{"id":12436,"date":"2026-01-25T13:10:33","date_gmt":"2026-01-25T13:10:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/?p=12436"},"modified":"2026-01-25T14:26:09","modified_gmt":"2026-01-25T14:26:09","slug":"karanlik-alan-mikroskobu-dfm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/tr\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/","title":{"rendered":"Karanl\u0131k alan mikroskopisi (DFM)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0130\u00e7indekiler tablosu<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/tr\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Historie\" >Tarih<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/tr\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Studien_uber_wissenschaftlich_anerkannten_Einsatz_der_Dunkelfeld-Mikrokopie\" >Karanl\u0131k alan mikroskobunun bilimsel olarak tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/tr\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Syphilis-Diagnostik_Primar-Syphilis\" >Sifiliz te\u015fhisi (birincil sifiliz)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/tr\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Molekulare_vs_Dunkelfeldmikroskopie_bei_Syphilis\" >Sifilizde molek\u00fcler ve karanl\u0131k alan mikroskopisi<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/tr\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Malaria-Detektion_durch_Dunkelfeldmikroskopie\" >Karanl\u0131k alan mikroskopisi kullan\u0131larak s\u0131tma tespiti<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/tr\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Leptospirose-Diagnostik\" >Leptospiroz te\u015fhisleri<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/tr\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Campylobacter-Enteritis_Diagnostik\" >Campylobacter enterit te\u015fhisi<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/tr\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Bakterielle_Flagellen-Visualisierung\" >Bakteriyel flagella g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirme<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/tr\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Blutgefas-Visualisierung_in_der_Pathologie\" >Patolojide kan damar\u0131 g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirme<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/tr\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Hautmikrozirkulation_mit_Sidestream_Dark_Field_Imaging\" >Sidestream Karanl\u0131k Alan G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme ile cilt mikrosirk\u00fclasyonu<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/tr\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Dunkelfeldmikroskopie_nach_Enderlein\" >Enderlein'e g\u00f6re karanl\u0131k alan mikroskopisi<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/tr\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Die_Hypothese_%E2%80%A6\" >Hipotez ...<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/tr\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#und_der_Widerspruch\" >ve \u00e7eli\u015fki<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/tr\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Therapeutischer_Ansatz_von_Enderlein\" >Enderlein'\u0131n terap\u00f6tik yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/tr\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Sanum-Therapie\" >Sanum tedavisi<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/tr\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Registrierung_gem_AMG\" >AMG'ye g\u00f6re kay\u0131t<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/tr\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Qualitatskontrollpflicht\" >Kalite kontrol y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/tr\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/#Nebenwirkungen\" >Yan etkiler<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Okuma s\u00fcresi<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">dakika<\/span><\/span>\n<p>DFM, kan bile\u015fenlerini ve mikroorganizmalar\u0131 analiz etmek i\u00e7in 17. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan beri bilinen bir tekniktir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Klinik olarak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerin te\u015fhisi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r <em>Spiroketler<\/em> (gram-negatif, spiral \u015fekilli, aktif hareketli <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC274447\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bakteriler<\/a>, nas\u0131l <em>Leptospires<\/em>, <em>Treponemalar<\/em>) ve Plasmodium t\u00fcrleri (<a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC272731\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">S\u0131tma parazitleri<\/a>) yan\u0131 s\u0131ra a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerin tespiti