{"id":6042,"date":"2024-01-07T20:01:57","date_gmt":"2024-01-07T20:01:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/?p=6042"},"modified":"2024-01-10T20:06:50","modified_gmt":"2024-01-10T20:06:50","slug":"kako-uporabljati-multimeter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/blog\/2024\/01\/07\/how-to-multimeter\/","title":{"rendered":"Kako - Multimeter"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Vsebina<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/blog\/2024\/01\/07\/how-to-multimeter\/#Beispiele_aus_der_Praxis\" >Primeri iz prakse<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/blog\/2024\/01\/07\/how-to-multimeter\/#Sicherung_prufen\" >Preverite varovalko<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/blog\/2024\/01\/07\/how-to-multimeter\/#Leitungen_zuordnen\" >Dodelitev linij<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/blog\/2024\/01\/07\/how-to-multimeter\/#Spannung_messen\" >Merjenje napetosti<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/blog\/2024\/01\/07\/how-to-multimeter\/#Strom_messen\" >Merjenje toka<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/blog\/2024\/01\/07\/how-to-multimeter\/#Zangen-Multimeter\" >Kle\u0161\u010dni multimeter<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u010cas branja<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minute<\/span><\/span>\n<p>Multimeter je univerzalna elektronska merilna naprava za merjenje napetosti, toka, kontinuitete, diod, tranzistorjev in celo kapacitivnosti, frekvence, temperature itd.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Multimeter.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6081\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Multimeter.png 400w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Multimeter-9x12.png 9w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Multimeter-225x300.png 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Multimeter<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Funkcije, ki se obi\u010dajno uporabljajo, so meritve kontinuitete, napetosti in toka, ki so pojasnjene v nadaljevanju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Seveda so razlike v kakovosti precej\u0161nje, cene pa se gibljejo od pribli\u017eno 20 evrov do \u0161tirimestnega razpona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010ce vam je ljub\u0161i izdelek blagovne znamke, je cena tukaj prikazanega multimetra pribli\u017eno 300 evrov. <em>Voltcraft VC-891<\/em>ali 200 evrov za <em>Voltcraft<\/em> Kle\u0161\u010dni multimeter <em>VC-750E<\/em>. Na voljo so tudi enaki izdelki po ustrezno vi\u0161jih cenah, vklju\u010dno s certifikatom o kalibraciji, ki za tukaj omenjene namene zagotovo ni potreben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>FLUKE je \u0161e en dobro poznan proizvajalec profesionalne merilne tehnologije, ki je preizku\u0161ena \u017ee desetletja. Zato so njihove cene vsaj dvakrat vi\u0161je.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010ce pa potrebujete le \"ocenjevalni\" likalnik \"za spremembo\", vam bodo dobro slu\u017eile naprave, ki stanejo od pribli\u017eno 40 do 90 evrov. \u010ce se vam bo kdaj odpovedal, po mo\u017enosti tik pred iztekom garancijskega roka, je zamenjava namesto popravila verjetno najpogostej\u0161a mo\u017enost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Beispiele_aus_der_Praxis\"><\/span>Primeri iz prakse<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sicherung_prufen\"><\/span>Preverite varovalko<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Na prvi pogled lahko ugotovite, ali so nekatere varovalke okvarjene ali ne, medtem ko so druge videti v redu. Meritev kontinuitete zagotavlja gotovost.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"74\" src=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Durchgang_Symbol.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6050\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Durchgang_Symbol.png 150w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Durchgang_Symbol-18x9.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u010ce \u017eelite preveriti, ali je varovalka cela, vklopite merilnik in izberite nastavitev glede na simbol, podoben zgoraj prikazanemu. \u010ce se kovinski konec \u010drne merilne konice dotaknete s kovinskim koncem rde\u010de merilne konice, se oglasi zvo\u010dni signal, na digitalnem zaslonu pa se prika\u017ee \"0,0000\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Merilna naprava se odzove tudi, \u010de je varovalka nepo\u0161kodovana. \u010ce se zvo\u010dni signal ne oglasi in se na zaslonu prika\u017ee \"1.0000\", varovalka nima kontinuitete in je okvarjena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Znak (\u03a9 = <em>Ohm<\/em>) pomeni enoto SI za elektri\u010dno upornost po nem\u0161kem fiziku <em>Georg Simon Ohm<\/em> (* 16.03.1789 - \u2020 06.07.1854).