{"id":7072,"date":"2024-04-05T19:28:39","date_gmt":"2024-04-05T19:28:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/?p=7072"},"modified":"2024-05-03T08:26:07","modified_gmt":"2024-05-03T08:26:07","slug":"inverter-och-real-sinus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/","title":{"rendered":"Inverter och &quot;riktig&quot; sinusv\u00e5g"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Inneh\u00e5llsf\u00f6rteckning<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/#Sinus_%E2%80%93_Netzspannung\" >Sinus \u2013 n\u00e4tsp\u00e4nning<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/#Sinus_%E2%80%93_APC_USV_Back_Pro_1500\" >Sine \u2013 APC UPS Back Pro 1500<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/#Sinus_%E2%80%93_Victron_Multiplus_II\" >Sinus \u2013 Victron Multiplus II<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/#Messung\" >m\u00e5tt<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/#Vorgehensweise\" >F\u00f6rfarande<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/#Kalibrierung\" >kalibrering<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/#Teilerverhaltnis_am_Tastkopf_einstellen\" >St\u00e4ll in delningsf\u00f6rh\u00e5llandet p\u00e5 sonden<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/#Oszilloskop-Einstellungen\" >Oscilloskopinst\u00e4llningar<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/#Unterschied_AC_DC_coupling\" >Skillnad AC \/ DC-koppling<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/#Messung-2\" >m\u00e5tt<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">L\u00e4stid<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 3<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minuter<\/span><\/span>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">inverter (<em>engelska<\/em>. V\u00e4xelriktare), s\u00e4rskilt de &quot;billiga&quot;, annonseras ofta som &quot;riktiga&quot; sinusv\u00e5gor. En sann sinusv\u00e5g \u00e4r s\u00e4rskilt viktig f\u00f6r att byta str\u00f6mf\u00f6rs\u00f6rjning. En mer eller mindre rundad fyrkantsv\u00e5g orsakar problem f\u00f6r komponenterna i att byta str\u00f6mf\u00f6rs\u00f6rjning och kan till och med f\u00f6rst\u00f6ra dem p\u00e5 l\u00e5ng sikt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En v\u00e4xelriktares uteffekt b\u00f6r st\u00e5 f\u00f6r maximalt 20 % av batterikapaciteten vid 12 V DC och 10 % vid 24 V DC. Exempel: 1 000 W invertereffekt * 0,2 = 200 Ah batterikapacitet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sinus_%E2%80%93_Netzspannung\"><\/span>Sinus \u2013 n\u00e4tsp\u00e4nning<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00e4tsp\u00e4nningen \u00e4r vanligtvis 230 V vid en frekvens p\u00e5 50 Hz. N\u00e4tfrekvensen g\u00f6r att sp\u00e4nningen v\u00e4xlar mellan sitt minimum och maximum runt nolllinjen 50 g\u00e5nger per sekund.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">F\u00f6ljande diagram visar sinuskurvan f\u00f6r n\u00e4tsp\u00e4nningen.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Sinus.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7076\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Sinus.png 800w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Sinus-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Sinus-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Sinus-768x461.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:34px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Det som m\u00e4rks \u00e4r att m\u00e5ttenheten \u00e4r inst\u00e4lld p\u00e5 200 V (nederst till v\u00e4nster i bilden). S\u00e5 tv\u00e5 rutor representerar 400 V. Kurvans spets representerar <em>RMS-v\u00e4rde<\/em> den nominella sp\u00e4nningen p\u00e5 230 V och \u00e4r optiskt drygt en och en halv box, motsvarande cirka 300 V, eller exakt <em>325 V<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sinus_%E2%80%93_APC_USV_Back_Pro_1500\"><\/span>Sine \u2013 APC UPS Back Pro 1500<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">APC \u00e4r en k\u00e4nd tillverkare av avbrottsfri str\u00f6mf\u00f6rs\u00f6rjning (UPS, <em>engelska<\/em>. UPS). Man antar att dessa producerar en hyfsad sinusv\u00e5g, speciellt eftersom de vanligtvis anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r att skydda mot str\u00f6mavbrott, speciellt i datorer.