{"id":10071,"date":"2025-06-17T10:30:00","date_gmt":"2025-06-17T10:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/?p=10071"},"modified":"2025-06-18T15:46:20","modified_gmt":"2025-06-18T15:46:20","slug":"varfoer-behoever-du-relaeer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/blog\/2025\/06\/17\/wozu-braucht-man-relais\/","title":{"rendered":"Varf\u00f6r beh\u00f6ver du rel\u00e4er?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Inneh\u00e5llsf\u00f6rteckning<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/blog\/2025\/06\/17\/wozu-braucht-man-relais\/#Kabelquerschnitt\" >Kabeltv\u00e4rsnitt<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/blog\/2025\/06\/17\/wozu-braucht-man-relais\/#Relais-Arten\" >Rel\u00e4er av olika typer<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/blog\/2025\/06\/17\/wozu-braucht-man-relais\/#Schlieser-_Offner\" >Normalt \u00f6ppen \/ Normalt st\u00e4ngd kontakt<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/blog\/2025\/06\/17\/wozu-braucht-man-relais\/#Wechsler\" >Bytare<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/blog\/2025\/06\/17\/wozu-braucht-man-relais\/#Sonderrelais\" >S\u00e4rskilt rel\u00e4<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/blog\/2025\/06\/17\/wozu-braucht-man-relais\/#Praxis-Beispiel\" >Praktiskt exempel<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">L\u00e4stid<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minuter<\/span><\/span>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rel\u00e4er anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r att v\u00e4xla f\u00f6rbrukare (belastningar) med h\u00f6gre effekt (W - Watt -) <em>P<\/em>) \u00e4n vad brytarens brytkontakt eller kabeltv\u00e4rsnittet vid brytaren till\u00e5ter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alla k\u00e4nner igen det rytmiska klickandet fr\u00e5n blinkersrel\u00e4et i sin bil. Ett integrerat elektroniskt system s\u00e4kerst\u00e4ller det lagstadgade blinkintervallet och sl\u00e5r p\u00e5 och av rel\u00e4et. De blinkerslampor som \u00e4r anslutna till rel\u00e4et och som f\u00f6rses med sp\u00e4nning via rel\u00e4et blinkar med samma hastighet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nu beh\u00f6ver indikatorer inte mycket str\u00f6m, de flyter inte h\u00f6ga str\u00f6mmar, men det \u00e4r en helt annan historia med drivlampor!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kabelquerschnitt\"><\/span>Kabeltv\u00e4rsnitt<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I slut\u00e4ndan kommer \u00e4ven mindre <a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/elinstallation-i-en-husbil-aer-inte-magiskt\/#Kabelquerschnitt\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"6364\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kabeltv\u00e4rsnitt<\/a> (h\u00e4r kan kabeltv\u00e4rsnitt i liksp\u00e4nningsomr\u00e5det best\u00e4mmas) mellan brytaren och rel\u00e4et, vilket minskar kostnaderna och gynnar de st\u00f6rre tv\u00e4rsnitten fr\u00e5n rel\u00e4et till lasten. Dessa kablar kan h\u00e5llas korta, vilket i sin tur h\u00e5ller kostnaderna och sp\u00e4nningsfallen p\u00e5 kabelv\u00e4gen l\u00e5ga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Om kablarna \u00e4r f\u00f6r tunna f\u00f6r den effekt som kr\u00e4vs v\u00e4rms de upp och kan bli en v\u00e4rmekabel. Tunna kablar har ett h\u00f6gt ohmskt motst\u00e5nd (\u03a9 (Ohm) motst\u00e5nd - <em>R<\/em>), vilket leder till mindre sp\u00e4nning i slutet \u00e4n i b\u00f6rjan.<br>En kabelrulle med 50 m och ett kabeltv\u00e4rsnitt p\u00e5 3 x 1,5 mm<sup>2<\/sup> f\u00f6rs\u00f6rjer en last med 16 ampere (A - str\u00f6mstyrka <em>jag<\/em>) \u00e4r fortfarande bara 210 volt (V - sp\u00e4nning <em>U<\/em>). Om du anv\u00e4nder en kabel med 3x 2,5 mm ist\u00e4llet f\u00f6r<sup>2<\/sup>\u00e4r du fortfarande p\u00e5 221 V.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Campare konfronteras ofta med detta problem, b\u00e4r med sig l\u00e5nga kabelrullar och klagar senare p\u00e5 den h\u00f6ga str\u00f6mf\u00f6rbrukningen eller reagerande kretsbrytare, medan allt fungerade perfekt hemma - med en kort kabel ...!<br>Detta beror p\u00e5 att en last drar mer str\u00f6m om den f\u00e5r f\u00f6r lite sp\u00e4nning f\u00f6r att leverera sin effekt. F\u00f6ljaktligen \u00e4r str\u00f6mf\u00f6rbrukningen h\u00f6gre n\u00e4r sp\u00e4nningen \u00e4r l\u00e4gre \u00e4n \"normalt\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kabeltv\u00e4rsnitt i v\u00e4xelsp\u00e4nningsomr\u00e5det - AC - kan anv\u00e4ndas i detta <a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/vad-ska-man-goera-vid-stroemavbrott\/#Kabelquerschnitt_AC\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"1418\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Tabell<\/a> ber\u00e4knas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Relais-Arten\"><\/span>Rel\u00e4er av olika typer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Inom fordonsindustrin anv\u00e4nds vanligen rel\u00e4er som drivs med 12 eller 24 V liksp\u00e4nning (DC) och som kan koppla laster p\u00e5 upp till ca 30 A. Kraftrel\u00e4er kan ocks\u00e5 hantera upp till 400 A.