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Leitungen_zuordnen\"><\/span>Dodelitev linij<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Zgornja funkcija omogo\u010da tudi dodelitev kablov, ki jih ni mogo\u010de vizualno izslediti. Na primer kabli v kabelskih snopi\u010dih, ki so polo\u017eeni za oblogami, pohi\u0161tvom ali kabelskimi kanali in niso ozna\u010deni za identifikacijo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pri tem je ena merilna konica povezana z zadevnim kablom prek \"podalj\u0161ka\". Druga merilna konica se uporablja za skeniranje enega kabla za drugim. Ko se najde ustrezni konec, se oglasi zvo\u010dni signal, na zaslonu pa se prika\u017ee \"0,0000\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Spannung_messen\"><\/span>Merjenje napetosti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ne glede na to, ali gre za baterijo ali vti\u010dnico, je treba v obeh primerih izmeriti \"napetost\", bodisi enosmerno napetost (DC - <em>enosmerni tok <\/em>(enosmerni tok) ali izmeni\u010dna napetost (AC - <em>izmeni\u010dni tok<\/em> (izmeni\u010dni tok)), ki je namenjen napajanju priklju\u010denih naprav.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"543\" height=\"267\" src=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/ACDC.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6056\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/ACDC.png 543w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/ACDC-18x9.png 18w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/ACDC-300x148.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 543px) 100vw, 543px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Krivulja napetosti AC \/ DC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Napetost izmeni\u010dnega toka se spreminja med + 230 in - 230 voltov v skladu s frekvenco omre\u017eja (50\/60 Hz = nihanja na sekundo), medtem ko je enosmerna napetost, v tem primeru + 24 V, vedno \u010dasovno konstantna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Preskusne sonde in vti\u010dnice merilnih naprav so obi\u010dajno obarvane \u010drno (-) in rde\u010de (+). Pri merjenju napetosti baterije je rde\u010da (V) priklju\u010dena na pozitivno, \u010drna (COM) pa na negativno sponko.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"433\" height=\"277\" src=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Terminals_Messgeraet.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6058\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Terminals_Messgeraet.png 433w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Terminals_Messgeraet-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Terminals_Messgeraet-300x192.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 433px) 100vw, 433px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Priklju\u010dne sponke za ozemljitev (-) in plus (+) <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Ko je izbirno stikalo nastavljeno na DC V(olt), se na zaslonu prika\u017ee \"13,242 V\", na primer za 12V baterijo. \u010ce zamenjate obe merilni konici, se prikaz spremeni na \"- 13,242 V\".<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"266\" height=\"193\" src=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Messung_Spannung.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6077\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Messung_Spannung.png 266w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Messung_Spannung-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 266px) 100vw, 266px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Shema vezja Merilna ureditev (napetost)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Enota SI <em>Volt<\/em> pomeni elektri\u010dno napetost, poimenovano po italijanskem fiziku Alessandru Giuseppeju Antoniu Anastasiu Volti (* 18.02.1745 - \u2020 05.03.1827), med drugim izumitelju baterije.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Strom_messen\"><\/span>Merjenje toka<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ko se baterija izprazni hitreje, kot bi si \u017eeleli, in domnevno niste vklopili skoraj nobenega bremena, se pogosto pojavi vpra\u0161anje: kaj porablja koliko energije?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f9500f8ea1f6c2b37b4194095973e233\" style=\"color:#ff0000\">Pri vseh meritvah toka z multimetrom je treba upo\u0161tevati najve\u010djo nosilnost toka v skladu s podatkovnim listom!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z nastavitvijo izbirnega stikala merilne naprave na DC A(mp\u00e8re) in priklju\u010ditvijo \u010drnega preskusnega kabla na COM ter rde\u010dega kabla na rde\u010do vti\u010dnico z oznako \"A\" lahko izmerite pretok toka v enosmernem vodu.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"138\" height=\"251\" src=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/A_Buchse.