<br>De har kopplingstider p\u00e5 runt 18 ms, vilket \u00e4r tillr\u00e4ckligt f\u00f6r att skydda datorerna fr\u00e5n en okontrollerad avst\u00e4ngning. B\u00e5de b\u00e4rbara datorer och station\u00e4ra datorer fungerar med byte av str\u00f6mf\u00f6rs\u00f6rjning.<br>Eftersom de huvudsakligen drivs med n\u00e4tstr\u00f6m \u00e4r drifttiderna med UPS-bryggning knappast signifikanta, varf\u00f6r en ungef\u00e4rlig sinusv\u00e5g \u00e4r tolerabel, \u00e4ven om - faktiskt - inte \u00e4r \u00f6nskv\u00e4rd. S\u00e5 \u2013 tyv\u00e4rr \u2013 levereras ingen riktig sinus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:34px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Pseudo_Sinus.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7075\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Pseudo_Sinus.png 800w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Pseudo_Sinus-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Pseudo_Sinus-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Pseudo_Sinus-768x461.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:0px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:34px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sinus_%E2%80%93_Victron_Multiplus_II\"><\/span>Sinus \u2013 Victron Multiplus II<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e4xelriktaren <em>Victron Multiplus II<\/em> och dess sl\u00e4ktingar \u00e4r designade f\u00f6r permanent str\u00f6mf\u00f6rs\u00f6rjning av konsumenter, inklusive datorer. Liksom tidigare n\u00e4mnda APC UPS har de en lika kort kopplingstid varf\u00f6r de \u00e4ven kan fungera som UPS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Eftersom detta beroende p\u00e5 batterikapacitet faktiskt kan inneb\u00e4ra en permanent f\u00f6rs\u00f6rjning av bland annat v\u00e4xlande str\u00f6mf\u00f6rs\u00f6rjning, ligger fokus h\u00e4r i f\u00f6rsta hand p\u00e5 en verklig - verklig - sinusv\u00e5g.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Messung\"><\/span>m\u00e5tt<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Om du vill m\u00e4ta din v\u00e4xelriktares sinus sj\u00e4lv och ha ett oscilloskop kan du kontrollera reklamp\u00e5st\u00e5enden live.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:34px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>! - <strong>Fara -!<\/strong><br>Att arbeta med sp\u00e4nningar \u00f6ver 50 volt kan vara livsfarligt om allm\u00e4nna s\u00e4kerhetsf\u00f6reskrifter inte f\u00f6ljs.<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:34px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vorgehensweise\"><\/span>F\u00f6rfarande<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kalibrierung\"><\/span>kalibrering<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Varje m\u00e4ting\u00e5ng m\u00e5ste anpassas och kalibreras till den anv\u00e4nda sonden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Oscilloskopet tillhandah\u00e5ller en fast frekvensutg\u00e5ng f\u00f6r detta \u00e4ndam\u00e5l. Efter att ha anslutit BNC-kontakten fr\u00e5n sonden till \u00f6nskad m\u00e4ting\u00e5ng, ansluts probspetsen till \u00f6glan p\u00e5 den fasta frekvensutg\u00e5ngen och krokodilkl\u00e4mman ansluts till jordanslutningen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Det finns ett litet h\u00e5l p\u00e5 sidan av sondkontakten genom vilket en plastjusteringsskruvmejsel som medf\u00f6ljer sondspetsen kan f\u00f6ras in och en ren fyrkantsv\u00e5gssignal kan st\u00e4llas in genom att vrida den n\u00e5got \u00e5t ena eller andra h\u00e5llet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Teilerverhaltnis_am_Tastkopf_einstellen\"><\/span>St\u00e4ll in delningsf\u00f6rh\u00e5llandet p\u00e5 sonden<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Oscilloskopsonden frig\u00f6rs fr\u00e5n sin pluggbara jordanslutning (vanligtvis f\u00f6rsedd med en krokodilkl\u00e4mma i \u00e4nden). Endast sj\u00e4lva sondspetsen kr\u00e4vs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sonden m\u00e5ste kunna v\u00e4xla mellan <em>1x<\/em> p\u00e5 <em>10x<\/em> m\u00f6jligg\u00f6ra. Detta representerar ett divisionsf\u00f6rh\u00e5llande Eftersom 230 V har en total effektiv sp\u00e4nning (baserat p\u00e5 minimi- och maximiv\u00e4rde) p\u00e5 650 V, men oscilloskopsignaling\u00e5ngar \u00e4r vanligtvis endast konstruerade f\u00f6r maximalt 400 Vp (voltstopp), vilket v\u00e4xlar till 10x. delningsf\u00f6rh\u00e5llandet \u00e4r satt till 10:1. F\u00f6ljaktligen finns det ingen 650 V p\u00e5 m\u00e4ting\u00e5ngen, utan 65 V, vilket ligger inom