i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/21\/4652\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">E.coli<\/a> su \u00f6rneklerinde ve s\u0131tma patojeninde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bilimsel olarak savunulabilir olmayan bir ba\u015fka uygulama ise, s\u00f6zde. <em>Enderlein'e g\u00f6re hayati kan analizi \/ karanl\u0131k alan mikroskopisi<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da, DFM'nin tarih\u00e7esi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla bilimsel olarak kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f uygulama alanlar\u0131 ve Enderlein'in DFM teorisi sunulacakt\u0131r. <em>Pleomorfizm<\/em> ve ilgili bilgiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Historie\"><\/span>Tarih<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Antoni van Leeuwenhoek<\/em> (1632 - 1723, Hollandal\u0131 do\u011fa bilimci ve en \u00f6nemli mikroskopist), <em>Robert Hooke<\/em> (1635 - 1703, \u0130ngiliz polimat) ve <em>Christiaan Huygens<\/em> (1629 - 1695, Hollandal\u0131 astronom, matematik\u00e7i ve fizik\u00e7i) DFM'yi zaten kullan\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zaman i\u00e7inde optikler ve teknikler daha da geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f, b\u00f6ylece DFM art\u0131k stereo ve taramal\u0131 elektron mikroskobu i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131labilir hale gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Normal mikroskopi ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda (<em>Parlak alan<\/em>mikroskopi) incelenecek nesnenin a\u00e7\u0131k renkli bir arka plan\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda, DFM canl\u0131 nesneler de dahil olmak \u00fczere \u015feffaf nesnelerin koyu renkli bir arka plan \u00f6n\u00fcnde kontrast\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f (renklendirme teknikleri kullan\u0131lmadan) g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenmesi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sadece nesne taraf\u0131ndan sapt\u0131r\u0131lan veya sa\u00e7\u0131lan \u0131\u015f\u0131k mercekten izleyicinin g\u00f6z\u00fcne y\u00f6nlendirilir ve en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 bile g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr hale getirir. \u00d6n ko\u015ful, kirlilikler nedeniyle \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n sa\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekte g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenen nesnenin bozulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in tamamen temiz bir lamd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Studien_uber_wissenschaftlich_anerkannten_Einsatz_der_Dunkelfeld-Mikrokopie\"><\/span>Karanl\u0131k alan mikroskobunun bilimsel olarak tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Syphilis-Diagnostik_Primar-Syphilis\"><\/span><strong>Sifiliz te\u015fhisi (birincil sifiliz)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33268187\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Karanl\u0131k alan mikroskopisi 21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda primer sifiliz tan\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in hala yararl\u0131 m\u0131?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>806 \u00f6rne\u011fin 53,2%'si (429) DFM i\u00e7in pozitif bulunmu\u015ftur. 429 hastan\u0131n 48%'sinin serolojik testleri negatifti, bu da \u015funu g\u00f6stermektedir <em>DFM<\/em> bir <em>Erken te\u015fhis<\/em> hala m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131l\u0131yor <em>serolojik testler pozitif \u00e7\u0131kmadan \u00f6nce<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Molekulare_vs_Dunkelfeldmikroskopie_bei_Syphilis\"><\/span><strong>Sifilizde molek\u00fcler ve karanl\u0131k alan mikroskopisi<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7312206\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Treponema pallidum Alt T\u00fcrleri pallidum i\u00e7in Molek\u00fcler ve Do\u011frudan Tespit Testleri: Literat\u00fcr\u00fcn G\u00f6zden Ge\u00e7irilmesi, 1964-2017<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Primer sifiliz hastalar\u0131nda, DFM'nin klinik tan\u0131lara ve laboratuvar bulgular\u0131na k\u0131yasla duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6zg\u00fcll\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131ras\u0131yla 75-100% ve 94-100% idi. Sekonder sifilizde, duyarl\u0131l\u0131k 58-71% ve \u00f6zg\u00fcll\u00fck 100% idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Malaria-Detektion_durch_Dunkelfeldmikroskopie\"><\/span><strong>Karanl\u0131k alan mikroskopisi kullan\u0131larak s\u0131tma tespiti<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/jcm.17.5.717-721.1983\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Boyanmam\u0131\u015f kan filmlerinde s\u0131tman\u0131n saptanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in karanl\u0131k alan mikroskopisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7e\u015fitli <em>Plasmodium t\u00fcrleri<\/em> pigmenti, kan lekeleri DFM kullan\u0131larak g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclendi\u011finde \u0131\u015f\u0131k sa\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Bu teknik \u015funlar\u0131 sunar <em>H\u0131zl\u0131 te\u015fhisin avantajlar\u0131, artan hassasiyet<\/em> ve <em>Uyarlanabilirlik<\/em> saha \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Leptospirose-Diagnostik\"><\/span><strong>Leptospiroz te\u015fhisleri<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26068347\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Leptospiroz tan\u0131s\u0131nda karanl\u0131k saha mikroskopisi, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve ticari serolojik kitlerin de\u011ferlendirilmesi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Klinik \u00f6rneklerin hi\u00e7biri DFM ile pozitiflik g\u00f6stermemi\u015ftir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, DFM ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn birbiriyle ili\u015fkili oldu\u011fu sonucuna varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <em>s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 fayda<\/em> <em>ile<\/em> ve <em>Leptospiroz te\u015fhisi<\/em> seroloji temel dayanak noktas\u0131 olmaya devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Campylobacter-Enteritis_Diagnostik\"><\/span><strong>Campylobacter enterit te\u015fhisi<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/jcm.15.1.61-63.1982\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni enteritinin \u00f6n tan\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in insan d\u0131\u015fk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n karanl\u0131k alan mikroskopisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1.377 d\u0131\u015fk\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011finde, Campylobacter hareketlili\u011finin g\u00f6zlemlenmesinin duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6zg\u00fcll\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve tahmin de\u011feri s\u0131ras\u0131yla 36%, 99% ve 62% idi. Sonu\u00e7lar <em>Hassasiyet <\/em>oldu<em> en y\u00fcksek<\/em>, \u00f6rnekler ne zaman <em>2 saat i\u00e7inde<\/em> (50%) 2 saat sonras\u0131na (28%) k\u0131yasla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bakterielle_Flagellen-Visualisierung\"><\/span><strong>Bakteriyel flagella g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirme<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC274447\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bakteriyel kam\u00e7\u0131laman\u0131n karanl\u0131k alan mikroskobu ile incelenmesi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Boyanmam\u0131\u015f bakterilerin g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in bir y\u00f6ntem <em>Flagella<\/em> DFM taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Tek tek filamentler g\u00f6r\u00fclebildi\u011finden, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi bir cins <em>Salmonella<\/em> (peritrichously flagellated) gibi polar flagellated cinslerden kolayca ay\u0131rt edilirler. <em>Pseudomonas<\/em> ay\u0131rt edilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Blutgefas-Visualisierung_in_der_Pathologie\"><\/span><strong>Patolojide kan damar\u0131 g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirme<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7341069\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Karanl\u0131k alan mikroskopisi CD31 endotel boyamas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131r\u0131r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc <em>Peroksidaz kaynakl\u0131 DAB protein \u00e7\u00f6keltmesi<\/em> \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u00e7ma kabiliyeti nedeniyle DFM tekni\u011fi kullan\u0131larak y\u00fckseltilebilir ve bu da tespit edilmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hautmikrozirkulation_mit_Sidestream_Dark_Field_Imaging\"><\/span><strong>Sidestream Karanl\u0131k Alan G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme ile cilt mikrosirk\u00fclasyonu<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20972572\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Yan ak\u0131m karanl\u0131k alan g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme: kutan\u00f6z mikrosirk\u00fclasyonun ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenmesinin evrimi ve dermatolojideki potansiyel uygulamas\u0131<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Sidestream Karanl\u0131k Alan<\/em> (SDF) G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme i\u00e7in en son ara\u00e7t\u0131r. <em>Mikrosirk\u00fclasyon ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131<\/em>. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetli, basit ve non-invaziv bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme tekni\u011fini temsil eder, <em>iyi ta\u015f\u0131nabilirlik ve y\u00fcksek hassasiyet <\/em>ince, iyi tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler sunar<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dunkelfeldmikroskopie_nach_Enderlein\"><\/span>Enderlein'e g\u00f6re karanl\u0131k alan mikroskopisi<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Die_Hypothese_%E2%80%A6\"><\/span>Hipotez ...<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><em>G\u00fcnther Enderlein<\/em> (1872 - 1968, Alman zoolog ve entomolog) b\u00f6cek ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 \u00fczerine 500'den fazla makale yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015f ve uluslararas\u0131 tan\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131k kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Antoine B\u00e9champ (1816 - 1908, Frans\u0131z kimyager, doktor ve eczac\u0131) daha \u00f6nce <em>Fleomorfizm<\/em>(\u00e7ok bi\u00e7imlilik). T\u00fcm hayvan ve bitki h\u00fccrelerinin, belirli ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda patojenik bakterilerin geli\u015febilece\u011fi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck gran\u00fcller (mikrozimler) i\u00e7erdi\u011fi fikrine sahipti<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Enderlein bu hipotezi ele ald\u0131. Bakteriler \u00fczerine kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 morfolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, 1925 y\u0131l\u0131nda ana bakteriyolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131 <em>Bactieria siklojenisi<\/em> Buna dayanarak yeni bir bakteri s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131 tan\u0131mlama giri\u015fimi olarak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Enderlein'in parazitlerin, vir\u00fcslerin ve bakterilerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bunlar\u0131n daha da geli\u015fmesinin kan\u0131n pH de\u011ferine ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu fikrine dayanarak <em>Bakterilerin siklojenisi<\/em> (bakterinin \u015feklinde pH'a ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fim). T\u00fcm geli\u015fim s\u00fcrecini \u201ed\u00f6ng\u00fc\u201c terimiyle etiketledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"und_der_Widerspruch\"><\/span>ve \u00e7eli\u015fki<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Enderlein'\u0131n hipotezi, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde \u00e7oktan \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Yani 1931'de <em>Emmy Klieneberger <\/em>(1892 - 1985, Alman-\u0130ngiliz mikrobiyolog - mikrobiyolojinin ortak ka\u015fifi) <em>Mikoplazma<\/em>) .<br>\u015e\u00f6yle yazm\u0131\u015f: <br><br>\u201e<em>G. Enderlein, ger\u00e7ek g\u00f6zlemlere de\u011fil, teorik spek\u00fclasyonlara dayanan sistematik bir bakteri geli\u015fim d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc modeli olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Bu nedenle Enderlein'\u0131n spek\u00fclasyonlar\u0131, ger\u00e7eklikte herhangi bir temeli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in tamamen reddedilmelidir<\/em>\u201e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Ferdinand Cohn<\/em> (1828 - 1898, Alman bakteriyolog ve botanik\u00e7i - bakterilerdeki endosporlar\u0131n ka\u015fifi) modern bakteriyolojinin ve 1870 civar\u0131nda bakterilerin sistematik s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n kurucusu olarak kabul edilir. <em>Monoformizm<\/em>, ve <em>Louis Pasteur<\/em> (1822 - 1895, Frans\u0131z biyokimyac\u0131, kimyager, mikrobiyolog ve fizik\u00e7i) ve <em>Robert Koch<\/em> (1843 - 1910, Alman bakteriyolog ve doktor) bug\u00fcn hala ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini korumaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Therapeutischer_Ansatz_von_Enderlein\"><\/span>Enderlein'\u0131n terap\u00f6tik yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Enderlein, patojenlerin neden oldu\u011fu hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ayn\u0131 patojeni kullanarak iyile\u015ftirmeyi ama\u00e7layan homeopatiye benzer \u201ebenzerle benzer\u201c (simile prensibi) izopatik ila\u00e7lar olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan iyile\u015ftirici preparatlar geli\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sanum-Therapie\"><\/span>Sanum tedavisi<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1933'te \u015fu anki ad\u0131yla SANUM'u kurdu. <em>Sanum Kehlbeck<\/em> ticaret. Kendi terapi bi\u00e7imine <em>Sanum tedavisi<\/em>.<br>\u015eirket <a href=\"https:\/\/sanum.