{"id":604,"date":"2021-08-22T01:23:19","date_gmt":"2021-08-22T01:23:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/?p=604"},"modified":"2023-01-21T16:44:31","modified_gmt":"2023-01-21T16:44:31","slug":"grunderna-pa-internet-foer-dummies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/blog\/2021\/08\/22\/internet-grundlagen-fuer-dummies\/","title":{"rendered":"Grundl\u00e4ggande internet f\u00f6r dummies"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Inneh\u00e5llsf\u00f6rteckning<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/blog\/2021\/08\/22\/internet-grundlagen-fuer-dummies\/#DNS\" >DNS<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/blog\/2021\/08\/22\/internet-grundlagen-fuer-dummies\/#Der_Weg_zum_Ziel\" >V\u00e4gen till m\u00e5let<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">L\u00e4stid<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 2<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minuter<\/span><\/span>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Grunderna f\u00f6r att f\u00f6rst\u00e5 Internet - l\u00e5t oss spela det dumt... - Alla som har sett Feuerzangenbowle med Heinz R\u00fchmann k\u00e4nner till detta tales\u00e4tt om \u00e5ngmaskinens funktionalitet som diskuteras d\u00e4r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Om du inte kan det har du \u00e5tminstone h\u00f6rt det fr\u00e5n Google, som f\u00f6rmodligen \u00e4r en av de mest anv\u00e4nda s\u00f6kmotorerna p\u00e5 internet idag.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Men hur fungerar det att om du <em>google.de<\/em> ocks\u00e5 hamnar p\u00e5 denna s\u00f6kmotor?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">J\u00e4mf\u00f6relsen med den gamla goda telefonboken \u00e4r naturligtvis felaktig, men den ger en bra grund:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tidigare, om du letade efter ett telefonnummer till en v\u00e4n, skulle du \u00e5tminstone beh\u00f6va deras namn och staden d\u00e4r de bodde. Sedan beh\u00f6vde du telefonboken f\u00f6r den staden och slog upp namnet. Denna hade ett riktnummer som skulle s\u00e4ttas framf\u00f6r telefonnumret. Om bekantskapen ocks\u00e5 hette M\u00fcller, s\u00e5 var f\u00f6rnamnet till hj\u00e4lp. Om detta ocks\u00e5 var en frekvent f\u00f6reteelse, hj\u00e4lpte bara kunskap om gatan att hitta exakt den &quot;M\u00fcller&quot; och hitta hans telefonnummer. Och om han bodde i delad l\u00e4genhet s\u00e5 var \u00e4ven tillbyggnaden aktuell, givetvis f\u00f6rutsatt att personen han s\u00f6kte bodde i Tyskland.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u00e5 Internet visas landsnummer, riktnummer och telefonnummer samt anknytningsnummer som en s\u00e5 kallad IP-adress (Internet Protocol). Alla fyra talkomponenter, separerade fr\u00e5n varandra med en punkt, kan var och en ha v\u00e4rden fr\u00e5n 001 till 255. Till exempel har Google.de adressen 008.008.008.008.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Denna adress motsvarar IPv4-standarden och erbjuder ett adressutrymme p\u00e5 4 miljarder adresser. IPv6-standarden, som f\u00f6r n\u00e4rvarande fortfarande drivs parallellt, till\u00e5ter ett adressutrymme p\u00e5 n\u00e4stan en sexbiljon (3,4 x 10)<sup>38<\/sup>).<br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"DNS\"><\/span>DNS<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nu \u00e4r totalt tolvsiffriga nummersekvenser inte s\u00e4rskilt minnesv\u00e4rda j\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med namnnamn. Det \u00e4r d\u00e4rf\u00f6r det finns en typ av telefonkataloginformation p\u00e5 Internet, DNS (Domain Name Server). Dessa anger inmatningen av namnet <em>Google.de<\/em> in i den ovan n\u00e4mnda nummerf\u00f6ljden 008.008.008.008 eller 8.8.8.8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e5t oss se vilken v\u00e4g en s\u00f6kfr\u00e5ga tar n\u00e4r n\u00e5gon \u00e4r i Cuxhaven <em>Google.de<\/em> i webbl\u00e4sarens adressf\u00e4lt p\u00e5 en dator. Det finns ett kommando f\u00f6r detta <em>traceroute<\/em> (f\u00f6lj rutten) p\u00e5 Mac OS, <em>tracert<\/em> p\u00e5 Windows.<br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Der_Weg_zum_Ziel\"><\/span>V\u00e4gen till m\u00e5let<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>traceroute 8.8.8.8<\/em> eller <em>traceroute google.de<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Dator 192.168.1.16 via WLAN -&gt; Router (intern DNS; t.ex. AVM FritzBox) \u2013 192.168.1.1 \u2013 1 068 ms<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Router -&gt; D \u2013 Kassel \u2013 88 134 189 230 \u2013 12 891 ms<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-&gt; D \u2013 Kassel \u2013 88 134 192 186 \u2013 13 906 ms<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-&gt; D \u2013 Darmstadt \u2013 145.254.3.62 \u2013 17 076 ms<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-&gt; D \u2013 Darmstadt \u2013 145.254.2.215 \u2013 17.146 ms<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-&gt; USA \u2013 CA \u2013 Mountain View \u2013 72.14.194.138 \u2013 15 443 ms<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-&gt; USA \u2013 KS \u2013 KansasCity \u2013 8.8.8.8 \u2013 18 787 ms<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Den totala tiden som kr\u00e4vs f\u00f6r denna rutt \u00f6ver halva v\u00e4rlden, med totalt sex datacenter inblandade, \u00e4r 86,37 ms \u2013 ett ganska snabbt svar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">L\u00e4stid<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 2<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minuter<\/span><\/span>Grunderna f\u00f6r att f\u00f6rst\u00e5 Internet - l\u00e5t oss spela dumma ... - Alla som har sett Feuerzangenbowle med Heinz R\u00fchmann k\u00e4nner till detta tales\u00e4tt om hur \u00e5ngmaskinen fungerar. Den som inte k\u00e4nner till det har \u00e5tminstone h\u00f6rt talas om Google, som f\u00f6rmodligen \u00e4r en av de mest anv\u00e4nda s\u00f6kmotorerna p\u00e5 Internet idag....&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/blog\/2021\/08\/22\/internet-grundlagen-fuer-dummies\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">L\u00e4s mer \"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Grundl\u00e4ggande internet f\u00f6r dummies<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[360,364],"tags":[1051,1049,1048,576,1050,1052],"class_list":["post-604","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-haus-und-garten","category-internet-grundlagen-fuer-dummies","tag-dns","tag-grundlagen","tag-internet","tag-ip","tag-ipv6","tag-traceroute"],"modified_by":"Achim Goerner","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/604","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=604"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/604\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=604"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=604"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=604"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}