{"id":604,"date":"2021-08-22T01:23:19","date_gmt":"2021-08-22T01:23:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/?p=604"},"modified":"2023-01-21T16:44:31","modified_gmt":"2023-01-21T16:44:31","slug":"osnove-interneta-za-manekene","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/blog\/2021\/08\/22\/internet-grundlagen-fuer-dummies\/","title":{"rendered":"Osnove interneta za manekene"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Vsebina<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/blog\/2021\/08\/22\/internet-grundlagen-fuer-dummies\/#DNS\" >DNS<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/blog\/2021\/08\/22\/internet-grundlagen-fuer-dummies\/#Der_Weg_zum_Ziel\" >Pot do cilja<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u010cas branja<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 2<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minute<\/span><\/span>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Osnove za razumevanje interneta - igrajmo se neumne ... - Kdor si je ogledal film Feuerzangenbowle s Heinzem R\u00fchmannom, bo poznal ta rek o delovanju parnega stroja, o katerem je govora v filmu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kdor ga ne pozna, je vsaj sli\u0161al za Google, ki je verjetno eden najpogosteje uporabljenih iskalnikov na internetu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Toda kako je mogo\u010de, da \u010de <em>google.com<\/em> pristane tudi na tem iskalniku?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Primerjava s starim dobrim telefonskim imenikom je resda zavajajo\u010da, vendar predstavlja dobro podlago:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u010ce ste v preteklosti \u017eeleli poiskati telefonsko \u0161tevilko osebe, ki ste jo poznali, ste potrebovali vsaj njeno ime in kraj, v katerem je \u017eivela. Nato ste potrebovali telefonski imenik tega mesta, v katerem ste poiskali ime. Ta je vseboval \u0161tevilko podro\u010dne kode, ki ste jo morali dodati telefonski \u0161tevilki. \u010ce se je znanec imenoval tudi M\u00fcller, je bilo v pomo\u010d tudi ime. \u010ce je bilo to tudi splo\u0161no ime, je bilo poznavanje ulice edini na\u010din, da ste na\u0161li \"M\u00fcllerja\" in poiskali njegovo telefonsko \u0161tevilko. In \u010de je \u017eivel v skupnem stanovanju, je bil pomemben tudi predal\u010dnik, seveda pod pogojem, da je oseba, ki ste jo iskali, \u017eivela v Nem\u010diji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V internetu so koda dr\u017eave, krajevna koda in telefonska \u0161tevilka, kot je na primer raz\u0161irjeno izbiranje, prikazani kot tako imenovani naslovi IP (internetni protokol). Vse \u0161tiri komponente \u0161tevilke, ki so med seboj lo\u010dene s piko, imajo lahko vrednosti od 001 do ... 255. Google.de ima na primer naslov 008.008.008.008.008.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ta naslov ustreza standardu IPv4 in ponuja naslovni prostor s 4 milijardami naslovov. Standard IPv6, ki se trenutno \u0161e vedno uporablja vzporedno, omogo\u010da naslovni prostor z nekaj manj kot enim sestilijonom naslovov (3,4 x 10<sup>38<\/sup>).<br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"DNS\"><\/span>DNS<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dvanajstmestna zaporedja \u0161tevil si v primerjavi z imeni ne zapomnite najbolje. Zato je v internetu na voljo nekak\u0161na telefonska imeni\u0161ka slu\u017eba, DNS (Domain Name Server). Ti uporabljajo vnos imena <em>Google.com<\/em> v zgoraj navedenem zaporedju \u0161tevilk 008.008.008.008.008 ali 8.8.8.8.8.8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Oglejmo si pot iskalne poizvedbe, ki jo opravi nekdo v mestu Cuxhaven <em>Google.com<\/em> v naslovni vrstici brskalnika v ra\u010dunalniku. Ukaz <em>traceroute<\/em> (sledite poti) v operacijskem sistemu Mac OS, <em>tracert<\/em> v operacijskem sistemu Windows.<br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Der_Weg_zum_Ziel\"><\/span>Pot do cilja<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>traceroute 8.8.8.8.8<\/em> ali <em>traceroute google.com<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ra\u010dunalnik 192.168.1.16 prek WLAN -&gt; usmerjevalnik (notranji DNS; npr. AVM FritzBox) - 192.168.1.1 - 1,068 ms<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Usmerjevalnik -&gt; D - Kassel - 88.134.189.230 - 12.891 ms<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-&gt; D - Kassel - 88.134.192.186 - 13.906 ms<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-&gt; D - Darmstadt - 145.254.3.62 - 17.076 ms<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-&gt; D - Darmstadt - 145.254.2.215 - 17.146 ms<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-&gt; ZDA - Kalifornija - Mountain View - 72.14.194.138 - 15.443 ms<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-&gt; ZDA - KS - KansasCity - 8.8.8.8.8 - 18.787 ms<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u010cas, ki je potreben za to potovanje \u010dez polovico sveta, pri \u010demer je vklju\u010denih \u0161est podatkovnih centrov, je skupaj 86,37 ms - kar je precej hiter odziv.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u010cas branja<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 2<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minute<\/span><\/span>Osnove za razumevanje interneta - igrajmo se neumne ... - Kdor je gledal film Feuerzangenbowle s Heinzem R\u00fchmannom, pozna ta rek o delovanju parnega stroja. Kdor ga ne pozna, je vsaj sli\u0161al za Google, ki je danes verjetno eden najpogosteje uporabljenih iskalnikov na internetu....&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/blog\/2021\/08\/22\/internet-grundlagen-fuer-dummies\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Preberi ve\u010d \"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Osnove interneta za manekene<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[360,364],"tags":[1051,1049,1048,576,1050,1052],"class_list":["post-604","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-haus-und-garten","category-internet-grundlagen-fuer-dummies","tag-dns","tag-grundlagen","tag-internet","tag-ip","tag-ipv6","tag-traceroute"],"modified_by":"Achim Goerner","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/604","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=604"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/604\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=604"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=604"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=604"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}