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sanum-Kehlbeck<\/a> D3 - D7 potenslerinde (ondal\u0131k seyreltmeler; D7 = 1:10.000.000, 1 k\u0131s\u0131m ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 malzemesine 99.999.999 k\u0131s\u0131m su\/alkole kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelir) homeopatik prensiplere g\u00f6re \u00fcretilen ve Alman T\u0131bbi \u00dcr\u00fcnler Yasas\u0131 (AMG) uyar\u0131nca pazarlama iznine sahip olmayan enjeksiyonluk ampuller de dahil olmak \u00fczere AB yasalar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca etkinlik kan\u0131t\u0131 olmadan sat\u0131labilen preparatlar\u0131n da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yapmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Registrierung_gem_AMG\"><\/span>AMG'ye g\u00f6re kay\u0131t<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcm haz\u0131rl\u0131klar yaln\u0131zca a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ko\u015fullara g\u00f6re mevcuttur <a href=\"https:\/\/dejure.org\/gesetze\/AMG\/38.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a7 38 AMG<\/a> yani \u00fcretici ne terap\u00f6tik etkinli\u011fin kan\u0131tlanmas\u0131n\u0131 ne de endikasyonlar\u0131n (uygulama alanlar\u0131) beyan edilmesini talep eder. Bu nedenle preparatlar \u015fu damgay\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mal\u0131d\u0131r<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201eKay\u0131tl\u0131 homeopatik t\u0131bbi \u00fcr\u00fcn, <br> bu nedenle terap\u00f6tik bir endikasyon belirtilmeksizin\u201c<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>giy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Qualitatskontrollpflicht\"><\/span>Kalite kontrol y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kalite kontrollerinden \u00fcretici sorumludur. 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sanum, 28 Mart, 6 Nisan ve 14 Nisan tarihlerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr partik\u00fcllerle kontaminasyon nedeniyle \u00e7e\u015fitli enjeksiyon sol\u00fcsyonlar\u0131n\u0131 durdurmak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <a href=\"https:\/\/sanum.com\/service\/aktuelles\/detail\/chargenrueckruf-28032023-06042023-14042023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">geri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rma<\/a>. Kamuoyu duyurusu 17.04.2023 tarihinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nebenwirkungen\"><\/span>Yan etkiler<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Bununla birlikte, terap\u00f6tik etkilere dair herhangi bir kan\u0131t bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan (01.2026 itibariyle), \u00e7e\u015fitli yan etkiler tespit edilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>70 ya\u015f\u0131nda kad\u0131n, 6 ay boyunca Notakehl D4 (g\u00fcnde 3\u00d71 kaps\u00fcl) ald\u0131, b\u00f6brek yetmezli\u011fi ile birlikte akut interstisyel nefrit geli\u015fti (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aerzteblatt.de\/nachrichten\/49491\/Penicillin-Allergie-auf-homoeopathische-Arzneimittel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kaynak<\/a>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>39 ya\u015f\u0131nda Notakehl uygulamas\u0131 sonras\u0131 alb\u00fcmin\u00fcri, hemat\u00fcri ve ate\u015fi olan kad\u0131n hasta (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bfarm.de\/SharedDocs\/Downloads\/DE\/Arzneimittel\/Pharmakovigilanz\/Risikoinformationen\/RisikoBewVerf\/m-r\/penicilliumhaltige-am-anhoerung.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kaynak<\/a>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mucokehl D5, Nigersan D5 ve Notakehl D7 ald\u0131ktan sonra akci\u011fer reaksiyonu \u015f\u00fcphesi olan ba\u015fka vakalar (kaynak daha \u00f6nceki gibi)<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Okuma s\u00fcresi<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">dakika<\/span><\/span>Die DFM ist eine seit dem 17. Jahrhundert bekannte Technik der Untersuchung von Blutbestandteilen und Kleinlebewesen. Sie wird klinisch zur Diagnostik von Spiroch\u00e4ten (gramnegative, wendelf\u00f6rmige, sich aktiv bewegende Bakterien, wie Leptospiren, Treponemen) und Plasmodium-Arten (Malaria-Parasiten), sowie zur Detektion von E.coli in Wasserproben und des Malaria-Errregers angewandt. Eine andere, wissenschaftlich jedoch nicht haltbare Anwendung, ist die&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/tr\/blog\/2026\/01\/25\/dunkelfeldmikroskopie-dfm\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 oku \"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Karanl\u0131k alan mikroskopisi (DFM)<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12436","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"modified_by":"Achim Goerner","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12436","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12436"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12436\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12436"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12436"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12436"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}