<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">4,50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1 from cache --><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Specifikacije doz za naprave so praviloma podane v J\/m<sup>2<\/sup> ali mJ\/cm<sup>2<\/sup> navedeno. Nana\u0161ajo se na ustrezno hitrost pretoka glede na navedeno u\u010dinkovitost vsaj 90% uni\u010devanja bakterij in virusov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">*Vrednosti nad 40 mJ\/cm<sup>2<\/sup> zahtevajo uporabo druge enakovredne stopnje pri pretokih nad 4 ... 7 litrov\/min. zahtevajo uporabo druge enakovredne stopnje, da bi zanesljivo odkrili tudi te patogene, ob upo\u0161tevanju mo\u017ene fotoreaktivacije s fotolazami. Ti encimi lahko popravijo po\u0161kodbe celice na DNK, ki jih povzro\u010di svetloba UV-C. Da bi u\u010dinkovito prepre\u010dili ta u\u010dinek, je treba uporabiti odmerke pribli\u017eno 44 mJ\/cm<sup>2<\/sup>ali 440 J\/m<sup>2<\/sup> potrebno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Polovi\u010dni pretok povzro\u010di podvojitev odmerka, kar pove\u010da zmogljivost razku\u017eevanja za faktor 10. 90-odstotno razku\u017eevanje se nato pove\u010da na 99 %. \u010ce odmerek potrojimo, dose\u017eemo sterilizacijo 99,9 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To pomeni, da je zgoraj omenjena fotoreaktivacija pri polovi\u010dnem pretoku \u017ee upo\u0161tevana z eno enoto.<br>\u010ce nameravate sterilizirati zelo onesna\u017eeno vodo in potrebujete ve\u010dje hitrosti pretoka, vam svetujemo, da uporabite drugo in morda tretjo stopnjo.<br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6_und_die_Praxis\"><\/span>... in praksa<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tla\u010dne \u010drpalke, vgrajene v avtodome, npr. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.de\/Shurflo-Wasser-Camper-Liter-Armaturen\/dp\/B07DYS5XZJ\/ref=sr_1_1?__mk_de_DE=%C3%85M%C3%85%C5%BD%C3%95%C3%91&amp;crid=22S8P4PJDEWEW&amp;keywords=shurflo+2095-204-112&amp;qid=1655889462&amp;sprefix=shurflo+2095-204-112%2Caps%2C123&amp;sr=8-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Shurflo<\/a>, zagotavlja do 7 litrov\/min. Ena <a href=\"https:\/\/www.purion.de\/produkte\/purion-500\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Purway 500<\/a> UV-C dezinfekcijski sistem (12 ali 24 V DC) je primeren za do 400 litrov\/h pri 400 J\/m<sup>2<\/sup> in deluje pri valovni dol\u017eini 254 nm z UVT (<em>Prepustnost UV \u017earkov<\/em>) 90 %. Stopnja pretoka je 6,7 litra na minuto. Zaradi majhnih presekov cevi 10 ... 12 mm sistem Purway zagotavlja najve\u010d 1,1 litra\/min. To pomeni dozo 6 666,67 J\/m pri pretoku pribli\u017eno 60 litrov na uro.<sup>2<\/sup> in u\u010dinkovitost 99,999999999999 % (ustreza log12)!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sistem je priporo\u010dljivo namestiti s tako imenovano nadzorno enoto. Ta opozori, kdaj je dose\u017eena \u017eivljenjska doba svetilke, da se zagotovi stalno visoka zmogljivost sterilizacije.<br>Opozoriti je treba, da se hitrost doze svetilke s\u010dasoma zmanj\u0161a. Zato je treba ustrezno pove\u010dati skupno hitrost doze ali pa na\u010drtovati hitrej\u0161i interval zamenjave svetilke.<br>\u010ce ste kupili sistem brez nadzorne enote, lahko namestite tudi \u0161tevec delovnih ur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Priporo\u010dljivo je naro\u010diti tudi nadomestno \u017earnico UV-C. Ne toliko zaradi pri\u010dakovane \u017eivljenjske dobe, temve\u010d zato, ker je po Murphyjevem zakonu zelo verjetno, da bo pred\u010dasno odpovedala ob najslab\u0161em mo\u017enem \u010dasu, dale\u010d od dobavitelja ustreznega nadomestnega dela ...<br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Wahl_des_Einbauortes\"><\/span>Izbira lokacije namestitve<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V prhi ali kopalnici ne boste potrebovali vode brez mikrobov. Potrebovali pa jo boste v kuhinji. Zato je idealna cev za hladno vodo tik pred odjemnim mestom. Na zadnji steni omarice za pomivalno korito je obi\u010dajno dovolj prostora za vgradnjo 32 cm dolge UV enote v vodovodno cev.