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rel\u00e4spolarnas anslutningar \u00e4r m\u00e4rkta med 85 och 86. F\u00f6r rel\u00e4er med en inbyggd gnistsl\u00e4ckningsdiod \u00e4r 86 tilldelad plus. Rel\u00e4er utan gnistsl\u00e4ckningsdiod kan anslutas med valfri polaritet, men det har visat sig vara en god id\u00e9 att v\u00e4lja polaritet som om en gnistsl\u00e4ckningsdiod hade installerats (inom elektroniken kallas detta <em>Frihjulsdiod<\/em>). P\u00e5 s\u00e5 s\u00e4tt kan ett rel\u00e4 med valfri konfiguration anv\u00e4ndas i samma stickkontakt utan att skadas av felaktig polaritet. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Schlieser-_Offner\"><\/span>Normalt \u00f6ppen \/ Normalt st\u00e4ngd kontakt<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rel\u00e4er f\u00f6r tillkoppling av en last har en NO-kontakt och f\u00f6r fr\u00e5nkoppling en NC-kontakt. Kontakten p\u00e5 ett normalt \u00f6ppet rel\u00e4 \u00e4r d\u00e4rf\u00f6r \u00f6ppen i fr\u00e5nslaget tillst\u00e5nd och sluts s\u00e5 snart rel\u00e4et f\u00f6rses med sp\u00e4nning. En NC-kontakt fungerar tv\u00e4rtom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Brytarkontakterna \u00e4r m\u00e4rkta 30 (plus) och 87 (konsument).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"587\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-5-587x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10072\" style=\"width:159px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-5-587x1024.png 587w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-5-172x300.png 172w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-5-7x12.png 7w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-5.png 659w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 587px) 100vw, 587px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gnistsl\u00e4ckningsdioden under rel\u00e4spolen har till uppgift att absorbera och kompensera f\u00f6r sp\u00e4nningstoppar p\u00e5 flera hundra volt som uppst\u00e5r i spolen n\u00e4r str\u00f6mf\u00f6rs\u00f6rjningen till rel\u00e4et st\u00e4ngs av.<br>\u00c4ven om de flesta rel\u00e4er som anv\u00e4nds inom fordonsindustrin inte har en s\u00e5dan skyddskrets integrerad eftersom rel\u00e4spolarna \u00e4r ganska \"robusta\", \u00e4r det ett klokare beslut att anv\u00e4nda rel\u00e4er med en integrerad gnistskyddsdiod om m\u00f6jligt!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Wechsler\"><\/span>Bytare<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Omkopplingsrel\u00e4et m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r koppling av tv\u00e5 laster och har d\u00e4rf\u00f6r tre kopplingskontakter och d\u00e4rmed ocks\u00e5 tre anslutningar, 30 (positiv), 87 (NO) och 87a (NC).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"504\" height=\"954\" src=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-6.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10073\" style=\"width:161px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-6.png 504w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-6-158x300.png 158w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-6-6x12.png 6w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 504px) 100vw, 504px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sonderrelais\"><\/span>S\u00e4rskilt rel\u00e4<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Det kan t.ex. vara blink- eller timerrel\u00e4er med integrerad elektronik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Praxis-Beispiel\"><\/span>Praktiskt exempel<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00e5let \u00e4r att kunna sl\u00e5 p\u00e5 och av flera olika laster centralt via en str\u00f6mbrytare. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c5terf\u00f6rs\u00e4ljarna erbjuder ett brett utbud av produkter, som alla har en sak gemensamt: kablarna \u00e4r mycket tunna och endast avsedda f\u00f6r l\u00e5ga str\u00f6mmar. Vi kommer ih\u00e5g: koppar \u00e4r dyrt ...<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"570\" height=\"299\" src=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10075\" style=\"width:466px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-8.png 570w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-8-300x157.png 300w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-8-18x9.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 570px) 100vw, 570px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Det som b\u00f6rjar med en liten LED-lampa v\u00e4xer till ett helt belysningssystem snabbare \u00e4n v\u00e4ntat. Detta \u00f6kar ocks\u00e5 effektbehovet och d\u00e4rmed den effekt som ska kopplas om. Ett fall f\u00f6r anv\u00e4ndning av ett rel\u00e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ledningarna till dessa brytare \u00e4r vanligtvis bryggade: alla positiva och negativa poler \u00e4r anslutna till varandra. Den last som \u00e4r ansluten via den sista brytaren drar sin str\u00f6m via alla tidigare bryggor. Detta inneb\u00e4r att summan av str\u00f6mmarna fr\u00e5n alla inkopplade laster inte f\u00e5r \u00f6verstiga matningsledningens kapacitet.