de till\u00e5tna sp\u00e4nningsv\u00e4rdena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Oszilloskop-Einstellungen\"><\/span>Oscilloskopinst\u00e4llningar<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Oscilloskopet anv\u00e4nds som insp\u00e4nningsomr\u00e5de <em>200V<\/em> , signalkoppling <em>AC<\/em> och divisionsf\u00f6rh\u00e5llandet <em>10x<\/em> upps\u00e4ttning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Unterschied_AC_DC_coupling\"><\/span>Skillnad AC \/ DC-koppling<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vid anst\u00e4llning <em>AC koppling<\/em> DC-sp\u00e4nningskomponenten ber\u00e4knas och endast AC-sp\u00e4nningskomponenten visas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vid anst\u00e4llning <em>DC-koppling<\/em> DC-sp\u00e4nningskomponenten anv\u00e4nds som en offset f\u00f6r AC-sp\u00e4nningskomponenten och visas offset h\u00f6gre p\u00e5 y-axeln med detta belopp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Messung-2\"><\/span>m\u00e5tt<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">F\u00f6rst best\u00e4ms fasen med hj\u00e4lp av en sp\u00e4nningstestare (skruvmejsel med en gl\u00f6dlampa, \u00e4ven kallad &quot;l\u00f6gnpenna&quot;). Den anslutna sonden \u00e4r ansluten till denna. Sinussignalen visas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vissa oscilloskop m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r ocks\u00e5 en \u00f6verlagringsvisning av alla uppm\u00e4tta v\u00e4rden som resulterar fr\u00e5n den applicerade signalen, som visas i f\u00f6ljande figur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:34px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Messdaten.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7078\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Messdaten.png 800w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Messdaten-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Messdaten-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/csiag.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Messdaten-768x461.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">L\u00e4stid<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 3<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minuter<\/span><\/span>V\u00e4xelriktare, s\u00e4rskilt de \"billiga\", marknadsf\u00f6rs ofta med att de har en \"\u00e4kta\" sinusv\u00e5g. En \u00e4kta sinusv\u00e5g \u00e4r s\u00e4rskilt viktig f\u00f6r switchade str\u00f6mf\u00f6rs\u00f6rjningar. En mer eller mindre rundad fyrkantv\u00e5g \u00e4r ett problem f\u00f6r komponenterna i switchade n\u00e4taggregat och kan till och med f\u00f6rst\u00f6ra dem p\u00e5 l\u00e5ng sikt. En v\u00e4xelriktare b\u00f6r ha en maximal uteffekt p\u00e5 ca 20 % vid 12 V DC och en maximal uteffekt p\u00e5...&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/blog\/2024\/04\/05\/wechselrichter-und-echter-sinus\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">L\u00e4s mer \"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Inverter och &quot;riktig&quot; sinusv\u00e5g<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1757,2878,3210,3209,1582],"tags":[839,429,3228,3229,3216,840,3224,3225,3217,1295,540,3226,3211,1289,3218,3215,3227,3214,2442,3212,3213,3221,3220,3223,3222,1583,430,519,529,3219],"class_list":["post-7072","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-elektrotechnik","category-messtechnik","category-ups","category-usv","category-wechselrichter","tag-ac","tag-apc","tag-bnc","tag-bnc-stecker","tag-coupling","tag-dc","tag-effektivspannung","tag-festfrequenz-ausgang","tag-gleichspannungs-anteil","tag-inverter","tag-kalibrierung","tag-messeingang","tag-multiplus","tag-multiplus-ii-2","tag-offset","tag-oszilloskop","tag-phase","tag-schaltnetzteil","tag-signal","tag-sinus","tag-sinuskurve","tag-spannungspruefer","tag-tastkopf","tag-teilerverhaeltnis","tag-teilungsverhaeltnis","tag-ups","tag-usv","tag-victron","tag-wechselrichter","tag-wechselspannungs-anteil"],"modified_by":"Achim Goerner","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7072","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7072"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7072\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7072"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7072"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7072"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}