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Poleg dveh ustreznih \u0161ob z objemkami potrebujete tudi priklju\u010dek 12\/24 V DC. Tu vam pride prav vodna \u010drpalka. \u010ce se sesalna \u010drpalka aktivira prek vodne pipe, zadostuje dvo\u017eilni kabel, ki ga polo\u017eite vzdol\u017e vodnih cevi v smeri \u010drpalke in tam vzporedno pove\u017eete z njenim napajanjem.<br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Besonderheit_Druckpumpe\"><\/span>Tla\u010dna \u010drpalka s posebno funkcijo<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pri ob\u010dasno delujo\u010dih tla\u010dnih \u010drpalkah je treba vzporedno namestiti zakasnitveni tokokrog, ki prevzame napajanje sistema za sterilizacijo, tako da ostane vklopljen za nastavljiv \u010das tudi po izklopu tla\u010dne \u010drpalke in nadaljevanju \u010drpanja vode.<br><br>To dose\u017eemo z <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.de\/dp\/B07W6NLTYT\/ref=pe_27091401_487024491_TE_item\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Nadzorna elektronika<\/a>ki odlo\u017ei izklop napajalne napetosti za sterilizacijski sistem za nastavljivo \u010dasovno obdobje.<br>Priklju\u010den je neposredno na vgrajeno napetost 12 ali 24 V. Na signalnem vhodu je kabel vzporedno povezan z izhodno plus \u017eico tla\u010dnega stikala tla\u010dne \u010drpalke. Ko se \u010drpalka za\u017eene, aktivirana pozitivna raven, ki vklopi tla\u010dno \u010drpalko, spro\u017ei \u010das zakasnitve in ohranja dezinfekcijski sistem vklopljen za nastavljeno \u010dasovno obdobje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:34px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">p.s. \u010ce potrebujete osebno podporo pri realizaciji proti pla\u010dilu, vam lahko po\u0161ljete&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/svetovalna-storitev\/\">Rezervacija<\/a>&nbsp;naredite!<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br><br><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u010cas branja<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 3<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minute<\/span><\/span>Sterilizacijo vode je mogo\u010de izvesti na razli\u010dne na\u010dine. Najvarnej\u0161a in najpreprostej\u0161a re\u0161itev je obsevanje z UV-C (valovna dol\u017eina 200 ... 280 nm). Ta metoda se uporablja v laboratorijih, klinikah, industriji, akvarijih in gospodinjstvih. Mikroorganizmi, kot so bakterije, virusi, kvasovke in glive, so uni\u010deni 99,9 % pri ustreznem pretoku na \u010dasovno enoto in intenzivnosti obsevanja. \u0160tudije pod...&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/blog\/2022\/06\/22\/wasser-entkeimung-uv-c\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Preberi ve\u010d \"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Sterilizacija vode z UV-C<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[340,338],"tags":[680,691,684,687,618,591,688,693,679,696,694,697,695,686,698,689,690,699,685,683,682,681,677,678,676,692],"class_list":["post-1912","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-wasser-entkeimung-mittels-uv-c","category-wasser-management","tag-bestrahlungsintensitaet","tag-dna","tag-dosis","tag-dosis-angaben","tag-druckpumpe","tag-durchflussmenge","tag-durchflussraten","tag-entkeimungs-kapazitaet","tag-filterung","tag-filterwechsel","tag-fliessgeschwindigkeit","tag-kalk","tag-lampenlebensdauer","tag-mikroorganismen","tag-pha","tag-photolyasen","tag-photoreaktivierung","tag-polyphosphat","tag-strahlungs-dosis","tag-strahlungsleistung","tag-strahlungsquelle","tag-transmission","tag-uv-c","tag-v-c-klaerer","tag-wasser-entkeimung","tag-zellschaden"],"modified_by":"Achim Goerner","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1912","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1912"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1912\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1912"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1912"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1912"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}