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"395\" src=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-16-1024x395.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10085\" style=\"width:513px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-16-1024x395.png 1024w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-16-300x116.png 300w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-16-768x296.png 768w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-16-18x7.png 18w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-16.png 1126w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De 12 V 20 A som vanligtvis anges av tillverkaren avser i sj\u00e4lva verket bara standardkabell\u00e4ngden p\u00e5 n\u00e5gra centimeter. Om endast EN meter matningskabel ing\u00e5r \u00e4r den till\u00e5tna str\u00f6mmen bara 2 A, en tiondel!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I detta avseende \u00e4r det d\u00e4rf\u00f6r mer \u00e4n tillr\u00e5dligt att anv\u00e4nda kopplingsrel\u00e4er (normalt \u00f6ppna kontakter).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Den fria kontakten m\u00e4rkt \"V\" leder till anslutning 86 p\u00e5 ett rel\u00e4, tr\u00e5den m\u00e4rkt \"-\" \u00e4r ansluten till plint 85.<br>F\u00f6rbrukaren drar sin jord (minus) direkt fr\u00e5n batteriet (eller fordonets jordanslutning), medan den f\u00e5r plus via den omkopplade rel\u00e4anslutningen 87.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"857\" src=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-14-1024x857.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10083\" style=\"width:517px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-14-1024x857.png 1024w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-14-300x251.png 300w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-14-768x643.png 768w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-14-1536x1286.png 1536w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-14-14x12.png 14w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-14.png 2034w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Om den tillh\u00f6rande brytaren nu aktiveras, f\u00e5r rel\u00e4et en positiv signal p\u00e5 kontakt 86, h\u00e4mtar upp och kopplar via sin kontakt (30 - positiv) till den motsatta kontakten 87, varvid lasten ocks\u00e5 f\u00e5r en positiv signal och d\u00e4rmed kopplas in. S\u00e5 snart str\u00f6mbrytaren sl\u00e5s av igen faller rel\u00e4et av och bryter str\u00f6mf\u00f6rs\u00f6rjningen till lasten.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">L\u00e4stid<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minuter<\/span><\/span>Rel\u00e4er anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r att koppla laster med h\u00f6gre effekt (W - Watt - P) \u00e4n vad brytarens brytkontakt eller kabeltv\u00e4rsnittet vid brytaren till\u00e5ter. Alla k\u00e4nner till det rytmiska klickandet fr\u00e5n blinkersrel\u00e4et i en bil. Ett integrerat elektroniskt system s\u00e4kerst\u00e4ller det lagstadgade blinkningsintervallet och sl\u00e5r p\u00e5 och av rel\u00e4et. I samma cykel...&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/blog\/2025\/06\/17\/wozu-braucht-man-relais\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">L\u00e4s mer \"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Varf\u00f6r beh\u00f6ver du rel\u00e4er?<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2588,5081],"tags":[2382,2384,5084,5085,5087,2881,4474,5090,5089,1432,1060,5092,5088,5093,5082,2882,5097,1280,5083,5095,1062,981,448,459,446,642,444,466,1415,1378,5094,5091,5096],"class_list":["post-10071","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kfz-technik","category-relais-technik","tag-12v","tag-24v","tag-5084","tag-5085","tag-5087","tag-ampere","tag-blinker-relais","tag-freilaufdiode","tag-funkenloeschdiode","tag-gleichspannung","tag-kabelquerschnitt","tag-kabelrolle","tag-last","tag-leistungsrelais","tag-oeffner","tag-ohm","tag-polung","tag-relais","tag-schliesser","tag-schutzschaltung","tag-sicherung","tag-sicherungsautomat","tag-spannung","tag-spannungsabfall","tag-strom","tag-stromstaerke","tag-stromverbrauch","tag-verbraucher","tag-volt","tag-watt","tag-wechsler","tag-widerstand","tag-zeitrelais"],"modified_by":"Achim Goerner","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10071","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10071"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10071\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10071"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10071"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10071"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}