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6068\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/A_Buchse.png 138w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/A_Buchse-7x12.png 7w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 138px) 100vw, 138px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Priklju\u010dna sponka za merjenje toka (A)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>To storite tako, da kabel odklopite na dostopnem priklju\u010dku (npr. za varovalko akumulatorja, ki jo je treba pred meritvijo odstraniti!) in rde\u010di pozitivni kabel priklju\u010dite na zdaj odprt izhod varovalke, \u010drni negativni kabel pa na odvija\u010den konec kabla. Ko vstavite varovalko, merilnik prika\u017ee tok, ki te\u010de.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"266\" height=\"193\" src=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Strom_Messung_rot.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6073\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Strom_Messung_rot.png 266w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Strom_Messung_rot-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 266px) 100vw, 266px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Shema vezja Merilna ureditev (tok)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Zdaj lahko izklopite eno breme za drugim in opazujete razliko v izmerjenih vrednostih, ki predstavlja ustrezno potrebo po elektri\u010dni energiji. Po izklopu vseh - o\u010ditnih - bremen mora biti na zaslonu prikazana vrednost \"0,0000\". \u010ce pa je prikazana vrednost, ve\u010dja od ni\u010d, obstaja \u0161e ena obremenitev, ki \u0161e ni bila upo\u0161tevana ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Enota SI <em>Ampere<\/em> opisuje elektri\u010dni tok in izpeljano koli\u010dino magnetni tok, poimenovano po francoskem matematiku in fiziku Andr\u00e9-Marie Amp\u00e8ru<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zangen-Multimeter\"><\/span>Kle\u0161\u010dni multimeter<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Obstajajo tako imenovani kle\u0161\u010dni multimetri, s katerimi lahko izmerite tok v kablu tako, da ga postavite \u010dim bolj v sredi\u0161\u010de obmo\u010dja, ki ga zapirata obe ro\u010dici kle\u0161\u010d, in nato od\u010ditate vrednost.<br>Zato ni treba odklopiti kabla, kot pri zgoraj opisanem tipu multimetra.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Zangenmultimeter.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6080\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Zangenmultimeter.png 400w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Zangenmultimeter-9x12.png 9w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Zangenmultimeter-225x300.png 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Kle\u0161\u010dni multimeter<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Te naprave imajo obi\u010dajno enake funkcije kot multimetrski merilnik, ki je prikazan na za\u010detku. Ustrezni preskusni vodi so priklju\u010deni na spodnji konec kle\u0161\u010dnega multimetra.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u010cas branja<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minute<\/span><\/span>Kako - multimeter je univerzalna elektronska merilna naprava, ki se uporablja za merjenje napetosti, toka, zveznosti, diod, tranzistorjev in celo kapacitivnosti, frekvence, temperature itd. Funkcije, ki se obi\u010dajno uporabljajo, so merjenje zveznosti, napetosti in toka, ki so pojasnjene v nadaljevanju. Seveda obstajajo velike razlike v kakovosti, cene pa se gibljejo od pribli\u017eno 20 evrov do \u0161tirimestnega razpona....&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/blog\/2024\/01\/07\/how-to-multimeter\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Preberi ve\u010d \"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Kako - Multimeter<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1757,2878],"tags":[839,2890,2881,432,840,2611,2894,2886,1432,2884,2885,2892,2891,1674,2889,2882,2887,1062,448,2888,446,470,2898,2897,2896,2895,466,1415,2893,835,2883,2879,2880],"class_list":["post-6042","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-elektrotechnik","category-messtechnik","tag-ac","tag-akku","tag-ampere","tag-batterie","tag-dc","tag-durchgang","tag-fluke","tag-frequez","tag-gleichspannung","tag-gleichstrom","tag-kapazitaet","tag-messanordnung","tag-messspitze","tag-multimeter","tag-netzfrequenzhertz","tag-ohm","tag-schaltbild","tag-sicherung","tag-spannung","tag-spannungsverlauf","tag-strom","tag-temperatur","tag-vc-750e","tag-vc-891","tag-vc750e","tag-vc891","tag-verbraucher","tag-volt","tag-voltcraft","tag-wechselspannung","tag-wechselstrom","tag-zangen-multimeter","tag-zangenmultimeter"],"modified_by":"Achim Goerner","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6042","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6042"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6042\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6042"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6042"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6042"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}